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Reinsurance
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Insurance [Abstract]  
Reinsurance
8. Reinsurance
In the ordinary course of business, our insurance companies purchase both treaty and facultative reinsurance to limit potential losses, provide additional capacity for growth, minimize exposure to significant risks or to facilitate greater diversification of our businesses. In addition, certain of our General Insurance subsidiaries sell reinsurance to other insurance companies. We determine the portion of our ultimate net loss that will be recoverable under our reinsurance contracts by reference to the terms of the reinsurance protection purchased. This determination involves an estimate of incurred but not reported (IBNR) loss. Reinsurance recoverables for contracts which are accounted for as deposits are subject to similar judgments and uncertainties and reported in Deposit accounting assets.
Reinsurance assets include the balances due for paid losses and expenses, reserves for losses and expenses reported and outstanding, reserves for IBNR, ceded unearned premiums and ceded future policy benefits for life and accident and health insurance contracts and benefits paid and unpaid. Amounts related to paid and reserved losses and expenses and benefits with respect to these reinsurance agreements are sometimes collateralized. We remain liable to our policyholders regardless of whether our reinsurers meet their obligations under the reinsurance contracts, and as such, we regularly evaluate the financial condition of our reinsurers and monitor concentration of our credit risk. The estimation of the allowance for unrecoverable reinsurance from reinsurers who are unwilling and/or unable to pay amounts due to us requires judgment for which key inputs typically include historical collection rates when amounts due are in dispute or where the reinsurer has suffered a credit event as well as specific reviews of balances in dispute or subject to credit impairment. The allowance for credit losses and disputes on reinsurance assets was $220 million and $206 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Changes in the allowance for credit losses and disputes on reinsurance assets are reflected in Losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred within the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).
The following table provides supplemental information for loss and benefit reserves, gross and net of ceded reinsurance:
At December 31,20242023
(in millions)As
Reported		Net of
Reinsurance		As
Reported		Net of
Reinsurance
Liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses$(69,168)$(40,032)$(70,393)$(39,994)
Future policy benefits(1,317)(591)(1,467)(644)
Reserve for unearned premiums(17,232)(12,928)(17,375)(13,105)
Other policyholder funds(418)(418)(495)(495)
Reinsurance assets*
34,16635,492
*Reinsurance assets excludes (i) allowance for credit losses and disputes of $220 million and $206 million (of which $110 million and $110 million pertains to CECL reserve for Liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses) for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, (ii) paid loss recoveries of $4,068 million and $3,819 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and (iii) policy and contract claims recoverable of $31 million and $27 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
SHORT-DURATION REINSURANCE
Short-duration reinsurance is effected under reinsurance treaties and by negotiation on individual risks. Certain of these reinsurance arrangements consist of excess of loss contracts that protect us against losses above stipulated amounts. Ceded premiums are considered prepaid reinsurance premiums and are recognized as a reduction of premiums earned over the contract period in proportion to the protection received. Amounts recoverable from reinsurers on short-duration contracts are estimated in a manner consistent with the claims liabilities associated with the reinsurance and presented as a component of Reinsurance assets. Reinsurance premiums for assumed business are estimated based on information received from brokers, ceding companies and reinsurers. Any subsequent differences arising on such estimates are recorded in the periods in which they are determined. Assumed reinsurance premiums are earned primarily on a pro-rata basis over the terms of the reinsurance contracts and the portion of premiums relating to the unexpired terms of coverage is included in the reserve for unearned premiums. Reinsurance premiums for assumed business are estimated based on information received from brokers, ceding companies and reinsureds. Any subsequent differences arising on such estimates are recorded in the periods in which they are determined. For both ceded and assumed reinsurance, risk transfer requirements must be met for reinsurance accounting to apply. If risk transfer requirements are not met, the contract is accounted for as a deposit, resulting in the recognition of cash flows under the contract through a deposit asset or liability and not as revenue or expense. To meet risk transfer requirements, a reinsurance contract must include both insurance risk, consisting of both underwriting and timing risk, and a reasonable possibility of a significant loss for the assuming entity. Similar risk transfer criteria are used to determine whether directly written insurance contracts should be accounted for as insurance or as a deposit.
The following table presents short-duration insurance premiums written and earned:
Years Ended December 31,
(in millions)2024 2023 2022 
Premiums written:
Direct$31,743 $31,445 $32,025 
Assumed3,950 7,951 7,385 
Ceded(11,791)(12,190)(12,650)
Net$23,902 $27,206 $26,760 
Premiums earned:
Direct$31,208 $30,781 $32,053 
Assumed3,947 7,050 7,137 
Ceded(11,618)(12,267)(12,425)
Net$23,537 $25,564 $26,765 
Percent of amount assumed to net16.8 %27.6 %26.7 %
For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, reinsurance recoveries, which reduced losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred, amounted to $5.2 billion, $8.1 billion and $7.1 billion, respectively.
