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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2013
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS  
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

5. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

 

 

Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis

 

We carry certain of our financial instruments at fair value. We define the fair value of a financial instrument as the amount that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. You should read the following in conjunction with Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2012 Annual Report for a complete discussion of our accounting policies and procedures regarding fair value measurements.

Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets are classified in accordance with a fair value hierarchy consisting of three "levels" based on the observability of inputs available in the marketplace used to measure the fair values as discussed below:

Level 1:  Fair value measurements based on quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that we have the ability to access for identical assets or liabilities. Market price data generally is obtained from exchange or dealer markets. We do not adjust the quoted price for such instruments.

Level 2:  Fair value measurements based on inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.

Level 3:  Fair value measurements based on valuation techniques that use significant inputs that are unobservable. Both observable and unobservable inputs may be used to determine the fair values of positions classified in Level 3. The circumstances for using these measurements include those in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability. Therefore, we must make certain assumptions as to the inputs a hypothetical market participant would use to value that asset or liability. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In those cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.

 

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

 

The following table presents information about assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicates the level of the fair value measurement based on the observability of the inputs used:

 

   
September 30, 2013
(in millions)
  Level 1
  Level 2
  Level 3
  Counterparty
Netting(a)

  Cash
Collateral(b)

  Total
 
   

Assets:

                                     

Bonds available for sale:

                                     

U.S. government and government sponsored entities

  $ 100   $ 3,335   $   $   $   $ 3,435  

Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions

        29,827     1,054             30,881  

Non-U.S. governments

    424     22,589     21             23,034  

Corporate debt

        142,726     1,442             144,168  

RMBS

        22,390     14,086             36,476  

CMBS

        5,896     5,616             11,512  

CDO/ABS

        3,744     6,651             10,395
   

Total bonds available for sale

    524     230,507     28,870             259,901
   

Bond trading securities:

                                     

U.S. government and government sponsored entities

    83     5,784                 5,867  

Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions

        181                 181  

Non-U.S. governments

        2                 2  

Corporate debt

        1,147                 1,147  

RMBS

        1,363     815             2,178  

CMBS

        623     831             1,454  

CDO/ABS

        3,174     8,881             12,055
   

Total bond trading securities

    83     12,274     10,527             22,884
   

Equity securities available for sale:

                                     

Common stock

    2,991         27             3,018  

Preferred stock

        29     48             77  

Mutual funds

    276     7                 283
   

Total equity securities available for sale

    3,267     36     75             3,378
   

Equity securities trading

    721     86                 807  

Mortgage and other loans receivable

                         

Other invested assets

    5     2,318     5,748             8,071  

Derivative assets:

                                     

Interest rate contracts

    5     3,970     38             4,013  

Foreign exchange contracts

        41                 41  

Equity contracts

    113     57     83             253  

Commodity contracts

            1             1  

Credit contracts

        1     55             56  

Other contracts

            33             33  

Counterparty netting and cash collateral

                (1,863 )   (811 )   (2,674 )
   

Total derivative assets

    118     4,069     210     (1,863 )   (811 )   1,723
   

Short-term investments

    339     5,034                 5,373  

Separate account assets

    62,944     3,015                 65,959  

Other assets

        486                 486
   

Total

  $ 68,001   $ 257,825   $ 45,430   $ (1,863 ) $ (811 ) $ 368,582
   

Liabilities:

                                     

Policyholder contract deposits

  $   $   $ 387   $   $   $ 387  

Derivative liabilities:

                                     

Interest rate contracts

        3,960     165             4,125  

Foreign exchange contracts

        275                 275  

Equity contracts

        94     1             95  

Commodity contracts

        4                 4  

Credit contracts

            1,561             1,561  

Other contracts

        25     164             189  

Counterparty netting and cash collateral

                (1,863 )   (1,664 )   (3,527 )
   

Total derivative liabilities

        4,358     1,891     (1,863 )   (1,664 )   2,722
   

Long-term debt

        6,538     443             6,981  

Other liabilities

    73     693                 766
   

Total

  $ 73   $ 11,589   $ 2,721   $ (1,863 ) $ (1,664 ) $ 10,856
   

 

   
December 31, 2012
(in millions)
  Level 1
  Level 2
  Level 3
  Counterparty
Netting(a)

  Cash
Collateral(b)

  Total
 
   

Assets:

                                     

Bonds available for sale:

                                     

U.S. government and government sponsored entities

  $   $ 3,483   $   $   $   $ 3,483  

Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions

        34,681     1,024             35,705  

Non-U.S. governments

    1,004     25,782     14             26,800  

Corporate debt

        149,625     1,487             151,112  

RMBS

        22,730     11,662             34,392  

CMBS

        5,010     4,905             9,915  

CDO/ABS

        3,492     5,060             8,552
   

Total bonds available for sale

    1,004     244,803     24,152             269,959
   

Bond trading securities:

                                     

U.S. government and government sponsored entities

    266     6,528                 6,794  

Non-U.S. governments

        2                 2  

Corporate debt

        1,320                 1,320  

RMBS

        1,331     396             1,727  

CMBS

        1,424     803             2,227  

CDO/ABS

        3,969     8,545             12,514
   

Total bond trading securities

    266     14,574     9,744             24,584
   

Equity securities available for sale:

                                     

Common stock

    3,002     3     24             3,029  

Preferred stock

        34     44             78  

Mutual funds

    83     22                 105
   

Total equity securities available for sale

    3,085     59     68             3,212
   

Equity securities trading

    578     84                 662  

Mortgage and other loans receivable

        134                 134  

Other invested assets

    125     1,542     5,389             7,056  

Derivative assets:

                                     

Interest rate contracts

    2     5,521     956             6,479  

Foreign exchange contracts

        104                 104  

Equity contracts

    104     63     54             221  

Commodity contracts

        144     1             145  

Credit contracts

            60             60  

Other contracts

            38             38  

Counterparty netting and cash collateral

                (2,467 )   (909 )   (3,376 )
   

Total derivative assets

    106     5,832     1,109     (2,467 )   (909 )   3,671
   

Short-term investments

    285     7,771                 8,056  

Separate account assets

    54,430     2,907                 57,337  

Other assets

        696                 696
   

Total

  $ 59,879   $ 278,402   $ 40,462   $ (2,467 ) $ (909 ) $ 375,367
   

Liabilities:

                                     

Policyholder contract deposits

  $   $   $ 1,257   $   $   $ 1,257  

Derivative liabilities:

                                     

Interest rate contracts

        5,582     224             5,806  

Foreign exchange contracts

        174                 174  

Equity contracts

        114     7             121  

Commodity contracts

        146                 146  

Credit contracts

            2,051             2,051  

Other contracts

        6     200             206  

Counterparty netting and cash collateral

                (2,467 )   (1,976 )   (4,443 )
   

Total derivative liabilities

        6,022     2,482     (2,467 )   (1,976 )   4,061
   

Long-term debt

        7,711     344             8,055  

Other liabilities

    30     1,050                 1,080
   

Total

  $ 30   $ 14,783   $ 4,083   $ (2,467 ) $ (1,976 ) $ 14,453
   

(a)  Represents netting of derivative exposures covered by a qualifying master netting agreement.

