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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 29, 2018

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Goodwill, Policy [Policy Text Block]

As a result of the required annual impairment assessment performed in the fourth quarter of 2018, the Corporation determined the fair value of a reporting unit within the office furniture segment was below its carrying value. This reporting unit had triggering events in both the second and third quarters of 2018 due to lower projected operating results, and was tested with interim quantitative impairment tests that resulted in no impairment either time. In the fourth quarter of 2018, a further decline in the estimated fair value of this reporting unit was primarily driven by reduced long-term margin expectations and resulted in an impairment. The projections used in the impairment model reflected management's assumptions regarding revenue growth rates, economic and market trends, cost structure, investments required for product enhancements, and other expectations about the anticipated short-term and long-term operating results of the reporting unit.

Fiscal Year-end

Fiscal year-end – The Corporation follows a 52/53-week fiscal year, which ends on the Saturday nearest December 31. Fiscal year 2018 ended on December 29, 2018, fiscal year 2017 ended on December 30, 2017, and fiscal year 2016 ended on December 31, 2016. The financial statements for fiscal years 2018, 2017, and 2016 are on a 52-week basis. A 53-week year occurs approximately every sixth year.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts and transactions of the Corporation and its subsidiaries. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Investments

Cash and cash equivalents generally consist of cash and money market accounts. The fair value approximates the carrying value due to the short duration of the securities. These securities have original maturity dates not exceeding three months. The Corporation has short-term investments with maturities of less than one year and investments with maturities greater than one year included in "Other Assets" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Management classifies investments in marketable securities at the time of purchase and reevaluates such classification at each balance sheet date. Debt securities, including government and corporate bonds, are classified as available-for-sale and stated at current market value with unrealized gains and losses included as a separate component of equity, net of any related tax effect. The specific identification method is used to determine realized gains and losses on the trade date.

Receivables

The allowance for doubtful accounts is developed based on several factors including overall customer credit quality, historical write-off experience, and specific account analyses projecting the ultimate collectability of the account. As such, these factors may change over time causing the allowance level to adjust accordingly.

Inventories

The Corporation values its inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Inventories included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets consisted of the following (in thousands):



	December 29, 2018			December 30, 2017
Finished products	$	97,398		$	101,715
Materials and work in process	94,161			81,202
Last-in,first-out ("LIFO") allowance	(34,381		)	(27,234		)
Total inventories	$	157,178		$	155,683

Inventory valued by the LIFO costing method	81.40		%	83.36		%

During 2018, inventory quantities were reduced at certain reporting units. This reduction resulted in a liquidation of LIFO inventory quantities carried at higher or lower costs prevailing in prior years as compared with the cost of current year purchases, the effect of which decreased cost of goods sold by approximately $0.5 million in 2018. There was no LIFO decrement in 2017. If the FIFO method had been in use, inventories would have been $34.4 million and $27.2 million higher than reported as of December 29, 2018 and December 30, 2017, respectively.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, Plant, and Equipment

Property, plant, and equipment are carried at cost. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Major improvements that materially extend the useful lives of the assets are capitalized. Depreciation has been computed using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives: land improvements, 10 – 20 years; buildings, 10 – 40 years; and machinery and equipment, 3 – 12 years.

Long-Lived Assets

The Corporation evaluates long-lived assets for indicators of impairment as events or changes in circumstances occur indicating that an impairment risk may be present. The judgments regarding the existence of impairment are based on business and market conditions, operational performance, and estimated future cash flows. If the carrying value of a long-lived asset is considered impaired, an impairment charge is recorded to adjust the asset to its estimated fair value. Asset impairment charges associated with the Corporation’s long-lived assets are discussed in "Note 4. Restructuring and Impairment Charges" in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The Corporation evaluates its goodwill for impairment on an annual basis during the fourth quarter or whenever indicators of impairment exist. Asset impairment charges associated with the Corporation’s goodwill impairment testing are discussed in "Note 7. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets" in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Corporation reviews goodwill at the reporting unit level within its office furniture and hearth products operating segments. These reporting units constitute components for which discrete financial information is available and regularly reviewed by segment management. The accounting standards for goodwill permit entities to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform a quantitative goodwill impairment test. If the quantitative test is required, the Corporation estimates the fair value of its reporting units. In estimating the fair value, the Corporation relies on an average of the income approach and the market approach. This estimated fair value is compared to the carrying value of the reporting unit and an impairment is recorded if the estimate is less than the carrying value. In the income approach, the estimate of fair value of each reporting unit is based on management’s projection of revenues, gross margin, operating costs, and cash flows considering historical and estimated future results, general economic and market conditions, as well as the impact of planned business and operational strategies. The valuations employ present value techniques to measure fair value and consider market factors. In the market approach, the Corporation utilizes the guideline company method, which involves calculating valuation multiples based on operating data from guideline publicly-traded companies. These multiples are then applied to the operating data for the reporting units and adjusted for factors similar to those used in the discounted cash flow analysis. Management believes the assumptions used for the impairment test are consistent with those utilized by a market participant in performing similar valuations of its reporting units. Management bases its fair value estimates on assumptions they believe to be reasonable at the time, but such assumptions are subject to inherent uncertainty. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

Product Warranties

The Corporation issues certain warranty policies on its office furniture and hearth products that provide for repair or replacement of any covered product or component that fails during normal use because of a defect in design, materials, or workmanship. Allowances have been established for the anticipated future costs associated with the Corporation's warranty programs.