Retroactive reinsurance agreements are reinsurance agreements under which our reinsurer agrees to reimburse us as a result of past insurable events. For these agreements, the excess of the amounts ultimately collectible under the agreement over the consideration paid is recognized as a deferred gain liability and amortized into income over the settlement period of the ceded reserves. The amount of the deferral is recalculated each period based on loss payments and updated estimates. If the consideration paid exceeds the ultimate losses collectible under the agreement, the net loss on the agreement is recognized in income immediately. Ceded loss reserves under retroactive agreements were $11.5 billion and $12.4 billion, and the deferred gain liability was $725 million and $585 million, as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The effect on income from amortization of the deferred gain was $406 million, $82 million and $252 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
In the first quarter of 2017, we entered into an adverse development reinsurance agreement with National Indemnity Company (NICO), a subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Inc., under which we transferred to NICO 80 percent of the reserve risk on substantially all of our U.S. Commercial long-tail exposures for accident years 2015 and prior. Under this agreement, we ceded to NICO 80 percent of the losses on subject business paid on or after January 1, 2016 in excess of $25 billion of net paid losses, up to an aggregate limit of $25 billion. We account for this transaction as retroactive reinsurance. This transaction resulted in a gain, which under U.S. GAAP retroactive reinsurance accounting is deferred and amortized into income over the settlement period. NICO created a collateral trust account as security for their claim payment obligations to us, into which they deposited the consideration paid under the agreement, and Berkshire Hathaway Inc. has provided a parental guarantee to secure NICO’s obligations under the agreement.
FORTITUDE RE
Fortitude Re is the reinsurer of the majority of AIG’s run-off operations. The reinsurance transactions are structured as modco and loss portfolio transfer arrangements with funds withheld (funds withheld). In modco and funds withheld arrangements, the investments supporting the reinsurance agreements, and which reflect the majority of the consideration that would be paid to the reinsurer for entering into the transaction, are withheld by, and therefore continue to reside on the balance sheet of, the ceding company (i.e., AIG) thereby creating an obligation for the ceding company to pay the reinsurer (i.e., Fortitude Re) at a later date. Additionally, as AIG maintains ownership of these investments, AIG will maintain its existing accounting for these assets (e.g., the changes in fair value of available for sale securities will be recognized within OCI). AIG has established a funds withheld payable to Fortitude Re while simultaneously establishing a reinsurance asset representing reserves for the insurance coverage that Fortitude Re has assumed. The funds withheld payable contains an embedded derivative and changes in fair value of the embedded derivative related to the funds withheld payable are recognized in earnings through Net realized gains (losses). This embedded derivative is considered a total return swap with contractual returns that are attributable to various assets and liabilities associated with these reinsurance agreements.
As of December 31, 2024, $3.4 billion of reserves related to business written by multiple wholly-owned AIG subsidiaries, had been ceded to Fortitude Re under these reinsurance transactions.
There is a diverse pool of assets supporting the funds withheld arrangements with Fortitude Re. The following summarizes the composition of the pool of assets:
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
(in millions)Carrying
Value		Fair
Value		Carrying
Value		Fair
Value		Corresponding Accounting Policy
Fixed maturity securities - available for sale(a)
$1,918 $1,918 $2,180 $2,180 Fair value through other comprehensive income (loss)
Fixed maturity securities - fair value option721 721 655 655 Fair value through net investment income
Commercial mortgage loans450 437 543 528 Amortized cost
Short-term investments15 15 46 46 Fair value through net investment income
Funds withheld investment assets3,104 3,091 3,424 3,409 
Derivative assets, net(b)
1 1 — — Fair value through net realized gains (losses)
Other(c)
115 115 118 118 Amortized cost
Total$3,220 $3,207 $3,542 $3,527 
(a)The change in the net unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities related to the Fortitude Re funds withheld assets was $(35) million ($(28) million after-tax) and $116 million ($92 million after-tax), respectively for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
(b)The derivative assets and liabilities have been presented net of cash collateral. The derivative assets and liabilities supporting the Fortitude Re funds withheld arrangements had a fair market value of $9 million and $2 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2024. The derivative assets and liabilities supporting the Fortitude Re funds withheld arrangements had a fair market value of $1 million and $28 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2023. These derivative assets and liabilities are fully collateralized either by cash or securities.
(c)Primarily comprised of Cash and Accrued investment income.
