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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS  
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
June 30, 2015 CounterpartyCash
(in millions) Level 1Level 2Level 3Netting*CollateralTotal
Assets:
Bonds available for sale:
U.S. government and government sponsored entities$1$2,513$-$-$-$2,514
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions-25,4822,180--27,662
Non-U.S. governments64818,46833--19,149
Corporate debt-138,7452,118--140,863
RMBS-19,15117,097--36,248
CMBS-10,8452,677--13,522
CDO/ABS-9,0376,071--15,108
Total bonds available for sale649224,24130,176--255,066
Other bond securities:
U.S. government and government sponsored entities1763,639---3,815
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions-75---75
Non-U.S. governments-2---2
Corporate debt-43616--452
RMBS-8731,337--2,210
CMBS-644223--867
CDO/ABS-1,7517,426--9,177
Total other bond securities1767,4209,002--16,598
Equity securities available for sale:
Common stock3,8438---3,851
Preferred stock25----25
Mutual funds8772---879
Total equity securities available for sale4,74510---4,755
Other equity securities1,301-22--1,323
Mortgage and other loans receivable--6--6
Other invested assets24,3125,075--9,389
Derivative assets:
Interest rate contracts63,19211--3,209
Foreign exchange contracts-675---675
Equity contracts841064--158
Commodity contracts------
Credit contracts--4--4
Other contracts--30--30
Counterparty netting and cash collateral---(1,594)(1,226)(2,820)
Total derivative assets903,877109(1,594)(1,226)1,256
Short-term investments1,0361,245---2,281
Separate account assets76,8335,302---82,135
Total$84,832$246,407$44,390$(1,594)$(1,226)$372,809

Liabilities:
Policyholder contract deposits$-$36$1,232$-$-$1,268
Other policyholder funds-8---8
Derivative liabilities:
Interest rate contracts-2,38973--2,462
Foreign exchange contracts-1,2327--1,239
Equity contracts-1051--106
Commodity contracts-6---6
Credit contracts--555--555
Other contracts-246--48
Counterparty netting and cash collateral---(1,594)(1,276)(2,870)
Total derivative liabilities-3,734682(1,594)(1,276)1,546
Long-term debt-4,076193--4,269
Other liabilities120164---284
Total$120$8,018$2,107$(1,594)$(1,276)$7,375

December 31, 2014 CounterpartyCash
(in millions) Level 1Level 2Level 3Netting*CollateralTotal
Assets:
Bonds available for sale:
U.S. government and government sponsored entities$322$2,670$-$-$-$2,992
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions-25,5002,159--27,659
Non-U.S. governments74220,32330--21,095
Corporate debt-142,5501,883--144,433
RMBS-20,71516,805--37,520
CMBS-10,1892,696--12,885
CDO/ABS-7,1656,110--13,275
Total bonds available for sale1,064229,11229,683--259,859
Other bond securities:
U.S. government and government sponsored entities1305,368---5,498
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions-122---122
Non-U.S. governments-2---2
Corporate debt-719---719
RMBS-9891,105--2,094
CMBS-708369--1,077
CDO/ABS-2,7517,449--10,200
Total other bond securities13010,6598,923--19,712
Equity securities available for sale:
Common stock3,62621--3,629
Preferred stock25----25
Mutual funds7383---741
Total equity securities available for sale4,38951--4,395
Other equity securities1,02425---1,049
Mortgage and other loans receivable--6--6
Other invested assets23,7425,650--9,394

Derivative assets:
Interest rate contracts23,72912--3,743
Foreign exchange contracts-8391--840
Equity contracts985851--207
Commodity contracts------
Credit contracts--4--4
Other contracts--31--31
Counterparty netting and cash collateral---(2,102)(1,119)(3,221)
Total derivative assets1004,62699(2,102)(1,119)1,604
Short-term investments5841,100---1,684
Separate account assets73,9396,097---80,036
Total$81,232$255,366$44,362$(2,102)$(1,119)$377,739
Liabilities:
Policyholder contract deposits$-$52$1,509$-$-$1,561
Other policyholder funds-8---8
Derivative liabilities:
Interest rate contracts-3,04786--3,133
Foreign exchange contracts-1,4829--1,491
Equity contracts-984--102
Commodity contracts-6---6
Credit contracts--982--982
Other contracts--90--90
Counterparty netting and cash collateral---(2,102)(1,429)(3,531)
Total derivative liabilities-4,6331,171(2,102)(1,429)2,273
Long-term debt-5,253213--5,466
Other liabilities34316---350
Total$34$10,262$2,893$(2,102)$(1,429)$9,658

* Represents netting of derivative exposures covered by a qualifying master netting agreement.

Changes in Level 3 recurring fair value measurements
Net Changes in
Realized and Unrealized Gains
UnrealizedPurchases, (Losses) Included
Fair ValueGains (Losses)OtherSales,GrossGrossFair Valuein Income on
BeginningIncludedComprehensiveIssues andTransfersTransfersEndInstruments Held
(in millions)of Periodin IncomeIncome (Loss)Settlements, NetInOutof Periodat End of Period
Three Months Ended June 30, 2015
Assets:
Bonds available for sale:
Obligations of states, municipalities
and political subdivisions$2,256$-$(124)$93$-$(45)$2,180$-
Non-U.S. governments34-(1)---33-
Corporate debt1,82714(50)(85)412-2,118-
RMBS17,345281(99)(430)--17,097-
CMBS2,69422(40)17-(16)2,677-
CDO/ABS6,45397(196)(283)--6,071-
Total bonds available for sale30,609414(510)(688)412(61)30,176-
Other bond securities:
Corporate debt16-----16-
RMBS1,28845-1615(27)1,33731
CMBS2698-(54)--2231
CDO/ABS7,850265-(688)-(1)7,42693
Total other bond securities9,423318-(726)15(28)9,002125
Equity securities available for sale:
Common stock12-(3)----
Total equity securities available for sale12-(3)----
Other equity securities22-----22-
Mortgage and other loans receivable6-----6-
Other invested assets5,09881(38)(92)91(65)5,075-
Total$45,159$815$(548)$(1,509)$518$(154)$44,281$125
Liabilities:
Policyholder contract deposits$(1,835)$736$-$(133)$-$-$(1,232)$110
Derivative liabilities, net:
Interest rate contracts(69)4-3--(62)3
Foreign exchange contracts(8)2-(1)--(7)1
Equity contracts66(2)-(1)--63(3)
Commodity contracts--------
Credit contracts(791)13-227--(551)22
Other contracts(59)59(2)(14)--(16)33
Total derivative liabilities, net(a)(861)76(2)214--(573)56
Long-term debt(b)(186)(13)-6--(193)(6)
Total$(2,882)$799$(2)$87$-$-$(1,998)$160

Net Changes in
Realized and Unrealized Gains
UnrealizedPurchases, (Losses) Included
Fair ValueGains (Losses)OtherSales,GrossGrossFair Valuein Income on
BeginningIncludedComprehensiveIssues andTransfersTransfersEndInstruments Held
(in millions)of Period(a)in IncomeIncome (Loss)Settlements, NetInOutof Periodat End of Period
Six Months Ended June 30, 2015
Assets:
Bonds available for sale:
Obligations of states, municipalities
and political subdivisions$2,159$1$(79)$158$-$(59)$2,180$-
Non-U.S. governments30-(1)4--33-
Corporate debt1,88314(33)(146)456(56)2,118-
RMBS16,805539(171)(76)--17,097-
CMBS2,69646(30)47-(82)2,677-
CDO/ABS6,110130(167)119-(121)6,071-
Total bonds available for sale29,683730(481)106456(318)30,176-
Other bond securities:
Corporate debt----16-16(1)
RMBS1,10526-22044(58)1,3371
CMBS3698-(154)--2238
CDO/ABS7,449397-(926)581(75)7,42651
Total other bond securities8,923431-(860)641(133)9,00259
Equity securities available for sale:
Common stock12-(3)----
Total equity securities available for sale12-(3)----
Other equity securities----22-22-
Mortgage and other loans receivable6-----6-
Other invested assets5,650527(549)(586)98(65)5,075-
Total$44,263$1,690$(1,030)$(1,343)$1,217$(516)$44,281$59
Liabilities:
Policyholder contract deposits$(1,509)$461$-$(184)$-$-$(1,232)$40
Derivative liabilities, net:
Interest rate contracts(74)--12--(62)(1)
Foreign exchange contracts(8)3-(2)--(7)3
Equity contracts476-10--632
Commodity contracts--------
Credit contracts(978)160-267--(551)50
Other contracts(59)73-(30)--(16)48
Total derivative liabilities, net(a)(1,072)242-257--(573)102
Long-term debt(b)(213)2-18--(193)13
Total$(2,794)$705$-$91$-$-$(1,998)$155

Net Changes in
Realized and Unrealized Gains
UnrealizedPurchases, (Losses) Included
Fair valueGains (Losses)OtherSales,GrossGrossFair valuein Income on
BeginningIncludedComprehensiveIssues andTransfersTransfersEndInstruments Held
(in millions)of Periodin IncomeIncome (Loss)Settlements, NetInOutof Periodat End of Period
Three Months Ended June 30, 2014
Assets:
Bonds available for sale:
Obligations of states, municipalities
and political subdivisions$2,042$-$74$7$-$(132)$1,991$-
Non-U.S. governments17--44-25-
Corporate debt1,815933(71)707(297)2,196-
RMBS15,76425112767119-16,328-
CMBS5,74117129(7)69(32)5,917-
CDO/ABS6,610181726103(27)7,431-
Total bonds available for sale31,9892953647261,002(488)33,888-
Other bond securities:
RMBS1,06923-(32)2-1,0622
CMBS77021-(40)6-75719
CDO/ABS8,498334-(436)1-8,397122
Total other bond securities10,337378-(508)9-10,216143
Equity securities available for sale:
Common stock--------
Preferred stock--------
Total equity securities available for sale--------
Mortgage and other loans receivable---6--6-
Other invested assets5,9908(5)(15)-(154)5,824-
Total$48,316$681$359$209$1,011$(642)$49,934$143
Liabilities:
Policyholder contract deposits$(765)$(58)$(16)$(3)$-$-$(842)$(37)
Derivative liabilities, net:
Interest rate contracts(98)8-23--(67)8
Foreign exchange contracts-3-(12)--(9)3
Equity contracts8811-(8)--9111
Commodity contracts1-----1-
Credit contracts(1,185)75-25--(1,085)69
Other contracts(109)1848(10)--(53)16
Total derivatives liabilities, net(a)(1,303)1154818--(1,122)107
Long-term debt(b)(403)(5)-14--(394)(4)
Total$(2,471)$52$32$29$-$-$(2,358)$66

Net Changes in
Realized and Unrealized Gains
UnrealizedPurchases, (Losses) Included
Fair valueGains (Losses)OtherSales,GrossGrossFair valuein Income on
BeginningIncludedComprehensiveIssues andTransfersTransfersEndInstruments Held
(in millions)of Periodin IncomeIncome (Loss)Settlements, NetInOutof Periodat End of Period
Six Months Ended June 30, 2014
Assets:
Bonds available for sale:
Obligations of states, municipalities
and political subdivisions(c)$1,080$-$191$853$-$(133)$1,991$-
Non-U.S. governments16-(1)64-25-
Corporate debt1,255653(67)1,355(406)2,196-
RMBS14,941495260624119(111)16,328-
CMBS5,73523240(57)69(93)5,917-
CDO/ABS6,974523734169(501)7,431-
Total bonds available for sale30,0015767462,0931,716(1,244)33,888-
Other bond securities:
RMBS93751-722-1,06217
CMBS84438-(131)6-75732
CDO/ABS8,834669-(887)1(220)8,397286
Total other bond securities10,615758-(946)9(220)10,216335
Equity securities available for sale:
Common stock1----(1)--
Preferred stock--------
Total equity securities available for sale1----(1)--
Mortgage and other loans receivable---6--6-
Other invested assets5,93087493485(361)5,824-
Total$46,547$1,421$795$1,187$1,810$(1,826)$49,934$335
Liabilities:
Policyholder contract deposits$(312)$(532)$(24)$26$-$-$(842)$(120)
Derivative liabilities, net:
Interest rate contracts(100)2-32-(1)(67)4
Foreign exchange contracts-3-(12)--(9)4
Equity contracts498-(14)48-915
Commodity contracts1-----1-
Credit contracts(1,280)154-41--(1,085)164
Other contracts(109)3547(26)--(53)27
Total derivatives liabilities, net(a)(1,439)202472148(1)(1,122)204
Long-term debt(b)(370)(8)-33(70)21(394)5
Total$(2,121)$(338)$23$80$(22)$20$(2,358)$89

(a) Total Level 3 derivative exposures have been netted in these tables for presentation purposes only.

(b) Includes guaranteed investment agreements (GIAs), notes, bonds, loans and mortgages payable.

(c) Purchases, Sales, Issues and Settlements, Net primarily reflect the effect of consolidating previously unconsolidated securitization vehicles.

Schedule of net realized and unrealized gains and losses related to Level 3 items
NetNet Realized
InvestmentCapital Other
(in millions)IncomeGains (Losses)IncomeTotal
Three Months Ended June 30, 2015
Bonds available for sale$311$10$93$414
Other bond securities23(3)298318
Equity securities available for sale-2-2
Other invested assets18(12)7581
Policyholder contract deposits-736-736
Derivative liabilities, net(19)(1)9676
Long-term debt--(13)(13)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2014
Bonds available for sale$298$(15)$12$295
Other bond securities491328378
Equity securities available for sale----
Other invested assets12(9)58
Policyholder contract deposits-(58)-(58)
Derivative liabilities, net16891115
Long-term debt--(5)(5)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2015
Bonds available for sale$622$1$107$730
Other bond securities413387431
Equity securities available for sale-2-2
Other invested assets8637764527
Policyholder contract deposits-461-461
Derivative liabilities, net-5237242
Long-term debt--22
Six Months Ended June 30, 2014
Bonds available for sale$602$(51)$25$576
Other bond securities1002656758
Equity securities available for sale----
Other invested assets89(13)1187
Policyholder contract deposits-(532)-(532)
Derivative liabilities, net315166202
Long-term debt--(8)(8)
Gross components of purchases, sales, issuances and settlements, net
Purchases,
Sales, Issues and
(in millions)PurchasesSalesSettlementsSettlements, Net(a)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2015
Assets:
Bonds available for sale:
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions$116$-$(23)$93
Non-U.S. governments2-(2)-
Corporate debt182(10)(257)(85)

RMBS446(143)(733)(430)
CMBS70-(53)17
CDO/ABS282(178)(387)(283)
Total bonds available for sale1,098(331)(1,455)(688)
Other bond securities:
RMBS64(4)(44)16
CMBS-(43)(11)(54)
CDO/ABS12(331)(369)(688)
Total other bond securities76(378)(424)(726)
Equity securities available for sale-(2)(1)(3)
Other invested assets64(1)(155)(92)
Total assets$1,238$(712)$(2,035)$(1,509)
Liabilities:
Policyholder contract deposits$-$(112)$(21)$(133)
Derivative liabilities, net2-212214
Long-term debt(b)--66
Total liabilities$2$(112)$197$87
Three Months Ended June 30, 2014
Assets:
Bonds available for sale:
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions$48$(27)$(14)$7
Non-U.S. governments5-(1)4
Corporate debt63(1)(133)(71)
RMBS665(11)(587)67
CMBS27-(34)(7)
CDO/ABS892(2)(164)726
Total bonds available for sale1,700(41)(933)726
Other bond securities:
RMBS21(14)(39)(32)
CMBS--(40)(40)
CDO/ABS23(8)(451)(436)
Total other bond securities44(22)(530)(508)
Equity securities available for sale----
Mortgage and other loans receivable6--6
Other invested assets137(1)(151)(15)
Total assets$1,887$(64)$(1,614)$209
Liabilities:
Policyholder contract deposits$-$(46)$43$(3)
Derivative liabilities, net--1818
Long-term debt(b)--1414
Total liabilities$-$(46)$75$29
Purchases,
Sales, Issues and
(in millions)PurchasesSalesSettlementsSettlements, Net(a)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2015
Assets:
Bonds available for sale:
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions$223$(22)$(43)$158
Non-U.S. governments8-(4)4
Corporate debt188(60)(274)(146)

RMBS1,407(165)(1,318)(76)
CMBS142(27)(68)47
CDO/ABS861(201)(541)119
Total bonds available for sale2,829(475)(2,248)106
Other bond securities:
RMBS309(10)(79)220
CMBS-(79)(75)(154)
CDO/ABS226(371)(781)(926)
Total other bond securities535(460)(935)(860)
Equity securities available for sale-(2)(1)(3)
Other invested assets304(587)(303)(586)
Total assets$3,668$(1,524)$(3,487)$(1,343)
Liabilities:
Policyholder contract deposits$-$(185)$1$(184)
Derivative liabilities, net17-240257
Long-term debt(b)--1818
Total liabilities$17$(185)$259$91
Six Months Ended June 30, 2014
Assets:
Bonds available for sale:
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions(c)$936$(32)$(51)$853
Non-U.S. governments7-(1)6
Corporate debt119(8)(178)(67)
RMBS1,752(26)(1,102)624
CMBS92(57)(92)(57)
CDO/ABS1,222(2)(486)734
Total bonds available for sale4,128(125)(1,910)2,093
Other bond securities:
RMBS162(19)(71)72
CMBS-(6)(125)(131)
CDO/ABS44(15)(916)(887)
Total other bond securities206(40)(1,112)(946)
Equity securities available for sale----
Mortgage and other loans receivable6--6
Other invested assets433(1)(398)34
Total assets$4,773$(166)$(3,420)$1,187
Liabilities:
Policyholder contract deposits$-$(58)$84$26
Derivative liabilities, net1-2021
Long-term debt(b)--3333
Total liabilities$1$(58)$137$80

(a) There were no issuances during the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

(b) Includes GIAs, notes, bonds, loans and mortgages payable.

(c) Purchases primarily reflect the effect of consolidating previously unconsolidated securitization vehicles.

Significant unobservable inputs used for recurring fair value measurements
Fair Value at
June 30,ValuationRange
(in millions)2015TechniqueUnobservable Input(Weighted Average)
Assets:
Obligations of states,$1,224Discounted cash flowYield(b)4.32% - 5.14% (4.73%)
municipalities and
political subdivisions
Corporate debt1,519Discounted cash flowYield(b)4.27% - 7.64% (5.96%)
RMBS17,727Discounted cash flowConstant prepayment rate(a)(c)0.88% - 9.02% (4.95%)
Loss severity(a)(c)46.61% - 79.61% (63.11%)
Constant default rate(a)(c)3.54% - 8.93% (6.23%)
Yield(c)2.93% - 6.27% (4.60%)
CDO/ABS3,819Discounted cash flowConstant prepayment rate(a)(c)6.70% - 13.10% (9.40%)
Loss severity(a)(c)39.90% - 55.20% (47.70%)
Constant default rate(a)(c)2.50% - 13.50% (7.30%)
Yield(c)4.40% - 8.20% (7.00%)
CMBS2,638Discounted cash flowYield(b)0.00% - 17.59% (5.97%)
Liabilities:
Policyholder contract
deposits
GMWB434Discounted cash flowEquity implied volatility(b)6.00% - 39.00%(d)
Base lapse rate(b)1.00% - 40.00%(d)
Dynamic lapse rate(b)0.20% - 60.00%(d)
Mortality rate(b)0.10% - 35.00%(d)
Utilization rate(b)0.50% - 30.00%(d)
Index Annuities461Discounted cash flowLapse rate0.75% - 66.00%(d)
Mortality rate0.02% - 44.06%(d)
Index Life285Discounted cash flowEquity implied volatility10.00% to 25.00%(d)
Base lapse rate2.00% to 19.00%(d)
Mortality rate0.00% to 20.00%(d)
Total derivative
liabilities, net299Binomial Expansion Recovery rate(b)8.00% - 23.00% (13.00%)
Technique (BET)Diversity score(b)9 - 10 (10)
Weighted average life(b)4.51 - 8.44 years (7.06 years)

Fair Value at
December 31,ValuationRange
(in millions)2014TechniqueUnobservable Input(Weighted Average )
Assets:
Obligations of states,$1,178Discounted cash flowYield(b)3.9% - 4.62% (4.26%)
municipalities and
political subdivisions
Corporate debt1,145Discounted cash flowYield(b)3.46% - 8.75% (6.10%)
RMBS17,353Discounted cash flowConstant prepayment rate(a)(c)0.59% - 9.35% (4.97%)
Loss severity(a)(c)46.04% - 79.56% (62.80%)
Constant default rate(a)(c)3.67% - 9.96% (6.82%)
Yield(c)2.67% - 6.64% (4.65%)
CDO/ABS5,282Discounted cash flowConstant prepayment rate(a)(c)6.40% - 12.80% (9.20%)
Loss severity(a)(c)42.90% - 60.30% (51.90%)
Constant default rate(a)(c)2.50% - 14.70% (7.80%)
Yield(c)4.70% - 9.70% (7.10%)
CMBS2,687Discounted cash flowYield(b)0.00% - 17.29% (6.06%)
Liabilities:
Policyholder contract
deposits
GMWB890Discounted cash flowEquity implied volatility(b)6.00% - 39.00%(d)
Base lapse rate(b)1.00% - 40.00%(d)
Dynamic lapse rate(b)0.20% - 60.00%(d)
Mortality rate(b)0.10% - 35.00%(d)
Utilization rate(b)0.50% - 30.00%(d)
Index Annuities294Discounted cash flowLapse rate0.75% - 66.00%(d)
Mortality rate0.02% - 44.06%(d)
Index Life259Discounted cash flowEquity implied volatility10.00% to 25.00%(d)
Base lapse rate2.00% to 19.00%(d)
Mortality rate0.00% to 20.00%(d)
Total derivative
liabilities, net791BETRecovery rate(b)5.00% - 23.00% (13.00%)
Diversity score(b)8 - 25 (13)
Weighted average life(b)2.67 - 10.49 years (4.65 years)

(a) The unobservable inputs and ranges for the constant prepayment rate, loss severity and constant default rate relate to each of the individual underlying mortgage loans that comprise the entire portfolio of securities in the RMBS and CDO securitization vehicles and not necessarily to the securitization vehicle bonds (tranches) purchased by us. The ranges of these inputs do not directly correlate to changes in the fair values of the tranches purchased by us because there are other factors relevant to the fair values of specific tranches owned by us including, but not limited to, purchase price, position in the waterfall, senior versus subordinated position and attachment points.

(b) Represents discount rates, estimates and assumptions that we believe would be used by market participants when valuing these assets and liabilities.

(c) Information received from independent third-party valuation service providers.

(d) Represents actual maximum and minimum, not weighted average rates.