(b)  Represents cash collateral posted and received. Securities collateral posted for derivative transactions that is reflected in Fixed maturity securities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, and collateral received, not reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, was $1.4 billion and $160 million, respectively, at September 30, 2013 and $1.9 billion and $299 million, respectively, at December 31, 2012.

 

Transfers of Level 1 and Level 2 Assets and Liabilities

 

Our policy is to record transfers of assets and liabilities between Level 1 and Level 2 at their fair values as of the end of each reporting period, consistent with the date of the determination of fair value. Assets are transferred out of Level 1 when they are no longer transacted with sufficient frequency and volume in an active market. Conversely, assets are transferred from Level 2 to Level 1 when transaction volume and frequency are indicative of an active market. During the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2013, we transferred $174 million and $731 million of securities issued by Non-U.S. government entities from Level 1 to Level 2, respectively, as they are no longer considered actively traded. For similar reasons, during the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2013, we transferred $263 million and $356 million, respectively, of securities issued by the U.S. government and U.S. government-sponsored entities from Level 1 to Level 2. We had no material transfers from Level 2 to Level 1 during the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2013.

During the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2012, we transferred $148 million and $284 million of investments in securities issued by Non-U.S. governments from Level 1 to Level 2, respectively, as they were no longer considered actively traded. We had no material transfers from Level 2 to Level 1 during the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2012.

 

Changes in Level 3 Recurring Fair Value Measurements

 

The following tables present changes during the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, and the realized and unrealized gains (losses) related to the Level 3 assets and liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2013 and 2012:

 

   
(in millions)
  Fair Value
Beginning
of Period(a)

  Net
Realized and
Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
Included
in Income

  Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)

  Purchases,
Sales,
Issues and
Settlements, Net

  Gross
Transfers
in

  Gross
Transfers
out

  Fair Value
End
of Period

  Changes in
Unrealized Gains
(Losses) Included
in Income on
Instruments Held
at End of Period

 
   

Three Months Ended September 30, 2013

                                                 

Assets:

                                                 

Bonds available for sale:

                                                 

Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions                              

  $ 945   $ 4   $ (28 ) $ 160   $   $ (27 ) $ 1,054   $  

Non-U.S. governments

    20             1             21      

Corporate debt

    1,634     (3 )   5         39     (233 )   1,442      

RMBS

    13,694     216     (60 )   127     167     (58 )   14,086      

CMBS

    5,455     4     55     102             5,616      

CDO/ABS

    6,142     37     (47 )   363     289     (133 )   6,651    
   

Total bonds available for sale

    27,890     258     (75 )   753     495     (451 )   28,870    
   

Bond trading securities:

                                                 

RMBS

    782     14         (8 )   27         815     13  

CMBS

    820     33         (53 )   31         831     29  

CDO/ABS

    8,972     243         (557 )   223         8,881     217
   

Total bond trading securities

    10,574     290         (618 )   281         10,527     259
   

Equity securities available for sale:                              

                                                 

Common stock

    76         (1 )   (48 )           27      

Preferred stock

    48                         48    
   

Total equity securities available for sale

    124         (1 )   (48 )           75    
   

Other invested assets

    5,639     (25 )   78     55     1         5,748    
   

Total

  $ 44,227   $ 523   $ 2   $ 142   $ 777   $ (451 ) $ 45,220   $ 259
   

Liabilities:

                                                 

Policyholder contract deposits

  $ (586 ) $ 250   $   $ (51 ) $   $   $ (387 ) $ 218  

Derivative liabilities, net:

                                                 

Interest rate contracts

    779     6         (912 )           (127 )   3  

Equity contracts

    70     12         (1 )   1         82     10  

Commodity contracts

    1                         1      

Credit contracts

    (1,594 )   52         36             (1,506 )   91  

Other contracts

    (105 )   16     (25 )   (16 )   (1 )       (131 )   8
   

Total derivative liabilities, net

    (849 )   86     (25 )   (893 )           (1,681 )   112
   

Long-term debt(b)

    (419 )   (25 )       1             (443 )   (19 )
   

Total

  $ (1,854 ) $ 311   $ (25 ) $ (943 ) $   $   $ (2,511 ) $ 311
   

 

   
(in millions)
  Fair Value
Beginning
of Period(a)

  Net
Realized and
Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
Included
in Income

  Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)

  Purchases,
Sales,
Issues and
Settlements, Net

  Gross
Transfers
in

  Gross
Transfers
out

  Fair Value
End
of Period

  Changes in
Unrealized Gains
(Losses) Included
in Income on
Instruments Held
at End of Period

 
   

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013

                                                 

Assets:

                                                 

Bonds available for sale:

                                                 

Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions                              

  $ 1,024   $ 29   $ (178 ) $ 365   $   $ (186 ) $ 1,054   $  

Non-U.S. governments

    14             7     1     (1 )   21      

Corporate debt

    1,487     (7 )   (9 )   30     371     (430 )   1,442      

RMBS

    11,662     624     279     1,393     186     (58 )   14,086      

CMBS

    5,124     15     75     290     161     (49 )   5,616      

CDO/ABS

    4,841     134     (47 )   1,383     668     (328 )   6,651    
   

Total bonds available for sale

    24,152     795     120     3,468     1,387     (1,052 )   28,870    
   

Bond trading securities:

                                                 

RMBS

    396     24         130     265         815     (27 )

CMBS

    812     44         (193 )   282     (114 )   831     (13 )

CDO/ABS

    8,536     1,096         (1,566 )   843     (28 )   8,881     434
   

Total bond trading securities

    9,744     1,164         (1,629 )   1,390     (142 )   10,527     394
   

Equity securities available for sale:                              

