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Stock-Based Compensation
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stock-Based Compensation Stock-Based Compensation:
Stock-based compensation cost for stock awards and stock options is measured at grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized over the employee requisite service period. The following table presents total stock-based compensation cost included in income from continuing operations.
(Dollars in millions)
For the three months ended March 31:20252024
Cost$65 $56 
Selling, general and administrative217 171 
Research and development119 93 
Pre-tax stock-based compensation cost$401 $320 
Income tax benefits(194)(120)
Total net stock-based compensation cost$207 $200 
Pre-tax stock-based compensation cost for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased $81 million compared to the corresponding period in the prior year due to increases in restricted stock units ($52 million), performance share units ($21 million) and stock options ($7 million). The increases were primarily driven by stock-based compensation awards granted by the company as part of its annual cycles for executives and other employees.
Total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested awards at March 31, 2025 was $2.5 billion and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.6 years.