Restructuring Charges (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

The following table summarizes the Company’s restructuring reserves activity for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015:

(Millions)		Severance		Other^(a)		Total
Liability balance as of December 31, 2014		$	435	$	35	$	470
	Restructuring charges, net of $61 in revisions^(b)		(33)		7		(26)
	Payments		(141)		(14)		(155)
	Other non-cash^(c)		(23)		(5)		(28)
Liability balance as of December 31, 2015			238		23		261
	Restructuring charges, net of $81 in revisions^(b)		305		24		329
	Payments		(171)		(21)		(192)
	Other non-cash^(c)		(12)		(3)		(15)
Liability balance as of December 31, 2016			360		23		383
	Restructuring charges^(d)		34		8		42
	Payments		(219)		(16)		(235)
	Other non-cash^(c)		11		(2)		9
Liability balance as of December 31, 2017^(e)		$	186	$	13	$	199

Other primarily includes facility exit and contract termination costs.
Revisions primarily relate to higher than anticipated redeployments of displaced employees to other positions within the Company, business changes and modifications to existing initiatives.
Consists primarily of foreign exchange impacts and other non-cash charges.
Net revisions to existing restructuring reserves were immaterial for the year ended December 31, 2017.
The majority of cash payments related to the remaining restructuring liabilities are expected to be completed in 2018, and to a lesser extent certain contractual long-term severance arrangements and lease obligations are expected to be completed in 2019 and 2023, respectively.

Restructuring charges, by reportable segment

The following table summarizes the Company’s restructuring charges, net of revisions, by reportable operating segment and Corporate & Other for the year ended December 31, 2017, and the cumulative amounts relating to the restructuring programs that were in progress during 2017 and initiated at various dates between 2011 and 2017.

		2017	Cumulative Restructuring Expense Incurred To Date OnIn-Progress Restructuring Programs
(Millions)	Total Restructuring Charges, net revisions			Severance		Other		Total
USCS	$	(8)	$	54	$	―	$	54
ICNS		(6)		132		―		132
GCS		(10)		85		8		93
GMS		5		40		―		40
Corporate & Other		61		322		81		403	^(a)
Total	$	42	$	633	$	89	$	722	^(b)

Corporate & Other includes certain severance and other charges of $336 million related to companywide support functions which were not allocated to the Company’s reportable operating segments, as these were corporate initiatives, which is consistent with how such charges were reported internally.
As of December 31, 2017, the total expenses to be incurred for previously approved restructuring activities that were in progress are not expected to be materially different than the cumulative expenses incurred to date for these programs.