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Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Dec. 31, 2012
Cash flows from operating activities      
Net income $ 12,022us-gaap_ProfitLoss $ 16,483us-gaap_ProfitLoss $ 16,604us-gaap_ProfitLoss
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities      
Depreciation 3,145us-gaap_Depreciation 3,327us-gaap_Depreciation 3,392us-gaap_Depreciation
Amortization of intangibles 1,347us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets 1,351us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets 1,284us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets
Stock-based compensation 512us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation 614us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation 688us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation
Deferred taxes (237)us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit (1,610)us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit 797us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
Net (gain)/loss on asset sales and other (1,535)us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfOtherAssets (236)us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfOtherAssets (729)us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfOtherAssets
Loss on microelectronics business disposal 3,381us-gaap_DiscontinuedOperationGainLossOnDisposalOfDiscontinuedOperationNetOfTax    
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions/divestitures      
Receivables (including financing receivables) 1,270us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInReceivables (1,407)us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInReceivables (2,230)us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInReceivables
Retirement related (655)ibm_IncreaseDecreaseInRetirementRelatedAssetsAndLiabilities 294ibm_IncreaseDecreaseInRetirementRelatedAssetsAndLiabilities (1,008)ibm_IncreaseDecreaseInRetirementRelatedAssetsAndLiabilities
Inventories (39)us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories (57)us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories 280us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories
Other assets/other liabilities (1,886)us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingCapitalNet (747)us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingCapitalNet 733us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingCapitalNet
Accounts payable (456)us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable (529)us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable (224)us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable
Net cash provided by operating activities 16,868us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations 17,485us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations 19,586us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations
Cash flows from investing activities      
Payments for property, plant and equipment (3,740)us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment (3,623)us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment (4,082)us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment
Proceeds from disposition of property, plant and equipment 404us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipment 372us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipment 410us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipment
Investment in software (443)us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireSoftware (517)us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireSoftware (635)us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireSoftware
Purchases of marketable securities and other investments (2,338)us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireInvestments (4,608)us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireInvestments (4,109)us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireInvestments
Proceeds from disposition of marketable securities and other investments 2,493us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleMaturityAndCollectionsOfInvestments 4,873us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleMaturityAndCollectionsOfInvestments 3,142us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleMaturityAndCollectionsOfInvestments
Non-operating finance receivables - net (1,078)ibm_NonOperatingFinanceReceivablesNet (1,063)ibm_NonOperatingFinanceReceivablesNet (608)ibm_NonOperatingFinanceReceivablesNet
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired (656)us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired (3,056)us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired (3,722)us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired
Divestitures of businesses, net of cash transferred 2,357us-gaap_ProceedsFromDivestitureOfBusinessesNetOfCashDivested 297us-gaap_ProceedsFromDivestitureOfBusinessesNetOfCashDivested 599us-gaap_ProceedsFromDivestitureOfBusinessesNetOfCashDivested
Net cash used in investing activities (3,001)us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperations (7,326)us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperations (9,004)us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperations
Cash flows from financing activities      
Proceeds from new debt 8,180us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfLongTermDebtAndCapitalSecuritiesNet 16,353us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfLongTermDebtAndCapitalSecuritiesNet 12,242us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfLongTermDebtAndCapitalSecuritiesNet
Payments to settle debt (4,644)us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLongTermDebtAndCapitalSecurities (10,013)us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLongTermDebtAndCapitalSecurities (9,549)us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLongTermDebtAndCapitalSecurities
Short-term borrowings/(repayments) less than 90 days - net (1,753)us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfShortTermDebt 621us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfShortTermDebt (441)us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfShortTermDebt
Common stock repurchases (13,679)us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock (13,859)us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock (11,995)us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock
Common stock transactions - other 709us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOrSaleOfEquity 1,074us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOrSaleOfEquity 1,540us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOrSaleOfEquity
Cash dividends paid (4,265)us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividendsCommonStock (4,058)us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividendsCommonStock (3,773)us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividendsCommonStock
Net cash used in financing activities (15,452)us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations (9,883)us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations (11,976)us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents (655)us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashAndCashEquivalentsContinuingOperations 28us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashAndCashEquivalentsContinuingOperations (116)us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashAndCashEquivalentsContinuingOperations
Net change in cash and cash equivalents (2,240)us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease 304us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease (1,511)us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease
Cash and cash equivalents at January 1 10,716us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue 10,412us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue 11,922us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue
Cash and cash equivalents at December 31 8,476us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue 10,716us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue 10,412us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue
Supplemental data      
Income taxes paid-net of refunds received 5,748us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet 4,024us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet 3,169us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet
Interest paid on debt 1,061us-gaap_InterestPaidNet 982us-gaap_InterestPaidNet 1,009us-gaap_InterestPaidNet
Capital lease obligations $ 2us-gaap_CapitalLeaseObligationsIncurred $ 14us-gaap_CapitalLeaseObligationsIncurred $ 10us-gaap_CapitalLeaseObligationsIncurred