                                                 

Common stock

    24         4     (1 )           27      

Preferred stock

    44         4                 48    
   

Total equity securities available for sale

    68         8     (1 )           75    
   

Other invested assets

    5,389     144     88     95     345     (313 )   5,748    
   

Total

  $ 39,353   $ 2,103   $ 216   $ 1,933   $ 3,122   $ (1,507 ) $ 45,220   $ 394
   

Liabilities:

                                                 

Policyholder contract deposits

  $ (1,257 ) $ 865   $   $ 5   $   $   $ (387 ) $ 825  

Derivative liabilities, net:

                                                 

Interest rate contracts

    732     20         (879 )           (127 )   33  

Equity contracts

    47     49         (14 )           82     40  

Commodity contracts

    1             (1 )       1     1     (1 )

Credit contracts

    (1,991 )   365         120             (1,506 )   486  

Other contracts

    (162 )   35     (16 )   13     (1 )       (131 )   8
   

Total derivative liabilities, net

    (1,373 )   469     (16 )   (761 )   (1 )   1     (1,681 )   566
   

Long-term debt(b)

    (344 )   (120 )       23     (2 )       (443 )   (41 )
   

Total

  $ (2,974 ) $ 1,214   $ (16 ) $ (733 ) $ (3 ) $ 1   $ (2,511 ) $ 1,350
   

 

   
(in millions)
  Fair value
Beginning
of Period(a)

  Net
Realized and
Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
Included
in Income

  Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)

  Purchases,
Sales,
Issues and
Settlements, Net

  Gross
Transfers
In

  Gross
Transfers
Out

  Fair value
End
of Period

  Changes in
Unrealized Gains
(Losses) Included
in Income on
Instruments Held
at End of Period

 
   

Three Months Ended September 30, 2012

                                                 

Assets:

                                                 

Bonds available for sale:

                                                 

Obligations of states, municipalities

                                                 

and political subdivisions

  $ 1,013   $ 16   $   $ 102   $ 25   $ (52 ) $ 1,104   $  

Non-U.S. governments

    13     1     (1 )   2         (1 )   14      

Corporate debt

    1,306     10     35     94     233     (66 )   1,612      

RMBS

    10,488     197     1,029     (678 )   566     (114 )   11,488      

CMBS

    4,643     (17 )   271     115     1         5,013      

CDO/ABS

    5,074     87     82     (129 )   63     (528 )   4,649    
   

Total bonds available for sale

    22,537     294     1,416     (494 )   888     (761 )   23,880    
   

Bond trading securities:

                                                 

Corporate debt

    3             (1 )           2      

RMBS

    290     40         (56 )   97     (1 )   370     12  

CMBS

    457     (3 )       1     157         612     (19 )

CDO/ABS

    14,647     581         (6,780 )   57         8,505     427
   

Total bond trading securities

    15,397     618         (6,836 )   311     (1 )   9,489     420
   

Equity securities available for sale:

                                                 

Common stock

    41         (1 )               40      

Preferred stock

    139     15     (12 )   (104 )   8     (1 )   45    
   

Total equity securities available for sale

    180     15     (13 )   (104 )   8     (1 )   85    
   

Mortgage and other loans receivable

    1                         1      

Other invested assets

    7,049     22     8     (90 )   126     (45 )   7,070    
   

Total

  $ 45,164   $ 949   $ 1,411   $ (7,524 ) $ 1,333   $ (808 ) $ 40,525   $ 420
   

Liabilities:

                                                 

Policyholder contract deposits

  $ (1,188 ) $ (45 ) $ (72 ) $ (3 ) $   $   $ (1,308 ) $ (100 )

Derivative liabilities, net:

                                                 

Interest rate contracts

    761     (55 )       47             753     (7 )

Equity contracts

    28     18         (4 )   1         43      

Commodity contracts

    2     4         (3 )       (2 )   1      

Credit contracts

    (2,587 )   208         89             (2,290 )   238  

Other contracts

    (154 )   (122 )   (6 )   73     16         (193 )   (17 )
   

Total derivatives liabilities, net

    (1,950 )   53     (6 )   202     17     (2 )   (1,686 )   214
   

Long-term debt(b)

    (407 )   (27 )       61     (34 )       (407 )   (25 )
   

Total

  $ (3,545 ) $ (19 ) $ (78 ) $ 260   $ (17 ) $ (2 ) $ (3,401 ) $ 89
   

 

   
(in millions)
  Fair value
Beginning
of Period(a)

  Net
Realized and
Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
Included
in Income

  Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)

  Purchases,
Sales,
Issues and
Settlements, Net

  Gross
Transfers
In

  Gross
Transfers
Out

  Fair value
End
of Period

  Changes in
Unrealized Gains
(Losses) Included
in Income on
Instruments Held
at End of Period

 
   

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012

                                                 

Assets:

                                                 

Bonds available for sale:

                                                 

Obligations of states, municipalities

                                                 

and political subdivisions

  $ 960   $ 48   $ 11   $ 139   $ 70   $ (124 ) $ 1,104   $  

Non-U.S. governments

    9     1             5     (1 )   14      

Corporate debt

    1,935     (7 )   104     96     579     (1,095 )   1,612      

RMBS

    10,877     322     1,832     32     921     (2,496 )   11,488      

CMBS

    3,955     (84 )   572     618     44     (92 )   5,013      

CDO/ABS

    4,220     127     348     (150 )   669     (565 )   4,649    
   

Total bonds available for sale

    21,956     407     2,867     735     2,288     (4,373 )   23,880    
   

Bond trading securities:

                                                 

Corporate debt

    7             (5 )           2      

RMBS

    303     68         (94 )   97     (4 )   370     18  

CMBS

    554     46         (121 )   193     (60 )   612     45  

CDO/ABS

    8,432     3,646         (3,630 )   57         8,505     2,635
   

Total bond trading securities

    9,296     3,760         (3,850 )   347     (64 )   9,489     2,698
   

Equity securities available for sale:

                                                 

Common stock

    57     23     (13 )   (33 )   6         40      

Preferred stock

    99     17     (35 )   (35 )   11     (12 )   45    
   

Total equity securities available for sale

    156     40     (48 )   (68 )   17     (12 )   85    
   

Mortgage and other loans receivable

    1                         1      

Other invested assets

    6,618     (157 )   284     (57 )   886     (504 )   7,070    
   

Total

  $ 38,027   $ 4,050   $ 3,103   $ (3,240 ) $ 3,538   $ (4,953 ) $ 40,525   $ 2,698
   

