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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS  
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
December 31, 2018 CounterpartyCash
(in millions) Level 1Level 2Level 3Netting(a)CollateralTotal
Assets:
Bonds available for sale:
U.S. government and government sponsored entities$53$3,207$-$-$-$3,260
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions-14,0012,000--16,001
Non-U.S. governments6914,44511--14,525
Corporate debt-129,836864--130,700
RMBS-20,17814,199--34,377
CMBS-11,784917--12,701
CDO/ABS-8,7259,102--17,827
Total bonds available for sale122202,17627,093--229,391
Other bond securities:
U.S. government and government sponsored entities112,654---2,665
Non-U.S. governments-45---45
Corporate debt-1,671---1,671
RMBS-4241,290--1,714
CMBS-31177--388
CDO/ABS-4544,478--4,932
Total other bond securities115,5595,845--11,415
Equity securities (b)1,2131327--1,253
Mortgage and other loans receivable------
Other invested assets(c)-341587--928
Derivative assets:
Interest rate contracts 22,888---2,890
Foreign exchange contracts-1,1595--1,164
Equity contracts13319075--398
Credit contracts--1--1
Other contracts--15--15
Counterparty netting and cash collateral---(1,713)(1,840)(3,553)
Total derivative assets1354,23796(1,713)(1,840)915
Short-term investments2,416599---3,015
Separate account assets77,2024,645---81,847
Other assets--58--58
Total$81,099$217,570$33,706$(1,713)$(1,840)$328,822
Liabilities:
Policyholder contract deposits$-$-$4,116$-$-$4,116
Derivative liabilities:
Interest rate contracts42,00415--2,023
Foreign exchange contracts-858---858
Equity contracts123---15
Credit contracts-8228--236
Other contracts--6--6
Counterparty netting and cash collateral---(1,713)(187)(1,900)
Total derivative liabilities162,873249(1,713)(187)1,238
Long-term debt-2,213---2,213
Other liabilities1611---27
Total$32$5,097$4,365$(1,713)$(187)$7,594

December 31, 2017 CounterpartyCash
(in millions) Level 1Level 2Level 3Netting(a)CollateralTotal
Assets:
Bonds available for sale:
U.S. government and government sponsored entities$201$2,455$-$-$-$2,656
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions-16,2402,404--18,644
Non-U.S. governments2015,6318--15,659
Corporate debt-133,0031,173--134,176
RMBS-21,09816,136--37,234
CMBS-13,217624--13,841
CDO/ABS-8,1318,651--16,782
Total bonds available for sale221209,77528,996--238,992
Other bond securities:
U.S. government and government sponsored entities2382,564---2,802
Non-U.S. governments-57---57
Corporate debt-1,89118--1,909
RMBS-4211,464--1,885
CMBS-48574--559
CDO/ABS-6044,956--5,560
Total other bond securities2386,0226,512--12,772
Equity securities available for sale:
Common stock1,061----1,061
Preferred stock18515---533
Mutual funds1104---114
Total equity securities available for sale1,189519---1,708
Other equity securities589----589
Mortgage and other loans receivable--5--5
Other invested assets(c)-1250--251
Derivative assets:
Interest rate contracts12,170---2,171
Foreign exchange contracts-8274--831
Equity contracts18825282--522
Credit contracts--1--1
Other contracts--20--20
Counterparty netting and cash collateral---(1,464)(1,159)(2,623)
Total derivative assets1893,249107(1,464)(1,159)922
Short-term investments2,078537---2,615
Separate account assets87,1415,657---92,798
Total$91,645$225,760$35,870$(1,464)$(1,159)$350,652
Liabilities:
Policyholder contract deposits$-$14$4,136$-$-$4,150
Derivative liabilities:
Interest rate contracts22,17622--2,200
Foreign exchange contracts-1,2414--1,245
Equity contracts219---21
Credit contracts-14263--277
Other contracts--5--5
Counterparty netting and cash collateral---(1,464)(1,249)(2,713)
Total derivative liabilities43,450294(1,464)(1,249)1,035
Long-term debt-2,888---2,888
Other liabilities4643---89
Total$50$6,395$4,430$(1,464)$(1,249)$8,162

(a) Represents netting of derivative exposures covered by qualifying master netting agreements.

