The following table presents the company's intangible asset balances by major asset class:

* Amounts as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 include an increase in net intangible asset balances of $133 million and a decrease of $42 million, respectively, due to foreign currency translation.

**	Other intangibles are primarily acquired proprietary and non-proprietary business processes, methodologies and systems.

The net carrying amount of intangible assets decreased $1,273 million during the first nine months of 2020, primarily due to intangible asset amortization, partially offset by additions of capitalized software. The aggregate intangible asset amortization expense was $613 million and $1,858 million for the third quarter and first nine months of 2020, respectively, versus $614 million and $1,224 million for the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively. The increase in intangible amortization expense for the first nine months of 2020 was primarily due to an increase in the gross carrying amount of intangible assets from the Red Hat acquisition which closed in the third quarter of 2019. In addition, in the first nine months of 2020, the company retired $1,258 million of fully amortized intangible assets, impacting both the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization by this amount.

The future amortization expense relating to intangible assets currently recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheet is estimated to be the following at September 30, 2020:


	Capitalized		Acquired
(Dollars in millions)	Software		Intangibles		Total
Remainder of 2020	$	154	$	454	$	608
2021		501		1,766		2,267
2022		261		1,704		1,964
2023		68		1,390		1,458
2024		0		1,340		1,340
Thereafter		—		6,324		6,324

Goodwill

The changes in the goodwill balances by segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and for the year ended December 31, 2019 are as follows:


									Foreign
									Currency
					Purchase				Translation
(Dollars in millions)	Balance		Goodwill		Price				And Other		Balance
Segment	1/1/2020		Additions		Adjustments		Divestitures		Adjustments**		9/30/2020
Cloud & Cognitive Software	$	43,037	$	25	$	(139)	$	—	$	186	$	43,109
Global Business Services		5,775		—		—		—		47		5,822
Global Technology Services		7,141		—		—		—		13		7,154
Systems		2,270		—		—		—		1		2,270
Other—divested businesses		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	58,222	$	25	$	(139)	$	—	$	248	$	58,355


									Foreign
									Currency
					Purchase				Translation
(Dollars in millions)	Balance		Goodwill		Price				And Other		Balance
Segment	1/1/2019		Additions		Adjustments		Divestitures		Adjustments**		12/31/2019
Cloud & Cognitive Software*	$	24,463	$	18,399	$	133	$	—	$	41	$	43,037
Global Business Services		4,711		1,059		1		(1)		5		5,775
Global Technology Services		3,988		3,119		—		—		34		7,141
Systems		1,847		525		(110)		—		7		2,270
Other—divested businesses*		1,256		—		—		(1,256)		—		—
Total	$	36,265	$	23,102	$	24	$	(1,257)	$	87	$	58,222

* Recast to conform to 2020 presentation.

** Primarily driven by foreign currency translation.

There were no goodwill impairment losses recorded during the first nine months of 2020 or full year 2019 and the company has no accumulated impairment losses.

Purchase price adjustments recorded in the first nine months of 2020 and full year 2019 were related to acquisitions that were still subject to the measurement period that ends at the earlier of 12 months from the acquisition date or when information becomes available. During the first nine months of 2020, net purchase price adjustments recorded to noncurrent tax assets and liabilities were related to the Red Hat acquisition. Net purchase price adjustments recorded in full-year 2019 were not material.