Liabilities:

                                                 

Policyholder contract deposits

  $ (918 ) $ (314 ) $ (72 ) $ (4 ) $   $   $ (1,308 ) $ (325 )

Derivative liabilities, net:

                                                 

Interest rate contracts

    785     (9 )       (23 )           753     12  

Foreign exchange contracts

    2             (2 )                

Equity contracts

    28     7         9     (1 )       43      

Commodity contracts

    2     4         (5 )           1      

Credit contracts

    (3,273 )   409         574             (2,290 )   876  

Other contracts

    33     (110 )   (4 )   (5 )   (107 )       (193 )   (29 )
   

Total derivatives liabilities, net

    (2,423 )   301     (4 )   548     (108 )       (1,686 )   859
   

Long-term debt(b)

    (508 )   (405 )   (77 )   197     (34 )   420     (407 )   (223 )
   

Total

  $ (3,849 ) $ (418 ) $ (153 ) $ 741   $ (142 ) $ 420   $ (3,401 ) $ 311
   

(a)  Total Level 3 derivative exposures have been netted in these tables for presentation purposes only.

(b)  Includes guaranteed investment agreements (GIAs), notes, bonds, loans and mortgages payable.

Net realized and unrealized gains and losses related to Level 3 items shown above are reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income as follows:

 

   
(in millions)
  Net
Investment
Income

  Net Realized
Capital
Gains (Losses)

  Other
Income

  Total
 
   

Three Months Ended September 30, 2013

                         

Bonds available for sale

  $ 264   $ (21 ) $ 15   $ 258  

Bond trading securities

    86     7     197     290  

Equity securities available for sale

                 

Other invested assets

    (12 )   (5 )   (8 )   (25 )

Policyholder contract deposits                         

        250         250  

Derivative liabilities, net

    11     8     67     86  

Long-term debt

            (25 )   (25 )
   

Three Months Ended September 30, 2012

                         

Bonds available for sale

  $ 218   $ 51   $ 25   $ 294  

Bond trading securities

    491         127     618  

Equity securities available for sale

        15         15  

Other invested assets

    6     (16 )   32     22  

Policyholder contract deposits

        (45 )       (45 )

Derivative liabilities, net

        (39 )   92     53  

Long-term debt

            (27 )   (27 )
   

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013

                         

Bonds available for sale

  $ 713   $ (8 ) $ 90   $ 795  

Bond trading securities

    114     8     1,042     1,164  

Equity securities available for sale

                 

Other invested assets

    142     (34 )   36     144  

Policyholder contract deposits                         

        865         865  

Derivative liabilities, net

    26     25     418     469  

Long-term debt

            (120 )   (120 )
   

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012

                         

Bonds available for sale

  $ 683   $ (333 ) $ 57   $ 407  

Bond trading securities

    3,330         430     3,760  

Equity securities available for sale

        40         40  

Other invested assets

    (3 )   (189 )   35     (157 )

Policyholder contract deposits

        (314 )       (314 )

Derivative liabilities, net

    (1 )   22     280     301  

Long-term debt

            (405 )   (405 )
   

The following tables present the gross components of purchases, sales, issues and settlements, net, shown above:

 

   
(in millions)
  Purchases
  Sales
  Settlements
  Purchases,
Sales, Issues and
Settlements, Net(a)

 
   

Three Months Ended September 30, 2013

                         

Assets:

                         

Bonds available for sale:

                         

Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions

  $ 194   $ (34 ) $   $ 160  

Non-U.S. governments

    1             1  

Corporate debt

    146         (146 )    

RMBS

    750         (623 )   127  

CMBS

    179     (3 )   (74 )   102  

CDO/ABS

    628         (265 )   363
   

Total bonds available for sale

    1,898     (37 )   (1,108 )   753
   

Bond trading securities:

                         

RMBS

    31     (12 )   (27 )   (8 )

CMBS

        (9 )   (44 )   (53 )

CDO/ABS

        (66 )   (491 )   (557 )
   

Total bond trading securities

    31     (87 )   (562 )   (618 )
   

Equity securities available for sale

            (48 )   (48 )

Other invested assets

    249     (3 )   (191 )   55
   

Total assets

  $ 2,178   $ (127 ) $ (1,909 ) $ 142
   

Liabilities:

                         

Policyholder contract deposits                          

  $   $ (4 ) $ (47 ) $ (51 )

Derivative liabilities, net

    4         (897 )   (893 )

Long-term debt(b)

            1     1
   

Total liabilities

  $ 4   $ (4 ) $ (943 ) $ (943 )
   

Three Months Ended September 30, 2012

                         

Assets:

                         

Bonds available for sale:

                         

Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions

  $ 189   $ (53 ) $ (34 ) $ 102  

Non-U.S. governments

    3         (1 )   2  

Corporate debt

    139     (6 )   (39 )   94  

RMBS

    198     (360 )   (516 )   (678 )

CMBS

    299     (127 )   (57 )   115  

CDO/ABS

    210         (339 )   (129 )
   

Total bonds available for sale

    1,038     (546 )   (986 )   (494 )
   

Bond trading securities:

                         

Corporate debt

            (1 )   (1 )

RMBS

        (45 )   (11 )   (56 )

CMBS

    11         (10 )   1  

CDO/ABS

    2,191     (6 )   (8,965 )   (6,780 )
   

Total bond trading securities

    2,202     (51 )   (8,987 )   (6,836 )
   

Equity securities available for sale

        (22 )   (82 )   (104 )

Other invested assets

    129     (30 )   (189 )   (90 )
   

Total assets

  $ 3,369   $ (649 ) $ (10,244 ) $ (7,524 )
   

Liabilities:

                         

Policyholder contract deposits

  $   $ (6 ) $ 3   $ (3 )

Derivative liabilities, net

    6         196     202  

Long-term debt(b)

            61     61
   

Total liabilities

  $ 6   $ (6 ) $ 260   $ 260
   


 

   
(in millions)
  Purchases
  Sales
  Settlements
  Purchases,
Sales, Issues and
Settlements, Net(a)

 
   

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013

                         

Assets:

                         

Bonds available for sale:

                         

Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions

  $ 502   $ (137 ) $   $ 365  

Non-U.S. governments

    9         (2 )   7  

Corporate debt

    454     (114 )   (310 )   30  

RMBS

    3,462     (231 )   (1,838 )   1,393  

CMBS

    872     (167 )   (415 )   290  

CDO/ABS

    2,099     (159 )   (557 )   1,383
   

Total bonds available for sale

    7,398     (808 )   (3,122 )   3,468
   

Bond trading securities:

                         

RMBS

    244     (12 )   (102 )   130  

CMBS

    19     (67 )   (145 )   (193 )

CDO/ABS

    318     (66 )   (1,818 )   (1,566 )
   

Total bond trading securities

    581     (145 )   (2,065 )   (1,629 )
   

Equity securities available for sale

    58     (11 )   (48 )   (1 )

Other invested assets

    697     (49 )   (553 )   95
   

Total assets

  $ 8,734   $ (1,013 ) $ (5,788 ) $ 1,933
   

Liabilities:

                         

Policyholder contract deposits                          

  $   $ (16 ) $ 21   $ 5  

Derivative liabilities, net

    9     (1 )   (769 )   (761 )

Long-term debt(b)

            23     23
   

Total liabilities

  $ 9   $ (17 ) $ (725 ) $ (733 )
   

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012

                         

Assets:

                         

Bonds available for sale:

                         

Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions

  $ 394   $ (219 ) $ (36 ) $ 139  

Non-U.S. governments

    4     (3 )   (1 )    

Corporate debt

    280     (59 )   (125 )   96  

RMBS

    2,308     (722 )   (1,554 )   32  

CMBS

    1,021     (260 )   (143 )   618  

CDO/ABS

    730     (4 )   (876 )   (150 )
   

Total bonds available for sale

    4,737     (1,267 )   (2,735 )   735
   

Bond trading securities:

                         

Corporate debt

            (5 )   (5 )

RMBS

        (45 )   (49 )   (94 )

CMBS

    194     (106 )   (209 )   (121 )

CDO/ABS

    7,216     (6 )   (10,840 )   (3,630 )
   

Total bond trading securities

    7,410     (157 )   (11,103 )   (3,850 )
   

Equity securities available for sale

    67     (55 )   (80 )   (68 )

Other invested assets

    529     (63 )   (523 )   (57 )
   

Total assets

  $ 12,743   $ (1,542 ) $ (14,441 ) $ (3,240 )
   

Liabilities:

                         

Policyholder contract deposits

  $   $ (20 ) $ 16   $ (4 )

Derivative liabilities, net

    8         540     548  

Long-term debt(b)

            197     197
   

Total liabilities

  $ 8   $ (20 ) $ 753   $ 741
   

(a)  There were no issuances during the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2013 and 2012.

(b)  Includes GIAs, notes, bonds, loans and mortgages payable.

Both observable and unobservable inputs may be used to determine the fair values of positions classified in Level 3 in the tables above. As a result, the unrealized gains (losses) on instruments held at September 30, 2013 and 2012 may include changes in fair value that were attributable to both observable (e.g., changes in market interest rates) and unobservable inputs (e.g., changes in unobservable long-dated volatilities).

Transfers of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities

 

We record transfers of assets and liabilities into or out of Level 3 at their fair values as of the end of each reporting period, consistent with the date of the determination of fair value. As a result, the Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in income or other comprehensive income as shown in the table above excludes $43 million of net gains and $12 million of net losses related to assets and liabilities transferred into Level 3 during the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2013, respectively, and includes $18 million and $30 million of net gains related to assets and liabilities transferred out of Level 3 during the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2013, respectively.

Transfers of Level 3 Assets

During the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2013, transfers into Level 3 assets included certain investments in private placement corporate debt, residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS), commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS), collateralized debt obligations (CDO)/asset-backed securities (ABS), and investments in hedge funds and private equity funds.

The transfers of investments in RMBS, CMBS and CDO and certain ABS into Level 3 assets were due to decreases in market transparency and liquidity for individual security types.

Transfers of private placement corporate debt and certain ABS into Level 3 assets were primarily the result of limited market pricing information that required us to determine fair value for these securities based on inputs that are adjusted to better reflect our own assumptions regarding the characteristics of a specific security or associated market liquidity.

Certain investments in hedge funds were transferred into Level 3 as a result of limited market activity due to fund-imposed redemption restrictions.

Certain private equity fund investments were transferred into Level 3 due to these investments being carried at fair value and no longer being accounted for using the equity method of accounting, consistent with the changes in our ownership and the lack of ability to exercise more than minor influence over the respective investments.

Assets are transferred out of Level 3 when circumstances change such that significant inputs can be corroborated with market observable data. This may be due to a significant increase in market activity for the asset, a specific event, one or more significant input(s) becoming observable or a long-term interest rate significant to a valuation becoming short-term and thus observable. In addition, transfers out of Level 3 assets also occur when investments are no longer carried at fair value as the result of a change in the applicable accounting methodology, given changes in the nature and extent of our ownership interest.

During the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2013, transfers out of Level 3 assets primarily related to certain investments in municipal securities, private placement corporate debt, CMBS, CDO/ABS and investments in hedge funds.

Transfers of certain investments in municipal securities, CMBS and CDO/ABS out of Level 3 assets were based on consideration of market liquidity as well as related transparency of pricing and associated observable inputs for these investments.

Transfers of private placement corporate debt and certain ABS out of Level 3 assets were primarily the result of using observable pricing information that reflects the fair value of those securities without the need for adjustment based on our own assumptions regarding the characteristics of a specific security or the current liquidity in the market.

The removal or easing of fund-imposed redemption restrictions resulted in the transfer of certain hedge fund investments out of Level 3 assets.

Transfers of Level 3 Liabilities

There were no significant transfers of derivative or other liabilities into or out of Level 3 for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2013.

We use various hedging techniques to manage risks associated with certain positions, including those classified within Level 3. Such techniques may include the purchase or sale of financial instruments that are classified within Level 1 and/or Level 2. As a result, the realized and unrealized gains (losses) for assets and liabilities classified within Level 3 presented in the table above do not reflect the related realized or unrealized gains (losses) on hedging instruments that are classified within Level 1 and/or Level 2.