(b) As a result of the adoption of the Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities standard on January 1, 2018 (Financial Instruments Recognition and Measurement Standard), equity securities are no longer classified and accounted for as available for sale securities.

(c) Excludes investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value (NAV) per share (or its equivalent), which totaled $5.0 billion and $6.0 billion as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Changes in Level 3 recurring fair value measurements (Assets)
Net Changes in
Realized and Unrealized Gains
UnrealizedPurchases, (Losses) Included
Fair ValueGains (Losses)OtherSales,GrossGrossFair Valuein Income on
BeginningIncludedComprehensiveIssuances andTransfersTransfersEndInstruments Held
(in millions)of Yearin IncomeIncome (Loss)Settlements, NetInOutAcquisitionsof Yearat End of Year
December 31, 2018
Assets:
Bonds available for sale:
Obligations of states,
municipalities and
political subdivisions$2,404$-$(152)$(66)$54$(240)$-$2,000$-
Non-U.S. governments8(9)5(1)13(5)-11-
Corporate debt1,173(74)(2)(207)780(806)-864-
RMBS16,136838(300)(2,424)8(66)714,199-
CMBS62423(29)207111(20)1917-
CDO/ABS8,65140(42)(371)1,783(1,123)1649,102-
Total bonds available
for sale28,996818(520)(2,862)2,749(2,260)17227,093-
Other bond securities:
Corporate debt18--(18)-----
RMBS1,46456-(280)50--1,290(10)
CMBS74(2)-(5)10--77(5)
CDO/ABS4,956428-(905)-(9)84,478208
Total other bond securities6,512482-(1,208)60(9)85,845193
Equity securities(a)-(2)-245--27-
Mortgage and other loans
receivable5--(5)-----
Other invested assets250472288---58771
Other assets---58---58-
Total$35,763$1,345$(518)$(3,705)$2,814$(2,269)$180$33,610$264
Net Changes in
Realized and Unrealized Gains
UnrealizedPurchases, (Losses) Included
Fair Value(Gains) LossesOtherSales,GrossGrossFair Valuein Income on
BeginningIncludedComprehensiveIssuances andTransfersTransfersEndInstruments Held
(in millions)of Yearin IncomeIncome (Loss)Settlements, NetInOutAcquisitionsof Yearat End of Year
Liabilities:
Policyholder contract deposits$4,136$(334)$-$314$-$-$-$4,116$495
Derivative liabilities, net:
Interest rate contracts22(1)-(6)---151
Foreign exchange
contracts-(10)-5---(5)3
Equity contracts(82)(22)-27-2-(75)(35)
Credit contracts262(31)-(4)---22731
Other contracts(15)(64)-70---(9)62
Total derivative
liabilities, net(b)187(128)-92-2-15362
Long-term debt(c)---------
Total$4,323$(462)$-$406$-$2$-$4,269$557

Net Changes in
Realized and Unrealized Gains
UnrealizedPurchases, (Losses) Included
Fair ValueGains (Losses)OtherSales,GrossGrossFair Valuein Income on
BeginningIncludedComprehensiveIssuances andTransfersTransfersEndInstruments Held
(in millions)of Yearin IncomeIncome (Loss)Settlements, NetInOutof Yearat End of Year
December 31, 2017
Assets:
Bonds available for sale:
Obligations of states,
municipalities and
political subdivisions$2,040$5$167$216$8$(32)$2,404$-
Non-U.S. governments17(9)9(9)--8-
Corporate debt1,133(3)20(259)886(604)1,173-
RMBS16,9061,071942(2,763)19(39)16,136-
CMBS2,0403511(748)20(734)624-
CDO/ABS7,835(19)155743-(63)8,651-
Total bonds available
for sale29,9711,0801,304(2,820)933(1,472)28,996-
Other bond securities:
Corporate debt173-10-(12)181
RMBS1,605191-(313)14(33)1,464113
CMBS1554-249(118)745
CDO/ABS5,703841-(1,582)-(6)4,956362
Total other bond securities7,4801,039-(1,861)23(169)6,512481
Equity securities available
for sale:
Common stock---1-(1)--
Total equity securities
available for sale---1-(1)--
Other equity securities--------
Mortgage and other loans
receivable11--(6)--5-
Other invested assets20414(6)39-(1)2506
Total$37,666$2,133$1,298$(4,647)$956$(1,643)$35,763$487
Net Changes in
Realized and Unrealized Gains
UnrealizedPurchases, (Losses) Included
Fair Value(Gains) LossesOtherSales,GrossGrossFair Valuein Income on
BeginningIncludedComprehensiveIssuances andTransfersTransfersEndInstruments Held
(in millions)of Yearin IncomeIncome (Loss)Settlements, NetInOutof Yearat End of Year
Liabilities:
Policyholder contract
deposits$3,033$807$-$296$-$-$4,136$(499)
Derivative liabilities, net:
Interest rate contracts38(5)-(11)--225
Foreign exchange
contracts11(2)-(9)---3
Equity contracts(58)(41)-17--(82)35
Credit contracts329(62)-(5)--26261
Other contracts(11)(74)-73(3)-(15)77
Total derivatives
liabilities, net(b)309(184)-65(3)-187181
Long-term debt(c)7116-(87)----
Total$3,413$639$-$274$(3)$-$4,323$(318)

(a) As a result of the adoption of the Financial Instruments Recognition and Measurement Standard on January 1, 2018, equity securities are no longer classified and accounted for as available for sale securities.

(b) Total Level 3 derivative exposures have been netted in these tables for presentation purposes only.

(c) Includes guaranteed investment agreements (GIAs), notes, bonds, loans and mortgages payable.

Changes in Level 3 recurring fair value measurements (Liabilities)
Net Changes in
Realized and Unrealized Gains
UnrealizedPurchases, (Losses) Included
Fair ValueGains (Losses)OtherSales,GrossGrossFair Valuein Income on
BeginningIncludedComprehensiveIssuances andTransfersTransfersEndInstruments Held
(in millions)of Yearin IncomeIncome (Loss)Settlements, NetInOutAcquisitionsof Yearat End of Year
December 31, 2018
Assets:
Bonds available for sale:
Obligations of states,
municipalities and
political subdivisions$2,404$-$(152)$(66)$54$(240)$-$2,000$-
Non-U.S. governments8(9)5(1)13(5)-11-
Corporate debt1,173(74)(2)(207)780(806)-864-
RMBS16,136838(300)(2,424)8(66)714,199-
CMBS62423(29)207111(20)1917-
CDO/ABS8,65140(42)(371)1,783(1,123)1649,102-
Total bonds available
for sale28,996818(520)(2,862)2,749(2,260)17227,093-
Other bond securities:
Corporate debt18--(18)-----
RMBS1,46456-(280)50--1,290(10)
CMBS74(2)-(5)10--77(5)
CDO/ABS4,956428-(905)-(9)84,478208
Total other bond securities6,512482-(1,208)60(9)85,845193
Equity securities(a)-(2)-245--27-
Mortgage and other loans
receivable5--(5)-----
Other invested assets250472288---58771
Other assets---58---58-
Total$35,763$1,345$(518)$(3,705)$2,814$(2,269)$180$33,610$264
Net Changes in
Realized and Unrealized Gains
UnrealizedPurchases, (Losses) Included
Fair Value(Gains) LossesOtherSales,GrossGrossFair Valuein Income on
BeginningIncludedComprehensiveIssuances andTransfersTransfersEndInstruments Held
(in millions)of Yearin IncomeIncome (Loss)Settlements, NetInOutAcquisitionsof Yearat End of Year
Liabilities:
Policyholder contract deposits$4,136$(334)$-$314$-$-$-$4,116$495
Derivative liabilities, net:
Interest rate contracts22(1)-(6)---151
Foreign exchange
contracts-(10)-5---(5)3
Equity contracts(82)(22)-27-2-(75)(35)
Credit contracts262(31)-(4)---22731
Other contracts(15)(64)-70---(9)62
Total derivative
liabilities, net(b)187(128)-92-2-15362
Long-term debt(c)---------
Total$4,323$(462)$-$406$-$2$-$4,269$557

Net Changes in
Realized and Unrealized Gains
UnrealizedPurchases, (Losses) Included
Fair ValueGains (Losses)OtherSales,GrossGrossFair Valuein Income on
BeginningIncludedComprehensiveIssuances andTransfersTransfersEndInstruments Held
(in millions)of Yearin IncomeIncome (Loss)Settlements, NetInOutof Yearat End of Year
December 31, 2017
Assets:
Bonds available for sale:
Obligations of states,
municipalities and
political subdivisions$2,040$5$167$216$8$(32)$2,404$-
Non-U.S. governments17(9)9(9)--8-
Corporate debt1,133(3)20(259)886(604)1,173-
RMBS16,9061,071942(2,763)19(39)16,136-
CMBS2,0403511(748)20(734)624-
CDO/ABS7,835(19)155743-(63)8,651-
Total bonds available
for sale29,9711,0801,304(2,820)933(1,472)28,996-
Other bond securities:
Corporate debt173-10-(12)181
RMBS1,605191-(313)14(33)1,464113
CMBS1554-249(118)745
CDO/ABS5,703841-(1,582)-(6)4,956362
Total other bond securities7,4801,039-(1,861)23(169)6,512481
Equity securities available
for sale:
Common stock---1-(1)--
Total equity securities
available for sale---1-(1)--
Other equity securities--------
Mortgage and other loans
receivable11--(6)--5-
Other invested assets20414(6)39-(1)2506
Total$37,666$2,133$1,298$(4,647)$956$(1,643)$35,763$487
Net Changes in
Realized and Unrealized Gains
UnrealizedPurchases, (Losses) Included
Fair Value(Gains) LossesOtherSales,GrossGrossFair Valuein Income on
BeginningIncludedComprehensiveIssuances andTransfersTransfersEndInstruments Held
(in millions)of Yearin IncomeIncome (Loss)Settlements, NetInOutof Yearat End of Year
Liabilities:
Policyholder contract
deposits$3,033$807$-$296$-$-$4,136$(499)
Derivative liabilities, net:
Interest rate contracts38(5)-(11)--225
Foreign exchange
contracts11(2)-(9)---3
Equity contracts(58)(41)-17--(82)35
Credit contracts329(62)-(5)--26261
Other contracts(11)(74)-73(3)-(15)77
Total derivatives
liabilities, net(b)309(184)-65(3)-187181
Long-term debt(c)7116-(87)----
Total$3,413$639$-$274$(3)$-$4,323$(318)

(a) As a result of the adoption of the Financial Instruments Recognition and Measurement Standard on January 1, 2018, equity securities are no longer classified and accounted for as available for sale securities.

(b) Total Level 3 derivative exposures have been netted in these tables for presentation purposes only.

(c) Includes guaranteed investment agreements (GIAs), notes, bonds, loans and mortgages payable.

