11. Intangible Assets Including Goodwill: The following table details the company’s intangible asset balances by major asset class.

	At June 30, 2018
(Dollars in millions)	Gross Carrying		Accumulated			Net Carrying
Intangible asset class	Amount		Amortization			Amount
Capitalized software	$	1,563	$	(767	)	$	796
Client relationships	2,331		(1,219		)	1,113
Completed technology	2,585		(1,548		)	1,037
Patents/trademarks	662		(300		)	363
Other*	56		(19		)	36

Total	$	7,197	$	(3,853	)	$	3,344

* Other intangibles are primarily acquired proprietary and non-proprietary business processes, methodologies and systems.

	At December 31, 2017
(Dollars in millions)	Gross Carrying		Accumulated			Net Carrying
Intangible asset class	Amount		Amortization			Amount
Capitalized software	$	1,600	$	(790	)	$	810
Client relationships	2,358		(1,080		)	1,278
Completed technology	2,586		(1,376		)	1,210
Patents/trademarks	668		(256		)	413
Other*	47		(16		)	31

Total	$	7,260	$	(3,518	)	$	3,742

* Other intangibles are primarily acquired proprietary and non-proprietary business processes, methodologies and systems.

The net carrying amount of intangible assets decreased $398 million during the first six months of 2018, primarily due to intangible asset amortization, partially offset by additions resulting from capitalized software. The aggregate intangible amortization expense was $342 million and $683 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, versus $388 million and $777 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2017, respectively. In addition, in the first six months of 2018, the company retired $348 million of fully amortized intangible assets, impacting both the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization by this amount.

The amortization expense for each of the five succeeding years relating to intangible assets currently recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position is estimated to be the following at June 30, 2018:

	Capitalized		Acquired
(Dollars in millions)	Software		Intangibles		Total
2018 (for Q3 - Q4)	$	268	$	405	$	673
2019	344		676		1,020
2020	159		564		722
2021	26		450		476
2022	—		381		381

The change in the goodwill balances by reportable segment, for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and for the year ended December 31, 2017 are as follows:

										Foreign
										Currency
					Purchase					Translation
(Dollars in millions)	Balance		Goodwill		Price					And Other			Balance
Segment	01/01/18		Additions		Adjustments		Divestitures			Adjustments*			6/30/18
Cognitive Solutions	$	19,665	$	10	$	0	$	(1	)	$	(165	)	$	19,509
Global Business Services	4,813		24		0		—			(71		)	4,766
Technology Services & Cloud Platforms	10,447		—		0		—			(94		)	10,353
Systems	1,862		—		—		—			(9		)	1,854

Total	$	36,788	$	34	$	0	$	(1	)	$	(340	)	$	36,482

* Primarily driven by foreign currency translation.

											Foreign
											Currency
					Purchase						Translation
(Dollars in millions)	Balance		Goodwill		Price						And Other		Balance
Segment	01/01/17		Additions		Adjustments			Divestitures			Adjustments*		12/31/17
Cognitive Solutions	$	19,484	$	3	$	(38	)	$	(20	)	$	235	$	19,665
Global Business Services	4,607		—		2			—			204		4,813
Technology Services & Cloud Platforms	10,258		13		(2		)	—			179		10,447
Systems	1,850		—		0			—			13		1,862

Total	$	36,199	$	16	$	(38	)	$	(20	)	$	631	$	36,788

* Primarily driven by foreign currency translation.

There were no goodwill impairment losses recorded during the first six months of 2018 or the full year of 2017 and the company has no accumulated impairment losses.

Purchase price adjustments recorded in the first six months of 2018 and full year 2017 were related to acquisitions that were completed on or prior to March 31, 2018 or September 30, 2017, respectively, and were still subject to the measurement period that ends at the earlier of 12 months from the acquisition date or when information becomes available. Net purchase price adjustments recorded during the first six months of 2018 were not material. Net purchase price adjustments of $38 million were recorded during 2017, with the primary drivers being deferred tax assets, other taxes payable and other current liabilities associated with the Truven Health Analytics, Inc. and The Weather Company acquisitions.