Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

16. Income Taxes

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

We file a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return with our eligible U.S. subsidiaries. Income earned by subsidiaries operating outside the U.S. is taxed, and income tax expense is recorded, based on applicable U.S. and foreign laws.

We consider our foreign earnings with respect to certain operations in Canada, South Africa, Japan, Latin America, Bermuda as well as the European, Asia Pacific and Middle East regions to be indefinitely reinvested. These earnings relate to ongoing operations and have been reinvested in active business operations. A deferred tax liability has not been recorded for those foreign subsidiaries whose earnings are considered to be indefinitely reinvested. If recorded, such deferred tax liability would not be material to our consolidated financial condition. Deferred taxes, if necessary, have been provided on earnings of non-U.S. affiliates whose earnings are not indefinitely reinvested.

INTERIM TAX CALCULATION METHOD

We use the estimated annual effective tax rate method in computing our interim tax provision. Certain items, including those deemed to be unusual, infrequent or that cannot be reliably estimated, are excluded from the estimated annual effective tax rate. In these cases, the actual tax expense or benefit is reported in the same period as the related item. Certain tax effects are also not reflected in the estimated annual effective tax rate, primarily certain changes in uncertain tax positions and realizability of deferred tax assets and are recorded in the period in which the change occurs.

INTERIM TAX EXPENSE (BENEFIT)

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, the effective tax rate on income from continuing operations was 27.3 percent. The effective tax rate on income from continuing operations differs from the statutory tax rate of 21 percent primarily due to tax charges associated with the effect of foreign operations, certain non-deductible expenses and state and local income taxes, partially offset by tax benefits related to closure of tax audits in Germany and California, and excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation payments recorded through the income statement. The effect of foreign operations is primarily related to income of our foreign operations taxed at statutory tax rates higher than 21 percent, other foreign taxes, and foreign income subject to U.S. taxation.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the effective tax rate on income from continuing operations was 24.7 percent. The effective tax rate on income from continuing operations differs from the statutory tax rate of 21 percent primarily due to tax charges associated with the effect of foreign operations, state and local income taxes and certain non-deductible expenses. These tax charges were partially offset by tax benefits related to tax exempt income and the excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation payments recorded through the income statement. The effect of foreign operations is primarily related to income of our foreign operations taxed at statutory tax rates higher than 21 percent, other foreign taxes, and foreign income subject to U.S. taxation.

ASSESSMENT OF DEFERRED TAX ASSET VALUATION ALLOWANCE

The evaluation of the recoverability of our deferred tax asset and the need for a valuation allowance requires us to weigh all positive and negative evidence to reach a conclusion that it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. The weight given to the evidence is commensurate with the extent to which it can be objectively verified. The more negative evidence that exists, the more positive evidence is necessary and the more difficult it is to support a conclusion that a valuation allowance is not needed.

During the first quarter, taxable income projections were updated to reflect the latest projections of income for our insurance and non-insurance companies, and projections of taxable income generated from prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. Given there is a shorter carryforward period to utilize remaining net operating losses, we continue to consider multiple data points and stresses. Additionally, significant market volatility continues to impact actual and projected results of our business operations as well as our views on potential effectiveness of certain prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. In order to demonstrate the predictability and sufficiency of future taxable income necessary to support the realizability of the net operating losses and foreign tax credit carryforwards, we have considered forecasts of future income for each of our businesses, including assumptions about future macroeconomic and AIG-specific conditions and events, and any impact these conditions and events may have on our prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. We also subjected the forecasts to a variety of stresses of key assumptions and evaluated the effect on tax attribute utilization.

After factoring in multiple data points and assessing the relative weight of all positive and negative evidence, we concluded that a valuation allowance of $300 million should remain on a portion of AIG's U.S. federal consolidated income tax group tax attribute carryforwards that are not more likely than not to be realized. Accordingly, during the three months ended March 31, 2025, we recorded no change in valuation allowance.

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, recent changes in market conditions, including changes in interest rates, impacted the unrealized tax gains and losses in the available for sale securities portfolios of our general insurance and non-insurance companies, resulting in a decrease to deferred tax assets related to net unrealized tax capital losses. The deferred tax assets relate to the unrealized tax capital losses for which the carryforward period has not yet begun. As of March 31, 2025, based on all available evidence, we concluded that a valuation allowance of $394 million is necessary on deferred tax assets related to unrealized tax capital losses that are not more-likely-than-not to be realized. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, we recorded a decrease in valuation allowance of $115 million associated with the unrealized tax capital losses in AIG's available for sale securities portfolio. The valuation allowance decrease was allocated to other comprehensive income.

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, we recognized a net $2 million decrease in deferred tax asset valuation allowance associated with certain foreign jurisdictions.

TAX EXAMINATIONS

We are currently under examination by the IRS for the tax years 2011 through 2019. We continue to engage in the IRS Appeals process for certain disagreed issues related to tax years 2007 through 2010. These tax years are still subject to ongoing computational review by IRS Appeals.

ACCOUNTING FOR UNCERTAINTY IN INCOME TAXES

At both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, our unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, were $1.4 billion. At both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the amounts of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would favorably affect the effective tax rate were $1.4 billion. Unrecognized tax benefits that would not affect the effective tax rate generally relate to such factors as the timing, rather than the permissibility of the deduction.

Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recognized in income tax expense. At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had accrued liabilities of $41 million and $53 million, respectively, for the payment of interest (net of the federal benefit) and penalties. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we accrued expense (benefit) of $(12) million and $0 million, respectively, for the payment of interest and penalties.

Although it is reasonably possible that a change in the balance of unrecognized tax benefits may occur within the next 12 months, based on the information currently available, we do not expect any change to be material to our consolidated financial condition.