The impact of the funds withheld arrangements with Fortitude Re was as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
(in millions)202420232022
Net investment income - Fortitude Re funds withheld assets$144 $180 $53 
Net realized gains (losses) on Fortitude Re funds withheld assets:
Net realized losses - Fortitude Re funds withheld assets(39)(71)(99)
Net realized gains (losses) - Fortitude Re funds withheld embedded derivative(75)(273)1,133 
Net realized gains (losses) on Fortitude Re funds withheld assets(114)(344)1,034 
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (benefit)30 (164)1,087 
Income tax expense (benefit)(a)
6 (34)228 
Net income (loss)
24 (130)859 
Change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on available for sale securities(a)
(28)92 (848)
Comprehensive income (loss)$(4)$(38)$11 
(a)The income tax expense (benefit) and the tax impact in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI) was computed using AIG’s U.S. statutory tax rate of 21 percent.
Various assets supporting the Fortitude Re funds withheld arrangements are reported at amortized cost, and as such, changes in the fair value of these assets are not reflected in the financial statements. However, changes in the fair value of these assets are included in the embedded derivative in the Fortitude Re funds withheld arrangement and the appreciation (depreciation) of the asset is the primary driver of the comprehensive income (loss) reflected above.
Reinsurance Security
Our third-party reinsurance arrangements do not relieve us from our direct obligations to our beneficiaries. Thus, a credit exposure exists with respect to both short-duration and long-duration reinsurance ceded to the extent that any reinsurer fails to meet the obligations assumed under any reinsurance agreement. We hold substantial collateral as security under related reinsurance agreements in the form of funds, securities, and/or letters of credit. A provision has been recorded for estimated unrecoverable reinsurance. In light of collateral held, we believe that no exposure to a single reinsurer represents an inappropriate concentration of credit risk to AIG. Gross reinsurance assets due from reinsurers exceeding 5 percent of our total reinsurance assets were approximately $15.2 billion and $16.5 billion at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, of which approximately $2.1 billion and $2.3 billion at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, was not secured by collateral.
REINSURANCE – CREDIT LOSSES
The estimation of reinsurance recoverables involves a significant amount of judgment, particularly for latent exposures, such as asbestos, due to their long-tail nature. We assess the collectability of reinsurance recoverable balances in each reporting period, through either historical trends of disputes and credit events or financial analysis of the credit quality of the reinsurer. We record adjustments to reflect the results of these assessments through an allowance for credit losses and disputes on uncollectible reinsurance that reduces the carrying amount of reinsurance and deposit accounting assets on the consolidated balance sheets (collectively, reinsurance recoverables). This estimate requires significant judgment for which key considerations include:
•paid and unpaid amounts recoverable;
•whether the balance is in dispute or subject to legal collection;
•the relative financial health of the reinsurer as classified by the Obligor Risk Ratings (ORRs) we assign to each reinsurer based upon our financial reviews; reinsurers that are financially troubled (i.e., in run-off, have voluntarily or involuntarily been placed in receivership, are insolvent, are in the process of liquidation or otherwise subject to formal or informal regulatory restriction) are assigned ORRs that will generate a significant allowance; and
•whether collateral and collateral arrangements exist.
An estimate of the reinsurance recoverable's lifetime expected credit losses is established utilizing a probability of default and loss given default method, which reflects the reinsurer’s ORR. The allowance for credit losses excludes disputed amounts. An allowance for disputes is established for a reinsurance recoverable using the losses incurred model for contingencies.
The total reinsurance recoverables as of December 31, 2024 were $40.5 billion. As of that date, utilizing AIG’s ORRs, (i) approximately 83 percent of the reinsurance recoverables were investment grade; (ii) approximately 15 percent of the reinsurance recoverables were non-investment grade and (iii) approximately 2 percent of the reinsurance recoverables related to entities that were not rated by AIG.
The total reinsurance recoverables as of December 31, 2023 were $41.4 billion. As of that date, utilizing AIG’s ORRs, (i) approximately 83 percent of the reinsurance recoverables were investment grade; (ii) approximately 15 percent of the reinsurance recoverables were non-investment grade; (iii) approximately 2 percent of the reinsurance recoverables related to entities that were not rated by AIG.
As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, approximately 81 percent and 85 percent, respectively, of our non-investment grade reinsurance exposure related to captive insurers. These arrangements are typically collateralized by letters of credit, funds withheld or trust agreements.
Reinsurance Recoverable Allowance
The following table presents a rollforward of the reinsurance recoverable allowance:
Years Ended December 31,
(in millions)202420232022
Balance, beginning of period$255 $260 $281 
Addition to (release of) allowance for expected credit losses and disputes, net11 (5)(22)
Write-offs charged against the allowance for credit losses and disputes(1)— (5)
Recoveries of amounts previously written off— — 2 
Other changes4 — 4 
Balance, end of year$269 $255 $260 
Past-Due Status
We consider a reinsurance asset to be past due when it is 90 days past due. The allowance for credit losses is estimated excluding disputed amounts. An allowance for disputes is established using the losses incurred method for contingencies. Past due balances on claims that are not in dispute were not material for any of the periods presented.