Note 5: Stock-Based Compensation

HP's stock-based compensation plans include incentive compensation plans and an employee stock purchase plan ("ESPP").

Stock-Based Compensation Expense and Related Income Tax Benefits

Stock-based compensation expense and the resulting tax benefits were as follows:

	For the fiscal years ended October 31
	2014			2013			2012
	In millions
Stock-based compensation expense	$	560		$	500		$	635
Income tax benefit		(179	)		(158	)		(197	)

Stock-based compensation expense, net of tax	$	381		$	342		$	438

Cash received from option exercises and purchases under the Hewlett-Packard Company 2011 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "2011 ESPP") was $0.3 billion in fiscal 2014, $0.3 billion in fiscal 2013 and $0.7 billion in fiscal 2012. The benefit realized for the tax deduction from option exercises in fiscal 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $51 million, $13 million and $57 million, respectively.

Stock-Based Incentive Compensation Plans

HP's stock-based incentive compensation plans include equity plans adopted in 2004, 2000 and 1995, as amended ("principal equity plans"), as well as various equity plans assumed through acquisitions under which stock-based awards are outstanding. Stock-based awards granted from the principal equity plans include restricted stock awards, stock options and performance-based awards. Employees meeting certain employment qualifications are eligible to receive stock-based awards.

Restricted stock awards are non-vested stock awards that may include grants of restricted stock or restricted stock units. Restricted stock awards and cash-settled awards are generally subject to forfeiture if employment terminates prior to the lapse of the restrictions. Such awards generally vest one to three years from the date of grant. During the vesting period, ownership of the restricted stock cannot be transferred. Restricted stock has the same dividend and voting rights as common stock and is considered to be issued and outstanding upon grant. The dividends paid on restricted stock are non-forfeitable. Restricted stock units have forfeitable dividend equivalent rights equal to the dividend paid on common stock. Restricted stock units do not have the voting rights of common stock, and the shares underlying restricted stock units are not considered issued and outstanding upon grant. However, shares underlying restricted stock units are included in the calculation of diluted net EPS. HP expenses the fair value of restricted stock awards ratably over the period during which the restrictions lapse.

Stock options granted under the principal equity plans are generally non-qualified stock options, but the principal equity plans permit some options granted to qualify as incentive stock options under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code. Stock options generally vest over three to four years from the date of grant. The exercise price of a stock option is equal to the closing price of HP's stock on the option grant date. The majority of stock options issued by HP contain only service vesting conditions. However, starting in fiscal 2011, HP began granting performance-contingent stock options that vest only on the satisfaction of both service and market conditions prior to the expiration of the awards.

Restricted Stock Awards

A summary of restricted stock awards activity is as follows:

	As of October 31
	2014					2013					2012
	Shares			Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share		Shares			Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share		Shares			Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
	In thousands					In thousands					In thousands
Outstanding at beginning of year		32,262		$	21		25,532		$	31		16,813		$	39
Granted		26,036		$	28		20,707		$	15		20,316		$	27
Vested		(14,253	)	$	24		(10,966	)	$	33		(8,521	)	$	38
Forfeited		(3,237	)	$	22		(3,011	)	$	24		(3,076	)	$	34

Outstanding at end of year		40,808		$	24		32,262		$	21		25,532		$	31

The total grant date fair value of restricted stock awards vested in fiscal 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $234 million, $247 million and $229 million, respectively, net of taxes. As of October 31, 2014, total unrecognized pre-tax stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested restricted stock awards was $511 million, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted-average vesting period of 1.4 years.