Schedule of net realized and unrealized gains and losses related to Level 3 items
NetNet Realized
InvestmentCapital Other
(in millions)IncomeGains (Losses)IncomeTotal
December 31, 2018
Assets:
Bonds available for sale$987$(165)$(4)$818
Other bond securities92(3)393482
Equity securities(2)--(2)
Other invested assets57-(10)47
December 31, 2017
Assets:
Bonds available for sale$1,127$(49)$2$1,080
Other bond securities308-7311,039
Other invested assets96(1)14
NetNet Realized
InvestmentCapital Other
(in millions)Income(Gains) LossesIncomeTotal
December 31, 2018
Liabilities:
Policyholder contract deposits-(334)-(334)
Derivative liabilities, net-5(133)(128)
Long-term debt----
December 31, 2017
Liabilities:
Policyholder contract deposits-807-807
Derivative liabilities, net-(17)(167)(184)
Long-term debt--1616
Gross components of purchases, sales, issuances and settlements, net
Purchases, Sales,
Issuances andIssuances and
(in millions)PurchasesSalesSettlements(a)Settlements, Net(a)
December 31, 2018
Assets:
Bonds available for sale:
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions$105$(8)$(163)$(66)
Non-U.S. governments5-(6)(1)
Corporate debt280(216)(271)(207)
RMBS715(20)(3,119)(2,424)
CMBS277(2)(68)207
CDO/ABS1,865(1,073)(1,163)(371)
Total bonds available for sale3,247(1,319)(4,790)(2,862)
Other bond securities:
Corporate debt--(18)(18)
RMBS1(34)(247)(280)
CMBS--(5)(5)
CDO/ABS90(4)(991)(905)
Total other bond securities91(38)(1,261)(1,208)
Equity securities49-(25)24
Mortgage and other loans receivable-(5)-(5)
Other invested assets350(29)(33)288
Other assets--5858
Total assets$3,737$(1,391)$(6,051)$(3,705)
Liabilities:
Policyholder contract deposits$-$533$(219)$314
Derivative liabilities, net(52)806492
Long-term debt(b)----
Total liabilities$(52)$613$(155)$406
December 31, 2017
Assets:
Bonds available for sale:
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions$286$(16)$(54)$216
Non-U.S. governments9(1)(17)(9)
Corporate debt36(59)(236)(259)
RMBS1,199(260)(3,702)(2,763)
CMBS75(146)(677)(748)
CDO/ABS2,099(243)(1,113)743
Total bonds available for sale3,704(725)(5,799)(2,820)
Other bond securities:
Corporate debt11-(1)10
RMBS167(218)(262)(313)
CMBS42(11)(7)24
CDO/ABS9(65)(1,526)(1,582)
Total other bond securities229(294)(1,796)(1,861)
Equity securities available for sale13-(12)1
Other equity securities----
Mortgage and other loans receivable-(6)-(6)
Other invested assets107(46)(22)39
Total assets$4,053$(1,071)$(7,629)$(4,647)
Liabilities:
Policyholder contract deposits$-$344$(48)$296
Derivative liabilities, net(4)-6965
Long-term debt(b)--(87)(87)
Total liabilities$(4)$344$(66)$274

(a) There were no issuances during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

(b) Includes GIAs, notes, bonds, loans and mortgages payable.

Significant unobservable inputs used for recurring fair value measurements
Fair Value at
December 31,ValuationRange
(in millions)2018TechniqueUnobservable Input(b)(Weighted Average)
Assets:
Obligations of states,
municipalities and
political subdivisions$1,473Discounted cash flowYield3.91% - 5.00% (4.46%)
Corporate debt445Discounted cash flowYield4.35% - 5.99% (5.17%)
RMBS(a)13,608Discounted cash flowConstant prepayment rate4.58% - 14.00% (9.29%)
Loss severity39.66% - 74.40% (57.03%)
Constant default rate2.46% - 7.39% (4.92%)
Yield3.31% - 5.50% (4.40%)
CDO/ABS(a)5,461Discounted cash flowYield3.65% - 5.10% (4.37%)
CMBS447Discounted cash flowYield3.29% - 6.07% (4.68%)
Liabilities:
Embedded derivatives
within Policyholder
contract deposits:
Guaranteed minimum
withdrawal benefits
(GMWB)1,943Discounted cash flowEquity volatility6.05% - 47.65%
Base lapse rate0.16% - 12.60%
Dynamic lapse multiplier20.00% - 180.00%
Mortality multiplier(c)40.00% - 153.00%
Utilization90.00% - 100.00%
Equity / interest rate correlation20.00% - 40.00%
Index Annuities1,778Discounted cash flowLapse rate0.50% - 40.00%
Mortality multiplier(c)42.00% - 162.00%
Option Budget1.00% - 3.00%
Indexed Life374Discounted cash flowBase lapse rate0.00% - 13.00%
Mortality rate0.00% - 100.00%

Fair Value at
December 31,ValuationRange
(in millions)2017TechniqueUnobservable Input(b)(Weighted Average)
Assets:
Obligations of states,
municipalities and
political subdivisions$1,620Discounted cash flowYield 3.55% - 4.32% (3.94%)
Corporate debt1,086Discounted cash flowYield3.26% - 12.22% (7.74%)
RMBS(a)16,156Discounted cash flowConstant prepayment rate 3.97% - 13.42% (8.69%)
Loss severity 43.15% - 77.15% (60.15%)
Constant default rate 3.31% - 8.30% (5.80%)
Yield 2.73% - 5.19% (3.96%)
CDO/ABS(a)5,254Discounted cash flowYield3.38% - 4.78% (4.08%)
CMBS487Discounted cash flowYield2.22% - 7.77% (4.99%)
Liabilities:
Embedded derivatives
within Policyholder
contract deposits:
GMWB 1,994Discounted cash flowEquity volatility 6.45% - 51.25%
Base lapse rate 0.35% - 14.00%
Dynamic lapse multiplier 30.00% - 170.00%
Mortality multiplier(c) 40.00% - 153.00%
Utilization90.00% - 100.00%
Equity / interest rate correlation 20.00% - 40.00%
Index Annuities1,603Discounted cash flowLapse rate 0.50% - 40.00%
Mortality multiplier(c) 42.00% - 162.00%
Option Budget 1.00% - 4.00%
Indexed Life515Discounted cash flowBase lapse rate 2.00% - 19.00%
Mortality rate 0.00% - 40.00%

(a) Information received from third-party valuation service providers. The ranges of the unobservable inputs for constant prepayment rate, loss severity and constant default rate relate to each of the individual underlying mortgage loans that comprise the entire portfolio of securities in the RMBS and CDO securitization vehicles and not necessarily to the securitization vehicle bonds (tranches) purchased by us. The ranges of these inputs do not directly correlate to changes in the fair values of the tranches purchased by us, because there are other factors relevant to the fair values of specific tranches owned by us including, but not limited to, purchase price, position in the waterfall, senior versus subordinated position and attachment points.

(b) Represents discount rates, estimates and assumptions that we believe would be used by market participants when valuing these assets and liabilities.

(c) Mortality inputs are shown as multipliers of the 2012 Individual Annuity Mortality Basic table.

Investments in Certain Entities Carried at Fair Value Using Net Asset Value per Share
December 31, 2018December 31, 2017
Fair ValueFair Value
Using NAVUsing NAV
Per Share (orUnfundedPer Share (orUnfunded
(in millions)Investment Category Includesits equivalent)Commitmentsits equivalent)Commitments
Investment Category*
Private equity funds:
Leveraged buyoutDebt and/or equity investments made as part of a transaction in which assets of mature companies are acquired from the current shareholders, typically with the use of financial leverage$847$1,327$1,243$706
Real Estate / InfrastructureInvestments in real estate properties and infrastructure positions, including power plants and other energy generating facilities19083210187
Venture capitalEarly-stage, high-potential, growth companies expected to generate a return through an eventual realization event, such as an initial public offering or sale of the company12612713473
Growth EquityFunds that make investments in established companies for the purpose of growing their businesses3622821573
MezzanineFunds that make investments in the junior debt and equity securities of leveraged companies21175171135
OtherIncludes distressed funds that invest in securities of companies that are in default or under bankruptcy protection, as well as funds that have multi-strategy, and other strategies51430715553
Total private equity funds2,2501,9472,1281,227
Hedge funds:
Event-drivenSecurities of companies undergoing material structural changes, including mergers, acquisitions and other reorganizations787-1,128-
Long-shortSecurities that the manager believes are undervalued, with corresponding short positions to hedge market risk863-1,233-
MacroInvestments that take long and short positions in financial instruments based on a top-down view of certain economic and capital market conditions887-1,011-
DistressedSecurities of companies that are in default, under bankruptcy protection or troubled 2182668
OtherIncludes investments held in funds that are less liquid, as well as other strategies which allow for broader allocation between public and private investments15812314
Total hedge funds2,71693,86912
Total$4,966$1,956$5,997$1,239

* Beginning in the third quarter of 2018, Growth Equity and Mezzanine private equity fund categories are shown separately. Prior periods were revised to conform to the current period presentation.

Gains or losses related to the eligible instruments for which AIG elected the fair value option
Years Ended December 31,Gain (Loss)
(in millions)201820172016
Assets:
Bond and equity securities$343$1,646$447
Alternative investments(a)21350928
Other, including Short-term investments-1-
Liabilities:
Long-term debt(b)(1)(49)(9)
Other liabilities-(2)-
Total gain$555$2,105$466

(a) Includes certain hedge funds, private equity funds and other investment partnerships.

(b) Includes GIAs, notes, bonds and mortgages payable.

Difference between fair values and aggregate contractual principal amounts, fair value option
December 31, 2018December 31, 2017
OutstandingOutstanding
(in millions)Fair ValuePrincipal AmountDifferenceFair ValuePrincipal AmountDifference
Assets:
Mortgage and other loans receivable$-$-$-$5$5$-
Liabilities:
Long-term debt*$2,213$1,653$560$2,888$2,280$608

* Includes GIAs, notes, bonds, loans and mortgages payable.

Fair value assets measured on nonrecurring basis and impairment charges
Assets at Fair ValueImpairment Charges(a)
Non-Recurring BasisDecember 31,
(in millions) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total 201820172016
December 31, 2018
Other investments$-$-$315$315$97$77$76
Investments in life settlements-----360397
Other assets--11116415719
Total$-$-$326$326$161$594$492
December 31, 2017
Other investments$-$-$55$55
Investments in life settlements----
Other assets----
Total$-$-$55$55

(a) Impairments in 2017 included $35 million related to Other assets of $179 million that were sold during the three-month period ended June 30, 2017.

Carrying values and estimated fair values of AIG's financial instruments
Estimated Fair ValueCarrying
(in millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalValue
December 31, 2018
Assets:
Mortgage and other loans receivable$-$105$43,522$43,627$43,135
Other invested assets-7316737737
Short-term investments-6,659-6,6596,659
Cash2,873--2,8732,873
Other assets30835-343343
Liabilities:
Policyholder contract deposits associated
with investment-type contracts-339121,035121,374120,602
Other liabilities-1,154-1,1541,154
Long-term debt-22,8228,77531,59732,327
December 31, 2017
Assets:
Mortgage and other loans receivable$-$117$37,644$37,761$37,018
Other invested assets-5906596593
Short-term investments-7,771-7,7717,771
Cash2,362--2,3622,362
Liabilities:
Policyholder contract deposits associated
with investment-type contracts-387121,809122,196114,326
Other liabilities-4,494-4,4944,494
Long-term debt-23,9304,31328,24328,752