5 ·Commitments and contingencies

Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative. In January 2008, the State of Hawaii (State) and the U.S. Department of Energy signed a memorandum of understanding establishing the Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative (HCEI). In October 2008, the Governor of the State, the State Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism, the Division of Consumer Advocacy of the State Department of Commerce and Consumer Affairs, and HECO, on behalf of itself and its subsidiaries, HELCO and MECO (collectively, the parties), signed an agreement setting forth goals and objectives under the HCEI and the related commitments of the parties (the Energy Agreement), including pursuing a wide range of actions to decrease the State’s dependence on imported fossil fuels through substantial increases in renewable energy and programs intended to secure greater energy efficiency and conservation. Many of the actions and programs included in the Energy Agreement require approval of the PUC.

Renewable energy projects. HECO and its subsidiaries continue to evaluate opportunities with developers of proposed projects to integrate power into its grid from a variety of renewable energy sources, including solar, biomass, wind, ocean thermal energy conversion, wave, geothermal and others. This includes HECO’s plan to integrate wind power into the Oahu electrical grid that would be imported via a yet-to-be-built undersea transmission cable system from a large windfarm proposed to be built on the island of Lanai.

In December 2009, the PUC allowed HECO to defer the costs of studies for the large wind project for later review of prudence and reasonableness. In April 2013, the PUC approved the recovery of $3.9 million in costs for stage 1 studies for the large wind project over a three-year period, with carrying costs to be accrued over the recovery period at the rate of 1.75% per annum, through the Renewable Energy Infrastructure Program (REIP) Surcharge.

In November 2011, HECO and MECO filed their application to seek PUC approval to defer for later recovery approximately $555,000 (split evenly between HECO and MECO) also through the REIP surcharge for additional studies to determine the value proposition of interconnecting the islands of Oahu and of Maui County (Maui, Lanai, and Molokai) and if doing so would be operationally beneficial and cost-effective. In August 2012, the PUC allowed HECO and MECO to defer the outside service costs for the additional studies for later review of prudence and reasonableness. The specific amount to be recovered, as well as the recovery mechanism and the terms of the recovery mechanism, will be determined at a later date.

A revised draft Request for Proposals (RFP) for 200 MW or more of renewable energy to be delivered to Oahu from any of the Hawaiian Islands has been posted on the HECO website prior to the issuance of a proposed final RFP. In February 2012, the PUC granted HECO’s request for deferred accounting treatment for the inter-island project support costs. The amount of the deferred costs was limited to $5.89 million.

In May 2012, the PUC instituted a proceeding for a competitive bidding process for up to 50 MW of firm renewable geothermal dispatchable energy (Geothermal RFP) on the island of Hawaii, and in July 2012, HELCO filed an application to defer 2012 costs related to the Geothermal RFP. In February 2013, HELCO issued the Final Geothermal RFP. Bids were received in April 2013 and are being evaluated.

Interim increases. As of March 31, 2013, HECO and its subsidiaries had recognized $3 million of revenues with respect to interim orders related to general rate increase requests. Revenue amounts recorded pursuant to interim orders are subject to refund, with interest, if they exceed amounts allowed in a final order.

Major projects. Many public utility projects require PUC approval and various permits from other governmental agencies. Difficulties in obtaining, or the inability to obtain, the necessary approvals or permits can result in significantly increased project costs or even cancellation of projects. Further, completion of projects is subject to various risks, such as problems or disputes with vendors. In the event a project does not proceed, or if it becomes probable the PUC will disallow cost recovery for all or part of a project, project costs may need to be written off in amounts that could result in significant reductions in HECO’s consolidated net income.

In May 2011, the PUC ordered independently conducted regulatory audits on the reasonableness of costs incurred for HECO’s East Oahu Transmission Project (EOTP), Campbell Industrial Park (CIP) combustion turbine No. 1 (CT-1) project, and Customer Information System (CIS) project. However, in March 2012, the PUC eliminated the requirement for a regulatory audit for the EOTP Phase I in connection with an approved settlement of the project cost issues and, in March 2013, the PUC eliminated the requirement for the CIP CT-1 and CIS projects as described below.

