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Derivatives and Hedging Activities
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Derivatives and Hedging Activities Derivatives and Hedging Activities
We use derivative financial instruments to manage exposures to various market risks. These instruments derive their value from an underlying variable or multiple variables, including interest rates and foreign exchange rates, and are carried at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. These instruments enable end users to increase, reduce or alter exposure to various market risks and, for that reason, are an integral component of our market risk management. We do not transact in derivatives for trading purposes.
A majority of our derivative assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are subject to master netting agreements with our derivative counterparties. Accordingly, where appropriate, we have elected to present derivative assets and liabilities with the same counterparty on a net basis in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
In relation to our credit risk, certain of our bilateral derivative agreements include provisions that allow our counterparties to terminate the relevant agreement in the event of a downgrade of our debt credit rating below investment grade and settle the outstanding net liability position. As of September 30, 2024, these derivatives were not in a material net liability position. Based on our assessment of the credit risk of our derivative counterparties and our own credit risk as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, no credit risk adjustment to the derivative portfolio was required.
The following table summarizes the total fair value, excluding interest accruals, of derivative assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:
Other Assets Fair ValueOther Liabilities Fair Value
(Millions)2024202320242023
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Fair value hedges - Interest rate contracts (a)
$— $— $19 $99 
Net investment hedges - Foreign exchange contracts186 9 319 455 
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments186 9 338 554 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts and other
185 71 420 423 
Total derivatives, gross371 80 758 977 
Derivative asset and derivative liability netting (b)
(234)(57)(234)(57)
Cash collateral netting (c)
— — (30)(106)
Total derivatives, net$137 $23 $494 $814 
(a)For our centrally cleared derivatives, variation margin payments are legally characterized as settlement payments as opposed to collateral.
(b)Represents the amount of netting of derivative assets and derivative liabilities executed with the same counterparty under an enforceable master netting arrangement.
(c)Represents the offsetting of the fair value of bilateral interest rate contracts and certain foreign exchange contracts with the right to cash collateral held from the counterparty or cash collateral posted with the counterparty.
We posted $405 million and $175 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, as initial margin on our centrally cleared interest rate swaps; such amounts are recorded within Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are not netted against the derivative balances.
Fair Value Hedges
We are exposed to interest rate risk associated with our fixed-rate debt obligations. At the time of issuance, certain fixed-rate long-term debt obligations are designated in fair value hedging relationships, using interest rate swaps, to economically convert the fixed interest rate to a floating interest rate. We had $19.6 billion and $11.7 billion of fixed-rate debt obligations designated in fair value hedging relationships as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
The following table presents the gains and losses recognized in Interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income associated with the fair value hedges of our fixed-rate long-term debt for the three and nine months ended September 30:
Gains (losses)
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(Millions)2024202320242023
Fixed-rate long-term debt $(554)$52 $(481)$14 
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments550 (52)476 (15)
Total$(4)$— $(5)$(1)
The carrying values of the hedged liabilities, recorded within Long-term debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, were $20.0 billion and $11.7 billion as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, including the cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments of $534 million and $53 million for the respective periods.
We recognized in Interest expense on Long-term debt net increases of $82 million and $47 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and net increases of $214 million and $130 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, primarily related to the net settlements including interest accruals on our interest rate derivatives designated as fair value hedges.
Net Investment Hedges
We primarily designate foreign currency derivatives as net investment hedges to reduce our exposure to changes in currency exchange rates on our investments in non-U.S. subsidiaries. We had notional amounts of approximately $14.5 billion and $14.1 billion of foreign currency derivatives designated as net investment hedges as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The gain or loss on net investment hedges, net of taxes, recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI) as part of the cumulative translation adjustment, was a loss of $96 million and a gain of $244 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and a gain of $187 million and a loss of $261 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Net investment hedge reclassifications out of AOCI into the Consolidated Statements of Income were not significant for any of the three and the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges
The changes in the fair value of derivatives that are not designated as hedges are primarily intended to offset the related foreign exchange gains or losses of the underlying foreign currency exposures. We had notional amounts of approximately $28.4 billion and $25.3 billion as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The changes in the fair value of the derivatives and the related underlying foreign currency exposures resulted in net gains of $24 million and $26 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and net gains of $67 million and $56 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, that are recognized in Other, net expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Our embedded derivative related to seller earnout shares granted to us upon the completion of a business combination in the second quarter of 2022 between our equity method investee, American Express Global Business Travel, and Apollo Strategic Growth Capital had a notional amount of $78 million as of both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The changes in the fair value of the embedded derivative resulted in a gain of $5 million and a loss of $12 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and a gain of $4 million and a loss of $12 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which were recognized in Service fees and other revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Income.