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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
 
The Company's effective tax rate was 44.3% for the six months ended June 30, 2017 as compared to 35.2% for the six months ended June 30, 2016. The effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2017 was higher due to an increase in unrecognized tax benefits primarily related to §199 domestic production activity deductions pertaining to internal software development and to the Company’s adoption of accounting guidance which requires excess tax benefits and deficiencies on share-based payments to be recorded as income tax benefits or expense in the income statement, rather than being recorded in additional paid-in capital on the balance sheet as was the practice prior to adoption of the new accounting guidance. The effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2017 increased by 4.3% because of the additional unrecognized tax benefits, while adoption of the new accounting guidance, effective January 2, 2017, increased the Company's effective tax rate by 2.6%. The effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2016 was lower by 2.5% primarily due to applying a lower state income tax rate to the deferred tax balances.
 
The total gross unrecognized tax benefit as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was $6.0 million and $3.9 million, respectively, excluding interest, penalties and related tax benefits. The Company estimates the unrecognized tax benefit may decrease over the upcoming 12 months by an amount up to $3.8 million related to settlements with taxing authorities and the lapse of statutes of limitations. For the remaining liability, due to the uncertainties related to these tax matters, the Company is unable to make a reasonably reliable estimate as to when cash settlement with a taxing authority will occur.

As of June 30, 2017, accrued interest was $1.0 million and accrued penalties were less than $0.1 million, excluding any related income tax benefits. As of December 31, 2016, accrued interest was $1.0 million and accrued penalties were less than $0.1 million, excluding any related income tax benefits. The Company recognizes interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits and penalties as a component of its income tax provision recognized in its Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

The Company files federal income tax returns and the Company or one of its subsidiaries files income tax returns in various state and foreign jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to federal, state or non-United States tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2011. The Internal Revenue Service commenced examination of the Company’s U.S. federal income tax return for the tax years 2011 to 2013 during the year. The examination is currently in process. The Company believes that adequate reserves have been provided relating to all matters contained in the tax periods open to examination.