On January 28, 2013, HECO and its subsidiaries and the Consumer Advocate, signed a settlement agreement (2013 Agreement), subject to PUC approval, to write-off $40 million of costs in lieu of conducting the regulatory audits of the CIP CT-1 project and the CIS project. Based on the 2013 Agreement, as of December 31, 2012, the utilities recorded an after-tax charge to net income of approximately $24 million—$17.1 million for HECO, $3.4 million for HELCO, and $3.2 million for MECO. The remaining recoverable costs of $52 million were included in rate base as of December 31, 2012.

As part of the 2013 Agreement, HELCO would withdraw its 2013 test year rate case, and delay filing a new rate case until a 2016 test year. Additionally, HECO would delay the filing of its scheduled 2014 test year rate case to no earlier than January 2, 2014. For both utilities, the existing terms of the last rate case decisions would continue. HECO would also be allowed to record Revenue Adjustment Mechanism (RAM) revenues starting on January 1 of 2014, 2015 and 2016. The cash collection of RAM revenues would remain unchanged, starting June 1 of each year through May 31 of the following year.

On March 19, 2013, the PUC issued a decision and order (2013 D&O) approving the 2013 Agreement, with the following clarifications, none of which changed the financial impact recorded as of December 31, 2012: (1) the PUC reiterated its authority to examine and ascertain what post go-live CIS costs would be subject to regulatory review in future rate cases; (2) the PUC discouraged requesting single issue cost deferral accounting and/or cost recovery mechanisms during the period of rate case deferral by HECO and HELCO; (3) the PUC approved the agreed-upon recovery of CIP CT-1 and CIS project costs through the RAM, as set forth in the 2013 Agreement, however not setting a precedent for future projects; and (4) the PUC reaffirmed its right to rule on the substance of the MECO 2012 test year rate case in its ongoing rate case proceeding.

Campbell Industrial Park combustion turbine No. 1 and transmission line. HECO’s incurred costs for this project, which was placed in service in 2009, were $195 million, including $9 million of allowance for funds used during construction (AFUDC). In July 2011, the PUC allowed HECO to defer $32 million of costs that were in excess of the prior PUC approved amounts and related depreciation for HECO’s CIP CT-1 project until completion of the contemplated regulatory audit, which was subsequently cancelled pursuant to the 2013 D&O. The PUC also approved the accrual of a carrying charge on the cost of the project not yet included in rates and the related depreciation expense and allowed the remaining project costs that were not deferred to be included in electric rates.

For accounting purposes, HECO will recognize the equity portion of the carrying charge when it is collected in electric rates (expected to begin on June 1, 2013). Effective May 31, 2013, the accrual of a carrying charge will end. The CIP CT-1 deferred costs and depreciation are expected to be recovered in electric rates beginning on June 1, 2013. Management believes no adjustment to project costs is required as of March 31, 2013.

Customer Information System Project. In 2005, the PUC approved the utilities’ request to (i) expend the then-estimated $20 million (including $18 million for capital and deferred costs) for a new Customer Information System (CIS), provided that no part of the project costs may be included in rate base until the project is in service and is “used and useful for public utility purposes,” and (ii) defer certain computer software development costs, accumulate AFUDC during the deferral period, amortize the deferred costs over a specified period and include the unamortized deferred costs in rate base, subject to specified conditions.