A warranty allowance is determined by recording a specific allowance for known warranty issues and an additional allowance for unknown claims expected to be incurred based on historical claims experience. Actual claims incurred could differ from the original estimates, requiring adjustments to the allowance.

Revenue Recognition

Freight Expense

Freight expense on shipments to customers were recorded in "Selling and administrative expenses" on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income as follows (in thousands):



	2018		2017		2016
Freight expense	$	134,190	$	119,096	$	115,157

Performance Obligations

The Corporation recognizes revenue for sales of office furniture and hearth products at a point in time following the transfer of control of such products to the customer, which typically occurs upon shipment of the product. In certain circumstances, transfer of control to the customer does not occur until the goods are received by the customer or upon installation and/or customer acceptance, depending on the terms of the underlying contracts. Contracts typically have a duration of less than one year and normally do not include a significant financing component. Generally, payment is due within 30 days of invoicing.

Significant Judgments

The Corporation uses significant judgment throughout the year in estimating the reduction in net sales driven by rebate and marketing programs. Judgments made include expected sales levels and utilization of funds. However, this judgment factor is significantly reduced at the end of each year when sales volumes and the impact to rebate and marketing programs are known and recorded as the programs typically don't extend multiple years.

Accounting Policies and Practical Expedients Elected

The Corporation elected to use the modified-retrospective method of adopting the new standard on revenue recognition. The new standard has been applied to all contracts not completed as of December 30, 2017, the end of the Corporation’s fiscal 2017. The impact of the Corporation's transition adjustment for the new revenue recognition guidance was not material to the Corporation's results of operations or financial position. The additional disclosures required as a result of adopting the new revenue recognition guidance were material to the Corporation's financial statements.

The Corporation elected the following accounting policies as a result of adopting the new standard on revenue recognition:

Shipping and Handling Activities - The Corporation has elected to apply the accounting policy election permitted in ASC 606-10-25-18B, which allows an entity to account for shipping and handling activities that occur after control is transferred as fulfillment activities. The Corporation accrues for shipping and handling costs at the same time revenue is recognized, which is in accordance with the policy election. When shipping and handling activities occur prior to the customer obtaining control of the good(s), they are considered fulfillment activities rather than a performance obligation and the costs are accrued for as incurred.

Sales Taxes - The Corporation has elected to apply the accounting policy election permitted in ASC 606-10-32-2A, which allows an entity to exclude from the measurement of the transaction price all taxes assessed by a governmental authority associated with the transaction, including sales, use, excise, value-added, and franchise taxes (collectively referred to as sales taxes). This allows the Corporation to present revenue net of these certain types of taxes.

These policies have been applied consistently to all revenue transactions.

The Corporation has elected the following practical expedients as a result of adopting the new standard on revenue recognition:

Incremental Costs of Obtaining a Contract - The Corporation has elected the practical expedient permitted in ASC 340-40-25-4, which permits an entity to recognize incremental costs to obtain a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period will be less than one year. The Corporation will apply this practical expedient when the requirements to apply it are met.

Significant Financing Component - The Corporation has elected the practical expedient permitted in ASC 606-10-32-18, which allows an entity to not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component if a contract has a duration of one year or less. As the Corporation's contracts are typically less than one year in length, consideration will not be adjusted.

Remaining Performance Obligation - The Corporation's backlog orders are typically cancelable for a period of time and almost all of our contracts have an original duration of one year or less. As a result, we have elected the practical expedient not to disclose our remaining performance obligation. The backlog disclosed is typically fulfilled within one or two quarters.

These accounting policies and practical expedients have been applied consistently to all revenue transactions.

Product Development Costs

Product development costs relating to development of new products and processes, including significant improvements and refinements to existing products, are expensed as incurred. These costs include salaries, contractor fees, building costs, and administrative fees.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Corporation measures the cost of employee services in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award and recognizes cost over the requisite service period.

Income Taxes

The Corporation uses an asset and liability approach that takes into account guidance related to uncertain tax positions and requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the Corporation’s financial statements or tax returns. Deferred income taxes are provided to reflect differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are based on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Shares potentially issuable under stock options, restricted stock units, and common stock equivalents under the Corporation's deferred compensation plans have been considered outstanding for purposes of the diluted earnings per share calculation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The critical areas requiring use of management estimates relate to goodwill and intangibles, accruals for self-insured medical claims, workers’ compensation, legal contingencies, general liability and auto insurance claims, valuation of long-lived assets, and estimates of income taxes. Other significant areas requiring use of management estimates relate to allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory allowances, marketing program accruals, warranty accruals, and useful lives for depreciation and amortization. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Self-Insurance

The Corporation is primarily self-insured for general, auto, and product liability, workers’ compensation, and certain employee health benefits. Certain risk exposures are mitigated through the use of independent third party stop loss insurance coverages. The general, auto, product, and workers’ compensation liabilities are managed using a wholly-owned insurance captive and the related liabilities are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows (in thousands):



	December 29, 2018		December 30, 2017
General, auto, product, and workers' compensation liabilities	$	30,227	$	27,591

The Corporation’s policy is to accrue amounts in accordance with the actuarially determined liabilities. The actuarial valuations are based on historical information along with certain assumptions about future events. Changes in assumptions for such matters as legal actions, medical cost inflation, and magnitude of change in actual experience development could cause these estimates to change in the future.

Foreign Currency Translations

Foreign currency financial statements of foreign operations, where the local currency is the functional currency, are translated using exchange rates in effect at period end for assets and liabilities and average exchange rates during the period for results of operations. Related translation adjustments are reported as a component of Shareholders’ Equity. Gains and losses on foreign currency transactions are included in "Selling and administrative expenses" in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made within the financial statements to conform to the current year presentation.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The new standard replaces most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP. The core principle of the ASU requires companies to reevaluate when revenue is recorded on a transaction based upon newly defined criteria, either at a point in time or over time as goods or services are delivered. The ASU requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and estimates, and changes in those estimates. The FASB has issued ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Principal versus Agent Considerations, ASU No. 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, and ASU No. 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Narrow Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients to provide further clarification and guidance. The Corporation implemented the new standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2018 using the modified-retrospective method, which required the new guidance to be applied prospectively to revenue transactions completed on or after the effective date. Given the nature of the Corporation's revenue transactions, the new guidance did not have a material impact on the Corporation's results of operations or financial position. All necessary changes required by the new standard, including those to the Corporation's accounting policies, controls, and disclosures, have been identified and implemented as of the beginning of fiscal 2018. See "Note 3. Revenue from Contracts with Customers" in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows - Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. The new standard provides classification guidance on eight cash flow issues including debt prepayment, settlement of zero-coupon bonds, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, proceeds from the settlements of insurance claims, proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies, and distributions received from equity method investees. The Corporation implemented the new standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. This standard did not have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory. The new standard requires an entity to recognize the income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory when the transfer occurs. The Corporation implemented the new standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. This standard did not have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Clarifying the Definition of a Business. The new standard amends ASC 805, Business Combinations. This ASU provides a new framework for determining whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of a group of assets or of a business. The Corporation implemented the new standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2018 on a prospective basis. The standard did not have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost. The new standard requires an entity with defined benefit and post-retirement benefit plans to present the service cost component of the net periodic benefit cost in the same income statement line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by employees during the period. All other components of net periodic benefit cost will be presented outside of operating income, if a subtotal is presented. The Corporation implemented the new standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2018 and it was applied retrospectively to each period presented. This standard did not have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.

Fair Value Measurements of Financial Instruments

For recognition purposes, on a recurring basis, the Corporation is required to measure at fair value its marketable securities, derivative financial instruments, variable-rate and fixed-rate debt obligations, and deferred stock-based compensation. The marketable securities are comprised of money market funds, government securities, and corporate bonds. When available, the Corporation uses quoted market prices to determine fair value and classifies such measurements within Level 1. Where market prices are not available, the Corporation makes use of observable market-based inputs (prices or quotes from published exchanges and indexes) to calculate fair value using the market approach, in which case the measurements are classified within Level 2.

Reportable Segment Information

Management views the Corporation as being in two reportable segments based on industries: office furniture and hearth products, with the former being the principal segment.

The aggregated office furniture segment manufactures and markets a broad line of commercial and home office furniture which includes storage products, desks, credenzas, chairs, tables, bookcases, freestanding office partitions and panel systems, and other related products. The hearth products segment manufactures and markets a broad line of gas, electric, wood, and biomass burning fireplaces, inserts, stoves, facings, and accessories, principally for the home.

For purposes of segment reporting, intercompany sales between segments are not material, and operating profit is income before income taxes exclusive of certain unallocated corporate expenses. These unallocated general corporate expenses include the net costs of the Corporation’s corporate operations. Management views interest income and expense as corporate financing costs and not as a reportable segment cost. In addition, management applies an effective income tax rate to its consolidated income before income taxes so income taxes are not reported or viewed internally on a segment basis. Identifiable assets by segment are those assets applicable to the respective industry segments. Corporate assets consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, long-term investments, IT infrastructure, and corporate office real estate and related equipment.

No geographic information for revenues from external customers or for long-lived assets is disclosed since the Corporation’s primary market and capital investments are concentrated in the United States.