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Intangible Assets Including Goodwill
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Intangible Assets Including Goodwill Intangible Assets Including Goodwill:
Intangible Assets
The following tables present the company's intangible asset balances by major asset class.
At March 31, 2025
(Dollars in millions)Gross Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization
Net Carrying
Amount (1)
Intangible asset class:
Capitalized software$1,247 $(409)$838 
Client relationships10,993 (4,695)6,298 
Completed technology7,128 (3,391)3,737 
Patents/trademarks1,968 (556)1,412 
Other (2)
139 (33)106 
Total$21,475 $(9,084)$12,392 
At December 31, 2024
(Dollars in millions)Gross Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization
Net Carrying
Amount (1)
Intangible asset class:
Capitalized software$1,282 $(492)$790 
Client relationships9,704 (4,387)5,317 
Completed technology6,297 (3,164)3,132 
Patents/trademarks1,826 (519)1,307 
Other (2)
138 (24)114 
Total$19,247 $(8,587)$10,660 
(1)Amounts as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 include an increase in the net intangible asset balance of $63 million and a decrease in the net intangible asset balance of $126 million, respectively, due to foreign currency translation.
(2)Other intangibles are primarily acquired proprietary and non-proprietary technology licenses, data, business processes, methodologies and systems.
The net carrying amount of intangible assets increased $1,731 million during the first three months of 2025, primarily due to additions of acquired intangibles from business combinations of $2,085 million, driven by the acquisition of HashiCorp in the current quarter, and additions of capitalized software, partially offset by intangible asset amortization. The aggregate intangible asset amortization expense was $641 million and $598 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the company retired $221 million of fully amortized intangible assets, impacting both the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization by this amount.
The future amortization expense relating to intangible assets currently recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheet was estimated to be the following at March 31, 2025:
(Dollars in millions)Capitalized
Software		Acquired
Intangibles		Total
Remainder of 2025$340 $1,665 $2,005 
2026320 2,178 2,498 
2027163 2,135 2,299 
202815 1,835 1,850 
20290 1,181 1,181 
Thereafter— 2,559 2,559 
Goodwill
The changes in the goodwill balances by segment for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and for the year ended December 31, 2024 were as follows:
(Dollars in millions)BalanceGoodwill
Additions
Purchase
Price
Adjustments
Foreign
Currency
Translation
and Other
Adjustments (1)
Balance
Segment1/1/2025Divestitures3/31/2025
Software$47,136 $4,531 $11 $— $257 $51,935 
Consulting9,206 487 (3)— 71 9,760 
Infrastructure4,363 — 0 0 8 4,371 
Other— — — — — — 
Total$60,706 $5,018 $7 $0 $335 $66,065 
(Dollars in millions)BalanceGoodwill
Additions
Purchase
Price
Adjustments
Foreign
Currency
Translation
and Other
Adjustments (1)
Balance
Segment
1/1/2024Divestitures12/31/2024
Software
$46,447 $1,511 $(51)$— $(770)$47,136 
Consulting
8,883 469 (3)(1)(142)9,206 
Infrastructure4,384 8 (1)— (28)4,363 
Other (2)
464 — — (464)— — 
Total$60,178 $1,987 $(55)$(465)$(940)$60,706 
(1)Primarily driven by foreign currency translation.
(2)In the first quarter of 2024, the company derecognized goodwill related to the divestiture of The Weather Company assets.
Goodwill additions recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2025 were primarily driven by the acquisition of HashiCorp. Refer to note 5, “Acquisitions & Divestitures,” for additional information.
There were no goodwill impairment losses recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2025 or the year ended December 31, 2024 and the company has no accumulated impairment losses. Purchase price adjustments recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024 were related to acquisitions that were still subject to the measurement period that ends at the earlier of 12 months from the acquisition date or when information becomes available. Net purchase price adjustments recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024 were not material.