 

Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

 

The table below presents information about the significant unobservable inputs used for recurring fair value measurements for certain Level 3 instruments, and includes only those instruments for which information about the inputs is reasonably available to us, such as data from pricing vendors and from internal valuation models. Because input information with respect to certain Level 3 instruments may not be reasonably available to us, balances shown below may not equal total amounts reported for such Level 3 assets and liabilities:

 

 
(in millions)
 

Fair Value at
September 30,
2013

  Valuation
Technique

  Unobservable Input(a)
  Range
(Weighted Average)(a)

 

Assets:

 
 
 
         
   
 
 
         

Corporate debt

 
$
1,082
Discounted cash flow   Yield(b)   4.20% – 10.58% (7.39%)
   
 
 
         

RMBS

 
 
13,752
Discounted cash flow   Constant prepayment rate(c)   0.00% – 9.94% (4.59%)

 

 
 
 
    Loss severity(c)   42.05% – 79.27% (60.66%)

 

 
 
 
    Constant default rate(c)   3.91% – 12.51% (8.21%)

 

 
 
 
    Yield(c)   2.80% – 7.74% (5.27%)
   
 
 
         

Certain CDO/ABS

 
 
5,421
Discounted cash flow   Constant prepayment rate(c)   5.30% – 13.10% (9.30%)

 

 
 
 
    Loss severity(c)   43.00% – 64.80% (54.00%)

 

 
 
 
    Constant default rate(c)   3.40% – 15.70% (8.50%)

 

 
 
 
    Yield(c)   5.40% – 12.00% (9.80%)
   
 
 
         

CMBS

 
 
6,244
Discounted cash flow   Yield(b)   0.00% – 14.10% (5.63%)
   
 
 
         

CDO/ABS — Direct

 
 
 
Binomial Expansion   Recovery rate(b)   5.00% – 63.00% (24.00%)

Investment Book

 
 
559
Technique (BET)   Diversity score(b)   5 – 36 (13)

 

 
 
 
    Weighted average life(b)   1.00 – 9.47 years (4.91 years)
 

Liabilities:

 
 
 
         
   
 
 
         

Policyholder contract deposits — GMWB

 
 
387
Discounted cash flow   Equity implied volatility(b)   6.00% – 39.00%

 

 
 
 
    Base lapse rate(b)   1.00% – 40.00%

 

 
 
 
    Dynamic lapse rate(b)   0.20% – 60.00%

 

 
 
 
    Mortality rate(b)   0.50% – 40.00%

 

 
 
 
    Utilization rate(b)   0.50% – 25.00%
   
 
 
         

Derivative Liabilities — Credit contracts

 
 
1,123
BET   Recovery rate(b)   5.00% – 34.00% (17.00%)

 

 
 
 
    Diversity score(b)   9 – 36 (13)

 

 
 
 
    Weighted average life(b)   4.68 – 9.47 years (5.76 years)
 


 

 

(in millions)
  Fair Value at
December 31,
2012

  Valuation
Technique

  Unobservable Input(a)
  Range
(Weighted Average)(a)

 

Assets:

                 
                   

Corporate debt

  $ 775   Discounted cash flow   Yield(b)   0.08% – 6.55% (3.31%)
                   

RMBS

    10,650   Discounted cash flow   Constant prepayment rate(c)   0.00% – 10.76% (5.03%)

 

            Loss severity(c)   43.70% – 78.72% (61.21%)

 

            Constant default rate(c)   4.21% – 13.30% (8.75%)

 

            Yield(c)   2.23% – 9.42% (5.82%)
                   

Certain CDO/ABS(d)

    7,844   Discounted cash flow   Constant prepayment rate(c)   0.00% – 32.25% (11.82%)

 

            Loss severity(c)   0.00% – 29.38% (6.36%)

 

            Constant default rate(c)   0.00% – 4.05% (1.18%)

 

            Yield(c)   5.41% – 10.67% (8.04%)
                   

CMBS

    3,251   Discounted cash flow   Yield(b)   0.00% – 19.95% (7.76%)
                   

CDO/ABS — Direct

        Binomial Expansion   Recovery rate(b)   3.00% – 63.00% (27.00%)

Investment Book

    1,205   Technique (BET)   Diversity score(b)   4 – 44 (13)

 

            Weighted average life(b)   1.27 – 9.11 years (4.91 years)
 

Liabilities:

                 
                   

Policyholder contract deposits — GMWB

    1,257   Discounted cash flow   Equity implied volatility(b)   6.00% – 39.00%

 

            Base lapse rate(b)   1.00% – 40.00%

 

            Dynamic lapse rate(b)   0.20% – 60.00%

 

            Mortality rate(b)   0.50% – 40.00%

 

            Utilization rate(b)   0.50% – 25.00%
                   

Derivative Liabilities — Credit contracts

    1,436   BET   Recovery rate(b)   3.00% – 37.00% (17.00%)

 

            Diversity score(b)   9 – 38 (14)

 

            Weighted average life(b)   5.10 – 8.45 years (5.75 years)
 

(a)  The unobservable inputs and ranges for the constant prepayment rate, loss severity and constant default rate relate to each of the individual underlying mortgage loans that comprise the entire portfolio of securities in the RMBS and CDO securitization vehicles and not necessarily to the securitization vehicle bonds (tranches) purchased by us. The ranges of these inputs do not directly correlate to changes in the fair values of the tranches purchased by us because there are other factors relevant to the specific tranches owned by us including, but not limited to, purchase price, position in the waterfall, senior versus subordinated position and attachment points.

(b)  Represents discount rates, estimates and assumptions that we believe would be used by market participants when valuing these assets and liabilities.

(c)  Information received from independent third-party valuation service providers.

(d)  Yield was the only input available for $6.6 billion of total fair value at December 31, 2012.

The ranges of reported inputs for Corporate debt, RMBS, CDO/ABS, and CMBS valued using a discounted cash flow technique consist of plus/minus one standard deviation in either direction from the value-weighted average. The preceding table does not give effect to our risk management practices that might offset risks inherent in these investments.

Sensitivity to Changes in Unobservable Inputs

 

We consider unobservable inputs to be those for which market data is not available and that are developed using the best information available to us about the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. Relevant inputs vary depending on the nature of the instrument being measured at fair value. The following is a general description of sensitivities of significant unobservable inputs along with interrelationships between and among the significant unobservable inputs and their impact on the fair value measurements. The effect of a change in a particular assumption in the sensitivity analysis below is considered independently of changes in any other assumptions. In practice, simultaneous changes in assumptions may not always have a linear effect on the inputs. Interrelationships may also exist between observable and unobservable inputs. Such relationships have not been included in the discussion below. For each of the individual relationships described below, the inverse relationship would also generally apply.

