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Retirement-Related Benefits (Tables)
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2023
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Pre-tax cost for all retirement-related plans The following tables provide the pre-tax cost for all retirement-related plans.
Yr. to Yr.
(Dollars in millions)Percent
For the three months ended June 30:20232022Change
Retirement-related plans — cost:
   
Defined benefit and contribution pension plans — cost
$259 $456 (43.2)%
Nonpension postretirement plans — cost
33 33 (2.2)
Total$292 $489 (40.4)%

Yr. to Yr.
(Dollars in millions)Percent
For the six months ended June 30:20232022Change
Retirement-related plans — cost:
   
Defined benefit and contribution pension plans — cost
$541 $934 (42.1)%
Nonpension postretirement plans — cost
65 66 (1.9)
Total$606 $1,000 (39.4)%
Components of net periodic (income)/cost of the company's retirement-related benefit plans
The following tables provide the components of the cost/(income) for the company’s pension plans.
(Dollars in millions)U.S. PlansNon-U.S. Plans
For the three months ended June 30:2023 202220232022
Service cost$— $— $44 $59 
Interest cost*272 302 292 131 
Expected return on plan assets*(382)(475)(362)(259)
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits)*0 2 5 3 
Recognized actuarial losses*27 179 101 260 
Curtailments and settlements*— — 6 11 
Multi-employer plans— — 3 3 
Other costs/(credits)*— — 10 6 
Total net periodic pension (income)/cost of defined benefit plans$(82)$8 $99 $215 
Cost of defined contribution plans151 141 91 92 
Total defined benefit and contribution pension plans cost recognized in the Consolidated Income Statement$69 $149 $190 $307 
(Dollars in millions)U.S. PlansNon-U.S. Plans
For the six months ended June 30:2023 202220232022
Service cost$— $— $88 $123 
Interest cost*545 603 580 270 
Expected return on plan assets*(764)(950)(718)(532)
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits)*0 4 10 7 
Recognized actuarial losses*55 359 203 537 
Curtailments and settlements*— — 5 19 
Multi-employer plans— — 6 7 
Other costs/(credits)*— — 19 15 
Total net periodic pension (income)/cost of defined benefit plans$(165)$15 $194 $446 
Cost of defined contribution plans323 282 188 190 
Total defined benefit and contribution pension plans cost recognized in the Consolidated Income Statement$158 $298 $382 $636 
*These components of net periodic pension cost are included in other (income) and expense in the Consolidated Income Statement.
Components of the cost/(income) for the company's nonpension postretirement plans
The following tables provide the components of the cost for the company’s nonpension postretirement plans.
(Dollars in millions)U.S. PlanNon-U.S. Plans
For the three months ended June 30:2023202220232022
Service cost$1 $1 $1 $1 
Interest cost*29 18 10 9 
Expected return on plan assets*— — (1)(1)
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits)*(7)1 0 0 
Recognized actuarial losses*— 2 0 1 
Curtailments and settlements*— — — — 
Total nonpension postretirement plans cost recognized in the Consolidated Income Statement$23 $23 $10 $10 

(Dollars in millions)U.S. PlanNon-U.S. Plans
For the six months ended June 30:2023202220232022
Service cost$2 $2 $1 $2 
Interest cost*58 37 19 18 
Expected return on plan assets*— — (1)(1)
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits)*(15)2 0 0 
Recognized actuarial losses*— 4 (1)2 
Curtailments and settlements*— — — — 
Total nonpension postretirement plans cost recognized in the Consolidated Income Statement$46 $46 $19 $20 
*These components of net periodic pension cost are included in other (income) and expense in the Consolidated Income Statement.
Schedule of contributions
The table below includes contributions to the following plans:
(Dollars in millions)Plan Contributions
For the six months ended June 30:20232022
U.S. nonpension postretirement benefit plans$134 $202 
Non-U.S. DB and multi-employer plans*29 43 
Total plan contributions$163 $245 
*Amounts reported net of refunds.