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Earnings Per Share of Common Stock (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, except Share data, unless otherwise specified
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Dec. 31, 2012
Weighted-average number of shares on which earnings per share calculations are based      
Basic (in shares) 1,004,272,584us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic 1,094,486,604us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic [1] 1,142,508,521us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic [1]
Add - incremental shares under stock-based compensation plans 4,332,155us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements 6,751,240us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements 10,868,426us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements
Add - incremental shares associated with contingently issuable shares 1,395,741us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToContingentlyIssuableShares 1,804,313us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToContingentlyIssuableShares 2,072,370us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToContingentlyIssuableShares
Assuming dilution 1,010,000,480us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding 1,103,042,156us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding [1] 1,155,449,317us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding [1]
Net income on which basic earnings per share calculations are based      
Income from continuing operations $ 15,751us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest $ 16,881us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest [1] $ 16,999us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest [1]
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax (Note C) (3,729)us-gaap_IncomeLossFromDiscontinuedOperationsNetOfTax (398)us-gaap_IncomeLossFromDiscontinuedOperationsNetOfTax [1] (395)us-gaap_IncomeLossFromDiscontinuedOperationsNetOfTax [1]
Net income on which basic earnings per share is calculated 12,022us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic 16,483us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic 16,604us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic
Net income on which diluted earnings per share calculations are based      
Income from continuing operations 15,751us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest 16,881us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest [1] 16,999us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest [1]
Net income applicable to contingently issuable shares (3)us-gaap_DilutiveSecurities (1)us-gaap_DilutiveSecurities (1)us-gaap_DilutiveSecurities
Income from continuing operations on which diluted earnings per share is calculated 15,749ibm_NetIncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsAvailableToCommonStockholdersDiluted 16,880ibm_NetIncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsAvailableToCommonStockholdersDiluted 16,998ibm_NetIncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsAvailableToCommonStockholdersDiluted
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, on which basic and diluted earnings per share is calculated (3,729)us-gaap_IncomeLossFromDiscontinuedOperationsNetOfTax (398)us-gaap_IncomeLossFromDiscontinuedOperationsNetOfTax [1] (395)us-gaap_IncomeLossFromDiscontinuedOperationsNetOfTax [1]
Net income on which diluted earnings per share is calculated $ 12,020us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersDiluted $ 16,483us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersDiluted $ 16,603us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersDiluted
Assuming dilution      
Continuing operations (in dollars per share) (Note P) $ 15.59us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsPerDilutedShare $ 15.3us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsPerDilutedShare [1] $ 14.71us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsPerDilutedShare [1]
Discontinued operations (in dollars per share) (Note P) $ (3.69)us-gaap_IncomeLossFromDiscontinuedOperationsNetOfTaxPerDilutedShare $ (0.36)us-gaap_IncomeLossFromDiscontinuedOperationsNetOfTaxPerDilutedShare [1] $ (0.34)us-gaap_IncomeLossFromDiscontinuedOperationsNetOfTaxPerDilutedShare [1]
Total (in dollars per share) $ 11.9us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted $ 14.94us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted [1] $ 14.37us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted [1]
Basic      
Continuing operations (in dollars per share) (Note P) $ 15.68us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsPerBasicShare $ 15.42us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsPerBasicShare [1] $ 14.88us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsPerBasicShare [1]
Discontinued operations (in dollars per share) (Note P) $ (3.71)us-gaap_IncomeLossFromDiscontinuedOperationsNetOfTaxPerBasicShare $ (0.36)us-gaap_IncomeLossFromDiscontinuedOperationsNetOfTaxPerBasicShare [1] $ (0.35)us-gaap_IncomeLossFromDiscontinuedOperationsNetOfTaxPerBasicShare [1]
Total (in dollars per share) $ 11.97us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic $ 15.06us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic [1] $ 14.53us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic [1]
Outstanding stock options not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share (in shares) 17,420us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount 8,797us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount 0us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount
[1]
Reclassifed to reflect discontinued operation presentation.