Research, Development & Engineering	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Research, Development & Engineering
Research, Development & Engineering	NOTE G. RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT & ENGINEERING RD&E expense was $6,567 million in 2022, $6,488 million in 2021 and $6,262 million in 2020. The company incurred total expense of $6,267 million, $6,216 million and $5,968 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, for scientific research and the application of scientific advances to the development of new and improved products and their uses, as well as services and their application. Within these amounts, software-related expense was $3,971 million, $3,922 million and $3,682 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Expense for product-related engineering was $299 million, $272 million and $295 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The entire disclosure for research, development, and computer software activities, including contracts and arrangements to be performed for others and with federal government. Includes costs incurred (1) in a planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service, a new process or technique, or in bringing about a significant improvement to an existing product or process; or (2) to translate research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process or for a significant improvement to an existing product or process whether intended for sale or the entity's use, during the reporting period charged to research and development projects, including the costs of developing computer software up to the point in time of achieving technological feasibility and in-process research and development acquired in a business combination consummated during the period.

Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 985
-SubTopic 730
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2197926

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