Stock Options

HP utilizes the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing formula to estimate the fair value of stock options subject to service-based vesting conditions. HP estimates the fair value of stock options subject to performance-contingent vesting conditions using a combination of a Monte Carlo simulation model and a lattice model as these awards contain market conditions. The weighted-average fair value and the assumptions used to measure fair value were as follows:

	For the fiscal years ended October 31
	2014			2013			2012
Weighted-average fair value(1)		$ 7			$ 4			$ 9
Expected volatility(2)		33.1	%		41.7	%		41.9	%
Risk-free interest rate(3)		1.8	%		1.1	%		1.2	%
Expected dividend yield(4)		2.1	%		3.6	%		1.8	%
Expected term in years(5)		5.7			5.9			5.6

(1)	The weighted-average fair value was based on stock options granted during the period.
(2)	For awards granted in fiscal 2014, expected volatility for awards subject to service-based vesting was estimated using the implied volatility derived from options traded on HP's common stock, whereas for performance-contingent awards, expected volatility was estimated using the historical volatility of HP's common stock. For awards granted in fiscal 2013 and fiscal 2012, expected volatility for all awards was estimated using the implied volatility derived from options traded on HP's common stock.
(3)	The risk-free interest rate was estimated based on the yield on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues.
(4)	The expected dividend yield represents a constant dividend yield applied for the duration of the expected term of the award.
(5)	For awards subject to service-based vesting, the expected term was estimated using historical exercise and post-vesting termination patterns; and for performance-contingent awards, the expected term represents an output from the lattice model.

A summary of stock option activity is as follows:

	As of October 31
	2014									2013									2012
	Shares			Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term		Aggregate Intrinsic Value		Shares			Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term		Aggregate Intrinsic Value		Shares			Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
	In thousands					In years		In millions		In thousands					In years		In millions		In thousands					In years		In millions
Outstanding at beginning of year		84,042		$	27						87,296		$	29						120,243		$	28
Granted		9,575		$	28						25,785		$	15						7,529		$	27
Exercised		(11,145	)	$	18						(10,063	)	$	19						(29,683	)	$	20
Forfeited/cancelled/expired		(24,619	)	$	31						(18,976	)	$	25						(10,793	)	$	35

Outstanding at end of year		57,853		$	27		4.3	$	629		84,042		$	27		3.9	$	303		87,296		$	29		3.0	$	15


Vested and expected to vest at end of year		54,166		$	27		4.1	$	571		80,004		$	27		3.7	$	274		85,935		$	29		2.9	$	15


Exercisable at end of year		30,459		$	33		2.3	$	197		49,825		$	33		1.8	$	58		68,437		$	31		1.9	$	12

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value that option holders would have received had all option holders exercised their options on the last trading day of fiscal 2014, 2013 and 2012. The aggregate intrinsic value is the difference between HP's closing stock price on the last trading day of the fiscal year and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options. The total intrinsic value of options exercised in fiscal 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $151 million, $36 million and $176 million, respectively. The total grant date fair value of options vested in fiscal 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $53 million, $64 million and $104 million, respectively, net of taxes.

The following table summarizes significant ranges of outstanding and exercisable stock options:

	As of October 31, 2014
	Options Outstanding						Options Exercisable
Range of Exercise Prices	Shares Outstanding		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term		Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Shares Exercisable		Weighted- Average Exercise Price
	In thousands		In years				In thousands
$0-$9.99		324		3.7	$	7		323	$	7
$10-$19.99		18,387		5.8	$	14		3,620	$	14
$20-$29.99		21,077		5.8	$	26		9,358	$	25
$30-$39.99		2,502		3.5	$	36		1,628	$	36
$40-$49.99		14,910		0.4	$	43		14,877	$	43
$50-$59.99		511		2.3	$	52		511	$	52
$60 and over		142		0.1	$	71		142	$	71

		57,853		4.3	$	27		30,459	$	33

As of October 31, 2014, total unrecognized pre-tax stock-based compensation expense related to stock options was $61 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average vesting period of 2.0 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

HP sponsors the 2011 ESPP, pursuant to which eligible employees may contribute up to 10% of base compensation, subject to certain income limits, to purchase shares of HP's common stock.

Pursuant to the terms of the 2011 ESPP, employees purchase stock under the 2011 ESPP at a price equal to 95% of HP's closing stock price on the purchase date. No stock-based compensation expense was recorded in connection with those purchases because the criteria of a non-compensatory plan were met.

Shares Reserved

Shares available for future grant and shares reserved for future issuance under the stock-based incentive compensation plans and the 2011 ESPP were as follows:

	As of October 31
	2014		2013		2012
	In thousands
Shares available for future grant		246,852		300,984		152,837


Shares reserved for future issuance		344,848		417,642		270,498