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Revenue Recognition (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Schedule of disaggregation of revenue
The following tables provide details of revenue by major products/service offerings and revenue by geography. In the first quarter of 2025, the company announced changes to the reported revenue categories within its Software and Consulting reportable segments. Since these changes did not occur until first-quarter 2025, the periods presented in this Annual Report are reported under the historical reported revenue categories, as shown in the following tables. These changes will not impact the company’s Consolidated Financial Statements or its reportable segments.
Revenue by Major Products/Service Offerings
($ in millions)
For the year ended December 31:2024
2023 (1)
2022 (1)
Hybrid Platform & Solutions$18,808 $17,396 $16,458 
Transaction Processing8,277 7,615 7,171 
Total Software$27,085 $25,011 $23,629 
Business Transformation$9,347 $9,179 $8,834 
Application Operations7,692 7,930 7,494 
Technology Consulting3,653 3,775 3,730 
Total Consulting$20,692 $20,884 $20,058 
Hybrid Infrastructure$8,913 $9,215 $9,451 
Infrastructure Support5,107 5,377 5,837 
Total Infrastructure$14,020 $14,593 $15,288 
Financing (2)
$713 $741 $645 
Other$243 $632 $909 
Total Revenue$62,753 $61,860 $60,530 
(1)Recast to reflect January 2024 segment changes. Refer to note D, “Segments,” for additional information.
(2)Contains lease and loan financing arrangements which are not subject to the guidance on revenue from contracts with customers.
Schedule of disaggregation of revenue by geography
($ in millions)
For the year ended December 31:202420232022
Americas$31,266 $31,666 $31,057 
Europe/Middle East/Africa 19,429 18,492 17,950 
Asia Pacific12,058 11,702 11,522 
Total$62,753 $61,860 $60,530 
Schedule of reconciliation of contract balances
The following table provides information about notes and accounts receivable—trade, contract assets and deferred income balances.
($ in millions)
At December 31:20242023
Notes and accounts receivable — trade (net of allowances of $114 in 2024 and $192 in 2023)
$6,804 $7,214 
Contract assets (1)
433 505 
Deferred income (current)13,907 13,451 
Deferred income (noncurrent)3,622 3,533 
(1)Included within prepaid expenses and other current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Schedule of notes and accounts receivable - trade allowance for credit losses
The following table provides roll forwards of the notes and accounts receivable—trade allowance for expected credit losses for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
($ in millions)
January 1, 2024Additions/(Releases)
Write-offs (1)
Foreign currency and OtherDecember 31, 2024
$192$(2)$(78)$2$114
January 1, 2023Additions/(Releases)
Write-offs (1)
Foreign currency and OtherDecember 31, 2023
$233$32$(79)$6$192
(1)The majority of the write-offs during the period related to receivables which had been previously reserved.
Schedule of deferred contract costs
($ in millions)
At December 31:20242023
Capitalized costs to obtain a contract$794 $686 
Deferred costs to fulfill a contract
Deferred setup costs326 399 
Other deferred fulfillment costs628 755 
Total deferred costs (1)
$1,748 $1,841 
(1)Of the total deferred costs, $959 million was current and $788 million was noncurrent at December 31, 2024 and $998 million was current and $842 million was noncurrent at December 31, 2023.