Corporate Debt

 

Corporate debt securities included in Level 3 are primarily private placement issuances that are not traded in active markets or that are subject to transfer restrictions. Fair value measurements consider illiquidity and non-transferability. When observable price quotations are not available, fair value is determined based on discounted cash flow models using discount rates based on credit spreads, yields or price levels of publicly-traded debt of the issuer or other comparable securities, considering illiquidity and structure. The significant unobservable input used in the fair value measurement of corporate debt is the yield. The yield is affected by the market movements in credit spreads and U.S. Treasury yields. In addition, the migration in credit quality of a given security generally has a corresponding effect on the fair value measurement of the securities. For example, a downward migration of credit quality would increase spreads. Holding U.S. Treasury rates constant, an increase in corporate credit spreads would decrease the fair value of corporate debt.

RMBS and Certain CDO/ABS

 

The significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurements of RMBS and certain CDO/ABS valued by third-party valuation service providers are constant prepayment rates (CPR), loss severity, constant default rates (CDR), and yield. A change in the assumptions used for the probability of default will generally be accompanied by a corresponding change in the assumption used for the loss severity and an inverse change in the assumption used for prepayment rates. In general, increases in CPR, loss severity, CDR, and yield, in isolation, would result in a decrease in the fair value measurement. Changes in fair value based on variations in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship between the directional change of each input is not usually linear.

CMBS

 

The significant unobservable input used in fair value measurements for CMBS is the yield. Prepayment assumptions for each mortgage pool are factored into the yield. CMBS generally feature a lower degree of prepayment risk than RMBS because commercial mortgages generally contain a penalty for prepayment. In general, increases in the yield would decrease the fair value of CMBS.

CDO/ABS — Direct Investment book

 

The significant unobservable inputs used for certain CDO/ABS securities valued using the BET are recovery rates, diversity score, and the weighted average life of the portfolio. An increase in recovery rates and diversity score will have a directionally similar corresponding impact on the fair value of the portfolio. An increase in the weighted average life will decrease the fair value.

Policyholder contract deposits

 

The significant unobservable inputs used for embedded derivatives in policyholder contract deposits measured at fair value, mainly guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits (GMWB) for variable annuity products, are equity implied volatility, base and dynamic lapse rates, mortality rates and utilization rates. Lapse, mortality, and utilization rates may vary significantly depending upon age groups and duration. In general, increases in volatility and utilization rates will increase the fair value of the liability associated with GMWB, while increases in lapse rates and mortality rates will decrease the fair value of the liability.

Derivative liabilities — credit contracts

 

The significant unobservable inputs used for Derivatives liabilities — credit contracts are recovery rates, diversity scores, and the weighted average life of the portfolio. Our non-performance risk is also considered in the measurement of those liabilities. See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2012 Annual Report for a discussion of our accounting policies and procedures regarding incorporation of our credit risk in fair value measurements.

An increase in recovery rates and diversity score will decrease the fair value of the liability. An increase in the weighted average life will increase the fair value measurement of the liability.

 

Investments in Certain Entities Carried at Fair Value Using Net Asset Value Per Share

 

The following table includes information related to our investments in certain other invested assets, including private equity funds, hedge funds and other alternative investments that calculate net asset value per share (or its equivalent). For these investments, which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, we use the net asset value per share as a practical expedient to measure fair value.

 

     
   
   
  September 30, 2013   December 31, 2012  
  (in millions)
  Investment Category Includes
 

Fair Value
Using Net
Asset Value
Per Share (or
its equivalent)

 

Unfunded
Commitments

  Fair Value
Using Net
Asset Value
Per Share (or
its equivalent)

  Unfunded
Commitments

 
     
 

Investment Category

     
 
 
 
 
 
 
           
 

Private equity funds:

     
 
 
 
 
 
 
           
 

Leveraged buyout

  Debt and/or equity investments made as part of a transaction in which assets of mature companies are acquired from the current shareholders, typically with the use of financial leverage  
$
2,654
 
$
605
 
$ 2,529   $ 669  
         
 
 
 
 
 
 
           
 

Real Estate / Infrastructure

  Investments in real estate properties and infrastructure positions, including power plants and other energy generating facilities  
 
337
 
 
74
 
  251     52  
         
 
 
 
 
 
 
           
 

Venture capital

  Early-stage, high-potential, growth companies expected to generate a return through an eventual realization event, such as an initial public offering or sale of the company  
 
141
 
 
13
 
  157     16  
         
 
 
 
 
 
 
           
 

Distressed

  Securities of companies that are already in default, under bankruptcy protection, or troubled  
 
190
 
 
39
 
  184     36  
         
 
 
 
 
 
 
           
 

Other

  Includes multi-strategy and mezzanine strategies  
 
134
 
 
229
 
  112     100
   
 

Total private equity funds

     
 
3,456
 
 
960
 
  3,233     873
   
 

Hedge funds:

     
 
 
 
 
 
 
           
 

Event-driven

  Securities of companies undergoing material structural changes, including mergers, acquisitions and other reorganizations  
 
937
 
 
2
 
  788     2  
         
 
 
 
 
 
 
           
 

Long-short

  Securities that the manager believes are undervalued, with corresponding short positions to hedge market risk  
 
1,548
 
 
 
  1,318      
         
 
 
 
 
 
 
           
 

Macro

  Investments that take long and short positions in financial instruments based on a top-down view of certain economic and capital market conditions  
 
515
 
 
 
  320      
         
 
 
 
 
 
 
           
 

Distressed

  Securities of companies that are already in default, under bankruptcy protection or troubled  
 
525
 
 
18
 
  316      
         
 
 
 
 
 
 
           
 

Emerging markets

  Investments in the financial markets of developing countries  
 
245
 
 
 
       
         
 
 
 
 
 
 
           
 

Other

  Includes multi-strategy and relative value strategies  
 
86
 
 
 
  66    
   
 

Total hedge funds

     
 
3,856
 
 
20
 
  2,808     2
   
 

Total

     
$
7,312
 
$
980
 
$ 6,041   $ 875
   

Private equity fund investments included above are not redeemable, as distributions from the funds will be received when underlying investments of the funds are liquidated. Private equity funds are generally expected to have 10-year lives at their inception, but these lives may be extended at the fund manager's discretion, typically in one or two-year increments. At September 30, 2013, assuming average original expected lives of 10 years for the funds, 64 percent of the total fair value using net asset value per share (or its equivalent) presented above would have expected remaining lives of less than three years, 33 percent between three and seven years and 3 percent between seven and 10 years.

Generally, the hedge fund investments included above are redeemable monthly (13 percent), quarterly (44 percent), semi-annually (22 percent) and annually (21 percent), with redemption notices ranging from one day to 180 days. At September 30, 2013, however, investments representing approximately 71 percent of the total fair value of the hedge fund investments cannot be currently redeemed, either in whole or in part, because the investments include various contractual restrictions. The majority of these contractual restrictions, which may have been put in place at a fund's inception or thereafter, have pre-defined end dates and are generally expected to be lifted by the end of 2015. The restrictions that do not have stated end dates were primarily put in place prior to 2009. The fund investments for which redemption is restricted only in part generally relate to certain hedge funds that hold at least one investment that the fund manager deems to be illiquid.

 

Fair Value Option

 

The following table presents the gains or losses recorded related to the eligible instruments for which we elected the fair value option:

 

   
 
  Gain (Loss) Three Months
Ended September 30,
  Gain (Loss) Nine Months
Ended September 30,
 
(in millions)
 

2013

  2012
 

2013

  2012
 
   

Assets:

 
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
     

Mortgage and other loans receivable

 
$
1
 
$ 10  
$
3
 
$ 41  

Bonds and equity securities

 
 
331
 
  875  
 
963
 
  1,782  

Trading — ML II interest

 
 
 
   
 
 
  246  

Trading — ML III interest

 
 
 
  330  
 
 
  2,888  

Retained interest in AIA

 
 
 
  527  
 
 
  1,829  

Alternative Investments(a)

 
 
23
 
  11  
 
229
 
  11  

Other, including Short-term investments

 
 
3
 
  3  
 
8
 
  16
   

Liabilities:

 
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
     

Long-term debt(b)

 
 
(51
)
  (86 )
 
271
 
  (750 )

Other liabilities

 
 
(4
)
  (9 )
 
(10
)
  (31 )
   

Total gain (loss)(c)

 
$
303
 
$ 1,661  
$
1,464
 
$ 6,032
   

(a)  Includes hedge funds, private equity funds, affordable housing partnerships and other investment partnerships.

(b)  Includes GIAs, notes, bonds, loans and mortgages payable.

(c)  Excludes discontinued operations.

See Notes 6 and 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2012 Annual Report for additional information about our policies for electing the fair value option and for recognizing, measuring, and disclosing interest and dividend income and interest expense.

We recognized losses of $22 million and $37 million during the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2013, respectively, and losses of $126 million and $621 million during the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2012, respectively, attributable to the observable effect of changes in credit spreads on our own liabilities for which the fair value option was elected. We calculate the effect of these credit spread changes using discounted cash flow techniques that incorporate current market interest rates, our observable credit spreads on these liabilities and other factors that mitigate the risk of nonperformance such as cash collateral posted.

The following table presents the difference between fair values and the aggregate contractual principal amounts of mortgage and other loans receivable and long-term debt for which the fair value option was elected:

 

   
 
  September 30, 2013   December 31, 2012  
(in millions)
 

Fair Value

 

Outstanding
Principal Amount

 

Difference

  Fair Value
  Outstanding
Principal Amount

  Difference
 
   

Assets:

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                 

Mortgage and other loans receivable

 
$
 
$
 
$
 
$ 134   $ 141   $ (7 )

Liabilities:

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                 

Long-term debt*

 
$
6,981
 
$
5,374
 
$
1,607
 
$ 8,055   $ 5,705   $ 2,350
   

*     Includes GIAs, notes, bonds, loans and mortgages payable.

There were no mortgage or other loans receivable for which the fair value option was elected that were 90 days or more past due or in non-accrual status at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

 

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS ON A NON-RECURRING BASIS

 

The following table presents assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at the time of impairment and the related impairment charges recorded during the periods presented:

 

   
 
   
   
   
   
  Impairment Charges  
 
  Assets at Fair Value  
 
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
 
  Non-Recurring Basis  
(in millions)
 

Level 1

 

Level 2

 

Level 3

 

Total

  2013
  2012
  2013
  2012
 
   

September 30, 2013

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
               

Alternative investments

$
 
$
 
$
1,798
 
$
1,798
$ 66   $ 97   $ 225   $ 273  

Other assets

 
 
 
10
 
 
31
 
 
41
2       26     9
   

Total

$
 
$
10
 
$
1,829
 
$
1,839
$ 68   $ 97   $ 251   $ 282
   

December 31, 2012

                                                 

Alternative investments

 
$
$
$
2,062
$
2,062
                       

Other assets

 
3
18
21
                     
   

Total

 
$
$
3
$
2,080
$
2,083
                     
   

 

FAIR VALUE INFORMATION ABOUT FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS NOT MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE

 

The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of our financial instruments not measured at fair value and indicates the level in the fair value hierarchy of the estimated fair value measurement based on the observability of the inputs used:

 

   
 
  Estimated Fair Value   Carrying
 
(in millions)
  Level 1
  Level 2
  Level 3
  Total
  Value
 
   

September 30, 2013

                               

Assets:

                               

Mortgage and other loans receivable

  $   $ 618   $ 20,170   $ 20,788   $ 19,707  

Other invested assets

        59     3,912     3,971     4,932  

Short-term investments

        17,084         17,084     17,084  

Cash

    2,058             2,058     2,058  

Liabilities:

                               

Policyholder contract deposits associated with investment-type contracts

        202     113,828     114,030     104,734  

Other liabilities

        5,080     531     5,611     5,613  

Long-term debt

        36,785     2,104     38,889     35,250
   

December 31, 2012

                               

Assets:

                               

Mortgage and other loans receivable

  $   $ 823   $ 19,396   $ 20,219   $ 19,348  

Other invested assets

        237     3,521     3,758     4,932  

Short-term investments

        20,752         20,752     20,752  

Cash

    1,151               1,151     1,151  

Liabilities:

                               

Policyholder contract deposits associated with investment-type contracts

        245     123,860     124,105     105,979  

Other liabilities

        3,981     818     4,799     4,800  

Long-term debt

        43,966     1,925     45,891     40,445