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RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS - Plan Assets (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Pension Plans | U.S.      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Fair value of plan assets $ 52,694 $ 51,405 $ 51,716
Pension Plans | U.S. | Qualified Plans | Personal Pension Plan (PPP)      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 43,302 41,969  
Investments measured at net asset value using the NAV expedient 9,537 9,641  
Other (145) (205)  
Fair value of plan assets 52,694 51,405  
Pension Plans | U.S. | Qualified Plans | Personal Pension Plan (PPP) | Equity securities      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 2,215 5,779  
Value of IBM securities included in plan assets $ 14 $ 28  
Percentage of IBM securities included in plan assets 0.03% 0.10%  
Pension Plans | U.S. | Qualified Plans | Personal Pension Plan (PPP) | Equity mutual funds      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal $ 108 $ 93  
Pension Plans | U.S. | Qualified Plans | Personal Pension Plan (PPP) | Government and related      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 19,762 14,897  
Pension Plans | U.S. | Qualified Plans | Personal Pension Plan (PPP) | Corporate bonds      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 18,236 18,164  
Value of IBM securities included in plan assets $ 1 $ 4  
Percentage of IBM securities included in plan assets 0.002% 0.01%  
Pension Plans | U.S. | Qualified Plans | Personal Pension Plan (PPP) | Mortgage and asset-backed securities      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal $ 623 $ 656  
Pension Plans | U.S. | Qualified Plans | Personal Pension Plan (PPP) | Fixed income mutual funds      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 338 359  
Pension Plans | U.S. | Qualified Plans | Personal Pension Plan (PPP) | Cash and short-term investments      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 2,004 1,982  
Pension Plans | U.S. | Qualified Plans | Personal Pension Plan (PPP) | Derivatives      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 17 38  
Pension Plans | U.S. | Qualified Plans | Personal Pension Plan (PPP) | Level 1      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 2,782 6,303  
Fair value of plan assets 2,782 6,303  
Pension Plans | U.S. | Qualified Plans | Personal Pension Plan (PPP) | Level 1 | Equity securities      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 2,215 5,778  
Pension Plans | U.S. | Qualified Plans | Personal Pension Plan (PPP) | Level 1 | Equity mutual funds      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 108 93  
Pension Plans | U.S. | Qualified Plans | Personal Pension Plan (PPP) | Level 1 | Fixed income mutual funds      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 338 359  
Pension Plans | U.S. | Qualified Plans | Personal Pension Plan (PPP) | Level 1 | Cash and short-term investments      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 100 55  
Pension Plans | U.S. | Qualified Plans | Personal Pension Plan (PPP) | Level 1 | Derivatives      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 21 18  
Pension Plans | U.S. | Qualified Plans | Personal Pension Plan (PPP) | Level 2      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 40,144 35,560  
Fair value of plan assets 40,144 35,560  
Pension Plans | U.S. | Qualified Plans | Personal Pension Plan (PPP) | Level 2 | Equity securities      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 0 1  
Pension Plans | U.S. | Qualified Plans | Personal Pension Plan (PPP) | Level 2 | Government and related      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 19,762 14,897  
Pension Plans | U.S. | Qualified Plans | Personal Pension Plan (PPP) | Level 2 | Corporate bonds      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 17,864 18,063  
Pension Plans | U.S. | Qualified Plans | Personal Pension Plan (PPP) | Level 2 | Mortgage and asset-backed securities      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 619 652  
Pension Plans | U.S. | Qualified Plans | Personal Pension Plan (PPP) | Level 2 | Cash and short-term investments      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 1,903 1,927  
Pension Plans | U.S. | Qualified Plans | Personal Pension Plan (PPP) | Level 2 | Derivatives      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal (4) 20  
Pension Plans | U.S. | Qualified Plans | Personal Pension Plan (PPP) | Level 3      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 376 106  
Fair value of plan assets 376 106 12
Pension Plans | U.S. | Qualified Plans | Personal Pension Plan (PPP) | Level 3 | Corporate bonds      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 372 101  
Fair value of plan assets 372 101 2
Pension Plans | U.S. | Qualified Plans | Personal Pension Plan (PPP) | Level 3 | Mortgage and asset-backed securities      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 4 5  
Fair value of plan assets 4 5 10
