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Intangible Assets Including Goodwill (Tables)
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Intangible asset balances by major asset class
The following tables present the company's intangible asset balances by major asset class.
At September 30, 2025
(Dollars in millions)Gross Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization
Net Carrying
Amount (1)
Intangible asset class:
Capitalized software$1,349 $(409)$940 
Client relationships11,210 (5,362)5,848 
Completed technology7,353 (3,864)3,489 
Patents/trademarks2,005 (642)1,362 
Other (2)
121 (31)90 
Total$22,038 $(10,309)$11,729 
At December 31, 2024
(Dollars in millions)Gross Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization
Net Carrying
Amount (1)
Intangible asset class:
Capitalized software$1,282 $(492)$790 
Client relationships9,704 (4,387)5,317 
Completed technology6,297 (3,164)3,132 
Patents/trademarks1,826 (519)1,307 
Other (2)
138 (24)114 
Total$19,247 $(8,587)$10,660 
(1)Amounts at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 include an increase in the net intangible asset balance of $187 million and a decrease in the net intangible asset balance of $126 million, respectively, due to foreign currency translation.
(2)Other intangibles are primarily acquired proprietary and non-proprietary technology licenses, data, business processes, methodologies and systems.
Intangible assets, future amortization expense
The future amortization expense relating to intangible assets currently recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheet was estimated to be the following at September 30, 2025:
(Dollars in millions)Capitalized
Software		Acquired
Intangibles		Total
Remainder of 2025$133 $570 $703 
2026438 2,246 2,684 
2027280 2,203 2,483 
202889 1,897 1,986 
20290 1,231 1,231 
Thereafter— 2,642 2,642 
Changes in goodwill balances by reportable segment
The changes in the goodwill balances by segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and for the year ended December 31, 2024 were as follows:
(Dollars in millions)BalanceGoodwill
Additions
Purchase
Price
Adjustments
Foreign
Currency
Translation
and Other
Adjustments (1)
Balance
Segment1/1/2025Divestitures9/30/2025
Software$47,136 $4,994 $1 $— $826 $52,958 
Consulting9,206 613 15 — 216 10,050 
Infrastructure4,363 — 0 0 26 4,388 
Other— — — — — — 
Total$60,706 $5,607 $16 $0 $1,067 $67,396 
(Dollars in millions)BalanceGoodwill
Additions
Purchase
Price
Adjustments
Foreign
Currency
Translation
and Other
Adjustments (1)
Balance
Segment
1/1/2024Divestitures12/31/2024
Software
$46,447 $1,511 $(51)$— $(770)$47,136 
Consulting
8,883 469 (3)(1)(142)9,206 
Infrastructure4,384 8 (1)— (28)4,363 
Other (2)
464 — — (464)— — 
Total$60,178 $1,987 $(55)$(465)$(940)$60,706 
(1)Primarily driven by foreign currency translation.
(2)In the first quarter of 2024, the company derecognized goodwill related to the divestiture of The Weather Company assets.