Retirement-Related Benefits - Cost of Pension Plans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Cost/(Income) of Pension Plans
Total defined benefit and contribution pension plans cost recognized in the Consolidated Income Statement	$ 610	$ 459	$ 1,789	$ 1,337
U.S. \| Pension Plans
Cost/(Income) of Pension Plans
Interest cost	$ 375	$ 470	$ 1,126	$ 1,411
Interest cost - income statement location	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense
Expected return on plan assets	$ (542)	$ (650)	$ (1,627)	$ (1,949)
Expected return on plan assets - income statement location	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits)	$ 4	$ 4	$ 12	$ 12
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits) - income statement location	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense
Recognized actuarial losses	$ 207	$ 140	$ 622	$ 419
Recognized actuarial losses - income statement location	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense
Curtailments and settlements - income statement location	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense
Other costs - income statement location	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense
Total net periodic pension / nonpension (income)/cost of defined benefit plans	$ 44	$ (36)	$ 133	$ (107)
Cost of defined contribution plans	148	151	457	440
Total defined benefit and contribution pension plans cost recognized in the Consolidated Income Statement	192	115	590	333
Non-U.S. \| Pension Plans
Cost/(Income) of Pension Plans
Service cost	99	93	289	279
Interest cost	$ 142	$ 202	$ 408	$ 616
Interest cost - income statement location	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense
Expected return on plan assets	$ (323)	$ (391)	$ (943)	$ (1,186)
Expected return on plan assets - income statement location	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits)	$ (5)	$ (7)	$ (14)	$ (20)
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits) - income statement location	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense
Recognized actuarial losses	$ 360	$ 313	$ 1,041	$ 939
Recognized actuarial losses - income statement location	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense
Curtailments and settlements	$ 21	$ 3	$ 42	$ 7
Curtailments and settlements - income statement location	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense
Multi-employer plans	$ 7	$ 10	$ 22	$ 26
Other costs/(credits)	$ 6	$ 11	$ 20	$ 22
Other costs - income statement location	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense	ibm:OtherIncomeAndExpense
Total net periodic pension / nonpension (income)/cost of defined benefit plans	$ 307	$ 235	$ 865	$ 683
Cost of defined contribution plans	111	109	334	321
Total defined benefit and contribution pension plans cost recognized in the Consolidated Income Statement	$ 418	$ 344	$ 1,200	$ 1,004

Amount of cost for multi-employer defined benefit plans.

No definition available.

Name:	ibm_MultiEmployerDefinedBenefitPlanCosts
Namespace Prefix:	ibm_
Data Type:	xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type:	debit
Period Type:	duration

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:	ibm_RetirementRelatedBenefitPlansDisclosuresLineItems
Namespace Prefix:	ibm_
Data Type:	xbrli:stringItemType
Balance Type:	na
Period Type:	duration

- Definition

Amount of gain (loss) recognized in net periodic benefit (cost) credit of defined benefit plan.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 45
-Paragraph 3A
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=109237824&loc=SL108413299-114919

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (h)(4)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118255775&loc=d3e1928-114920

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 55
-Paragraph 17
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118257860&loc=d3e4179-114921

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 55
-Paragraph 18
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118257860&loc=d3e4587-114921

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Subparagraph (a)(4)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118255775&loc=d3e2709-114920

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmortizationOfGainsLosses
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type:	credit
Period Type:	duration

- Definition

Amount of prior service cost (credit) recognized in net periodic benefit cost (credit) of defined benefit plan.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 55
-Paragraph 17
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118257860&loc=d3e4179-114921

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (h)(5)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118255775&loc=d3e1928-114920

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 45
-Paragraph 3A
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=109237824&loc=SL108413299-114919

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 55
-Paragraph 18
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118257860&loc=d3e4587-114921

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Subparagraph (a)(5)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118255775&loc=d3e2709-114920

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmortizationOfPriorServiceCostCredit
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type:	debit
Period Type:	duration

- Definition

Amount of expected return (loss) recognized in net periodic benefit (cost) credit, calculated based on expected long-term rate of return and market-related value of plan assets of defined benefit plan.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 55
-Paragraph 17
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118257860&loc=d3e4179-114921

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 55
-Paragraph 18
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118257860&loc=d3e4587-114921

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (h)(3)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118255775&loc=d3e1928-114920

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 45
-Paragraph 3A
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=109237824&loc=SL108413299-114919

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Subparagraph (a)(3)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118255775&loc=d3e2709-114920

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedReturnOnPlanAssets
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type:	credit
Period Type:	duration

- Definition

Amount of cost recognized for passage of time related to defined benefit plan.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (h)(2)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118255775&loc=d3e1928-114920

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 45
-Paragraph 3A
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=109237824&loc=SL108413299-114919