Investments in Certain Entities Carried at Fair Value Using Net Asset Value per Share
June 30, 2015December 31, 2014
Fair Value Using Net Asset Value Per Share (or its equivalent)Fair Value Using Net Asset Value Per Share (or its equivalent)
UnfundedUnfunded
(in millions)Investment Category IncludesCommitmentsCommitments
Investment Category
Private equity funds:
Leveraged buyoutDebt and/or equity investments made as part of a transaction in which assets of mature companies are acquired from the current shareholders, typically with the use of financial leverage$2,008$446$2,275$450
Real Estate / InfrastructureInvestments in real estate properties and infrastructure positions, including power plants and other energy generating facilities359203384227
Venture capitalEarly-stage, high-potential, growth companies expected to generate a return through an eventual realization event, such as an initial public offering or sale of the company1193412126
DistressedSecurities of companies that are in default, under bankruptcy protection, or troubled 1574316443
OtherIncludes multi-strategy, mezzanine and other strategies259213216234
Total private equity funds2,9029393,160980
Hedge funds:
Event-drivenSecurities of companies undergoing material structural changes, including mergers, acquisitions and other reorganizations1,288-1,109-
Long-shortSecurities that the manager believes are undervalued, with corresponding short positions to hedge market risk2,880162,4281
MacroInvestments that take long and short positions in financial instruments based on a top-down view of certain economic and capital market conditions562-498-
DistressedSecurities of companies that are in default, under bankruptcy protection or troubled 753157315
Emerging marketsInvestments in the financial markets of developing countries347-308-
OtherIncludes multi-strategy, relative value and other strategies182-125-
Total hedge funds6,012315,1996
Total$8,914$970$8,359$986
Gains or losses related to the eligible instruments for which AIG elected the fair value option
Gain (Loss) Three Months Ended June 30,Gain (Loss) Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)2015201420152014
Assets:
Bond and equity securities$460$611$601$1,277
Alternative Investments(a)11818263172
Other, including Short-term investments-225
Liabilities:
Long-term debt(b)131(135)55(209)
Other liabilities-(2)(3)(6)
Total gain$709$494$918$1,239

(a) Includes hedge funds, private equity funds and other investment partnerships.

(b) Includes GIAs, notes, bonds, loans and mortgages payable.

Difference between fair values and aggregate contractual principal amounts, fair value option
June 30, 2015December 31, 2014
OutstandingOutstanding
(in millions)Fair ValuePrincipal AmountDifferenceFair ValuePrincipal AmountDifference
Assets:
Mortgage and other loans receivable$6$4$2$6$4$2
Liabilities:
Long-term debt*$4,269$3,173$1,096$5,466$4,101$1,365

* Includes GIAs, notes, bonds, loans and mortgages payable.

Fair value assets measured on nonrecurring basis and impairment charges
Assets at Fair ValueImpairment Charges
Non-Recurring BasisThree Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total 2015201420152014
June 30, 2015
Other investments$-$-$1,000$1,000$27$20$52$55
Investments in life settlements--501501724514287
Other assets--12124-81
Total$-$-$1,513$1,513$103$65$202$143
December 31, 2014
Other investments$-$-$790$790
Investments in life settlements--537537
Other assets--11
Total$-$-$1,328$1,328
Carrying value and estimated fair value of AIG's financial instruments
Estimated Fair ValueCarrying
(in millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalValue
June 30, 2015
Assets:
Mortgage and other loans receivable$-$376$27,931$28,307$27,137
Other invested assets-5232,9833,5064,338
Short-term investments-11,584-11,58411,584
Cash1,937--1,9371,937
Liabilities:
Policyholder contract deposits associated
with investment-type contracts-268116,875117,143106,864
Other liabilities-899-899899
Long-term debt-23,5933,67427,26726,091
December 31, 2014
Assets:
Mortgage and other loans receivable$-$449$26,157$26,606$24,984
Other invested assets-5932,8823,4754,352
Short-term investments-9,559-9,5599,559
Cash1,758--1,7581,758
Liabilities:
Policyholder contract deposits associated
with investment-type contracts-244119,268119,512106,395
Other liabilities-1,120-1,1201,120
Long-term debt-24,7492,93227,68125,751