Pension Plans | Non-U.S.      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 19,107 17,122  
Investments measured at net asset value using the NAV expedient 21,744 18,946  
Other (52) (48)  
Fair value of plan assets 40,798 36,020 35,748
Pension Plans | Non-U.S. | Equity securities      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 3,508 4,080  
Value of IBM securities included in plan assets $ 7 $ 15  
Percentage of IBM securities included in plan assets 0.02% 0.04%  
Pension Plans | Non-U.S. | Equity mutual funds      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal $ 24 $ 35  
Pension Plans | Non-U.S. | Government and related      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 10,111 7,593  
Pension Plans | Non-U.S. | Corporate bonds      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 2,000 2,045  
Value of IBM securities included in plan assets $ 1 $ 1  
Percentage of IBM securities included in plan assets 0.002% 0.003%  
Pension Plans | Non-U.S. | Mortgage and asset-backed securities      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal $ 5 $ 4  
Pension Plans | Non-U.S. | Fixed income mutual funds      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 86 22  
Pension Plans | Non-U.S. | Insurance contracts      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 1,366 1,137  
Pension Plans | Non-U.S. | Cash and short-term investments      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 827 1,001  
Pension Plans | Non-U.S. | Real estate      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 356 294  
Pension Plans | Non-U.S. | Derivatives      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 764 796  
Pension Plans | Non-U.S. | Other mutual funds      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 60 114  
Pension Plans | Non-U.S. | Level 1      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 3,918 4,589  
Fair value of plan assets 3,918 4,589  
Pension Plans | Non-U.S. | Level 1 | Equity securities      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 3,508 4,080  
Pension Plans | Non-U.S. | Level 1 | Equity mutual funds      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 24 35  
Pension Plans | Non-U.S. | Level 1 | Fixed income mutual funds      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 86 22  
Pension Plans | Non-U.S. | Level 1 | Cash and short-term investments      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 221 294  
Pension Plans | Non-U.S. | Level 1 | Derivatives      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 20 43  
Pension Plans | Non-U.S. | Level 1 | Other mutual funds      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 60 114  
Pension Plans | Non-U.S. | Level 2      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 14,824 12,223  
Fair value of plan assets 14,824 12,223  
Pension Plans | Non-U.S. | Level 2 | Equity securities      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 0 0  
Pension Plans | Non-U.S. | Level 2 | Government and related      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 10,103 7,577  
Pension Plans | Non-U.S. | Level 2 | Corporate bonds      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 2,000 2,045  
Pension Plans | Non-U.S. | Level 2 | Mortgage and asset-backed securities      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 5 4  
Pension Plans | Non-U.S. | Level 2 | Insurance contracts      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 1,366 1,137  
Pension Plans | Non-U.S. | Level 2 | Cash and short-term investments      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 606 707  
Pension Plans | Non-U.S. | Level 2 | Derivatives      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 744 752  
Pension Plans | Non-U.S. | Level 3      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 365 310  
Fair value of plan assets 365 310 431
Pension Plans | Non-U.S. | Level 3 | Government and related      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 8 16  
Fair value of plan assets 8 16 16
Pension Plans | Non-U.S. | Level 3 | Corporate bonds      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal   1  
Fair value of plan assets   1 4
Pension Plans | Non-U.S. | Level 3 | Real estate      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Subtotal 356 294  
Fair value of plan assets 356 294 411
Nonpension Postretirement Plans | U.S.      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Fair value of plan assets 18 26 71
Nonpension Postretirement Plans | U.S. | Level 1 | Cash equivalents      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Fair value of plan assets 18    
Nonpension Postretirement Plans | U.S. | Level 1 | Cash      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Fair value of plan assets   26  
Nonpension Postretirement Plans | Non-U.S.      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Fair value of plan assets 70 71 $ 59
Nonpension Postretirement Plans | Non-U.S. | Level 2 | Government and related fixed income securities and corporate bonds      
RETIREMENT-RELATED BENEFITS      
Fair value of plan assets $ 70 $ 71