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 55
-Paragraph 17
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118257860&loc=d3e4179-114921

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 55
-Paragraph 18
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118257860&loc=d3e4587-114921

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (a)(2)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118255775&loc=d3e1928-114920

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Subparagraph (a)(2)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118255775&loc=d3e2709-114920

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanInterestCost
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type:	debit
Period Type:	duration

- Definition

Amount of net periodic benefit cost (credit) for defined benefit plan.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118255775&loc=d3e2709-114920

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 55
-Paragraph 17
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118257860&loc=d3e4179-114921

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 55
-Paragraph 18
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118257860&loc=d3e4587-114921

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (h)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118255775&loc=d3e1928-114920

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCost
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type:	debit
Period Type:	duration

- Definition

Indicates line item in statement of income or comprehensive income that includes amortization of gain (loss) component of net periodic benefit (cost) credit for defined benefit plan.

+ References

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCostCreditAmortizationOfGainLossStatementOfIncomeOrComprehensiveIncomeExtensibleList
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	srt-types:extensibleListItemType
Balance Type:	na
Period Type:	duration

- Definition

Indicates line item in statement of income or comprehensive income that includes amortization of prior service cost (credit) component of net periodic benefit cost (credit) for defined benefit plan.

+ References

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCostCreditAmortizationOfPriorServiceCostCreditStatementOfIncomeOrComprehensiveIncomeExtensibleList
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	srt-types:extensibleListItemType
Balance Type:	na
Period Type:	duration

- Definition

Indicates line item in statement of income or comprehensive income that includes expected return (loss) on plan asset component of net periodic benefit (cost) credit for defined benefit plan.

+ References

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCostCreditExpectedReturnLossStatementOfIncomeOrComprehensiveIncomeExtensibleList
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	srt-types:extensibleListItemType
Balance Type:	na
Period Type:	duration

- Definition

Indicates line item in statement of income or comprehensive income that includes interest cost component of net periodic benefit cost (credit) for defined benefit plan.

+ References

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCostCreditInterestCostStatementOfIncomeOrComprehensiveIncomeExtensibleList
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	srt-types:extensibleListItemType
Balance Type:	na
Period Type:	duration

- Definition

Indicates line item in statement of income or comprehensive income that includes cost (credit) component of net periodic benefit (cost) credit for defined benefit plan, classified as other.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCostCreditOtherCostCreditStatementOfIncomeOrComprehensiveIncomeExtensibleList
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	srt-types:extensibleListItemType
Balance Type:	na
Period Type:	duration

- Definition

Indicates line item in statement of income or comprehensive income that includes settlement and curtailment gain (loss) component of net periodic benefit (cost) credit for defined benefit plan.

+ References

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCostCreditSettlementAndCurtailmentGainLossStatementOfIncomeOrComprehensiveIncomeExtensibleList
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	srt-types:extensibleListItemType
Balance Type:	na
Period Type:	duration

- Definition

Amount of defined benefit plan cost (credit), classified as other.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanOtherCosts
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type:	debit
Period Type:	duration

- Definition

Amount of gain (loss) recognized in net periodic benefit (cost) credit from settlement and curtailment.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Subparagraph (a)(7)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118255775&loc=d3e2709-114920

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (h)(7)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118255775&loc=d3e1928-114920

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 45
-Paragraph 3A
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=109237824&loc=SL108413299-114919

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanRecognizedNetGainLossDueToSettlementsAndCurtailments1
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type:	credit
Period Type:	duration

- Definition

Amount of cost for actuarial present value of benefits attributed to service rendered by employee for defined benefit plan.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (h)(1)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118255775&loc=d3e1928-114920

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 55
-Paragraph 17
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118257860&loc=d3e4179-114921

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Subparagraph (a)(1)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118255775&loc=d3e2709-114920

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (a)(1)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118255775&loc=d3e1928-114920

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 55
-Paragraph 18
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118257860&loc=d3e4587-114921

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanServiceCost
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type:	debit
Period Type:	duration

- Definition

Amount of cost for defined contribution plan.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 70
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=49170846&loc=d3e28014-114942

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type:	debit
Period Type:	duration

- Definition

Amount of cost (reversal of cost) for pension benefits. Excludes other postretirement benefits.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_PensionExpense
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type:	debit
Period Type:	duration

- Details

Name:	us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=country_US
Namespace Prefix:
Data Type:	na
Balance Type:
Period Type:

- Details

Name:	us-gaap_RetirementPlanTypeAxis=us-gaap_PensionPlansDefinedBenefitMember
Namespace Prefix:
Data Type:	na
Balance Type:
Period Type:

- Details

Name:	us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignPlanMember
Namespace Prefix:
Data Type:	na
Balance Type:
Period Type: