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Stock-Based Compensation (Stock-based Compensation Table) (Details 2) (Continuing Operations, USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Dec. 31, 2012
Stock-based compensation cost, allocation of recognized costs      
Pre-tax stock-based compensation cost $ 512us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense $ 614us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense $ 688us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
Income tax benefits (174)us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationTaxBenefitFromCompensationExpense (213)us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationTaxBenefitFromCompensationExpense (240)us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationTaxBenefitFromCompensationExpense
Net stock-based compensation cost 338us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpenseNetOfTax 402us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpenseNetOfTax 448us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpenseNetOfTax
Cost      
Stock-based compensation cost, allocation of recognized costs      
Pre-tax stock-based compensation cost 121us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
/ us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis
= us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember
/ us-gaap_StatementOperatingActivitiesSegmentAxis
= us-gaap_SegmentContinuingOperationsMember
122us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
/ us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis
= us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember
/ us-gaap_StatementOperatingActivitiesSegmentAxis
= us-gaap_SegmentContinuingOperationsMember
132us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
/ us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis
= us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember
/ us-gaap_StatementOperatingActivitiesSegmentAxis
= us-gaap_SegmentContinuingOperationsMember
Selling, general and administrative expense      
Stock-based compensation cost, allocation of recognized costs      
Pre-tax stock-based compensation cost 350us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
/ us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis
= us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember
/ us-gaap_StatementOperatingActivitiesSegmentAxis
= us-gaap_SegmentContinuingOperationsMember
435us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
/ us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis
= us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember
/ us-gaap_StatementOperatingActivitiesSegmentAxis
= us-gaap_SegmentContinuingOperationsMember
498us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
/ us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis
= us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember
/ us-gaap_StatementOperatingActivitiesSegmentAxis
= us-gaap_SegmentContinuingOperationsMember
Research, development and engineering      
Stock-based compensation cost, allocation of recognized costs      
Pre-tax stock-based compensation cost 54us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
/ us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis
= us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember
/ us-gaap_StatementOperatingActivitiesSegmentAxis
= us-gaap_SegmentContinuingOperationsMember
57us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
/ us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis
= us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember
/ us-gaap_StatementOperatingActivitiesSegmentAxis
= us-gaap_SegmentContinuingOperationsMember
59us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
/ us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis
= us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember
/ us-gaap_StatementOperatingActivitiesSegmentAxis
= us-gaap_SegmentContinuingOperationsMember
Other (income) and expense      
Stock-based compensation cost, allocation of recognized costs      
Pre-tax stock-based compensation cost $ (13)us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
/ us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis
= ibm_OtherIncomeExpenseMember
/ us-gaap_StatementOperatingActivitiesSegmentAxis
= us-gaap_SegmentContinuingOperationsMember
[1]   $ (1)us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense
/ us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis
= ibm_OtherIncomeExpenseMember
/ us-gaap_StatementOperatingActivitiesSegmentAxis
= us-gaap_SegmentContinuingOperationsMember
[1]
Reflects the one-time effects related to the divestitures of the customer care business and industry standard server businesses in 2014.