Research, Development & Engineering	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Research, Development & Engineering
Research, Development & Engineering	NOTE G. RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT & ENGINEERING RD&E expense was $6,488 million in 2021, $6,262 million in 2020 and $5,910 million in 2019. The company incurred total expense of $6,216 million, $5,968 million and $5,578 million in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, for scientific research and the application of scientific advances to the development of new and improved products and their uses, as well as services and their application. Within these amounts, software-related expense was $3,922 million, $3,682 million and $3,497 million in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Expense for product-related engineering was $272 million, $295 million and $334 million in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The entire disclosure for research, development, and computer software activities, including contracts and arrangements to be performed for others and with federal government. Includes costs incurred (1) in a planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service, a new process or technique, or in bringing about a significant improvement to an existing product or process; or (2) to translate research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process or for a significant improvement to an existing product or process whether intended for sale or the entity's use, during the reporting period charged to research and development projects, including the costs of developing computer software up to the point in time of achieving technological feasibility and in-process research and development acquired in a business combination consummated during the period.

Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 985
-SubTopic 730
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2197926

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