The CIS project’s new software system became operational in May 2012. In February 2012 and May 2012, the PUC granted HECO’s and MECO’s requests, respectively, to defer CIS project operation and maintenance expenses (limited to $2.3 million per year in 2011 and 2012 for HECO and limited to $0.6 million in 2012 for MECO) until completion of the contemplated regulatory audit, which was subsequently cancelled pursuant to the 2013 D&O. The PUC also allowed them to accrue AFUDC on project costs (including deferred operation and maintenance expenses). For accounting purposes, the utilities will recognize the equity portion of the carrying charge when it is collected in electric rates (expected to begin on June 1, 2013). Effective May 31, 2013, the accrual of AFUDC will end. As of March 31, 2013, the utilities’ total deferred and capital costs for the CIS project were $20 million (after the write-off of $40 million of project costs pursuant to the 2013 Agreement and 2013 D&O described above). The CIS project costs of $20 million are expected to be recovered in electric rates beginning on June 1, 2013. Management believes no further adjustment to project costs is required as of March 31, 2013.

Environmental regulation. HECO and its subsidiaries are subject to environmental laws and regulations that regulate the operation of existing facilities, the construction and operation of new facilities and the proper cleanup and disposal of hazardous waste and toxic substances. In recent years, legislative, regulatory and governmental activities related to the environment, including proposals and rulemaking under the Clean Air Act (CAA) and Clean Water Act (CWA), have increased significantly and management anticipates that such activity will continue.

On April 20, 2011, the Federal Register published the federal Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) proposed regulations required by section 316(b) of the CWA designed to protect aquatic organisms from adverse impacts associated with existing power plant cooling water intake structures. The proposed regulations would apply to the cooling water systems for the steam generating units at HECO’s power plants on the island of Oahu. If adopted as proposed, management believes the proposed regulations would require significant capital and annual other operation and maintenance (O&M) expenditures. On June 11, 2012, the EPA published additional information on the section 316(b) rule making that indicates that the EPA is considering establishing lower cost compliance alternatives in the final rule. The EPA has delayed issuance of the final section 316(b) rule until June 2013.

On February 16, 2012, the Federal Register published the EPA’s final rule establishing the EPA’s National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for fossil-fuel fired steam electrical generating units (EGUs). The final rule, known as the Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS), applies to the 14 EGUs at HECO’s power plants. MATS establishes the Maximum Achievable Control Technology standards for the control of hazardous air pollutants emissions from new and existing EGUs. Based on a review of the final rule and the benefits and costs of alternative compliance strategies, HECO has selected a MATS compliance strategy based on switching to lower emission fuels. The use of lower emission fuels will provide for MATS compliance at lower overall costs, avoid the reduction in operational flexibility imposed by emissions control equipment, achieve timely compliance with the MATS and provide flexibility for optimizing the combined compliance strategies for MATS and the tightening of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. On February 6, 2013, the EPA issued a guidance document titled “Next Steps for Area Designations and Implementation of the Sulfur Dioxide National Ambient Air Quality Standard,” which outlines a process that will provide the states additional flexibility and time for their development of one-hour SO2 NAAQS implementation plans. HECO will work with the Hawaii Department of Health (DOH) and the EPA in the rulemaking process for these implementation plans to insure development of cost-effective strategies for NAAQS compliance.

Depending upon the final outcome of the CWA 316(b) regulations and proposed changes to CWA effluent standards, the specifics of the MATS compliance plan, and the implementation of more stringent National Ambient Air Quality Standards, HECO and its subsidiaries may be required to incur material capital expenditures and other compliance costs, but such amounts are not determinable at this time. Additionally, the combined effects of these regulatory initiatives may result in a decision to retire or deactivate certain generating units earlier than anticipated.

HECO, HELCO and MECO, like other utilities, periodically experience petroleum or other chemical releases into the environment associated with current operations and report and take action on these releases when and as required by applicable law and regulations. HECO and its subsidiaries believe the costs of responding to such releases identified to date will not have a material adverse effect, individually or in the aggregate, on HECO’s consolidated results of operations, financial condition or liquidity.

Former Molokai Electric Company generation site. In 1989, MECO acquired by merger Molokai Electric Company. Molokai Electric Company had sold its former generation site (Site) in 1983, but continued to operate at the Site under a lease until 1985. The EPA has since performed Brownfield assessments of the Site that identified environmental impacts in the subsurface. Although MECO never operated at the Site and operations there had stopped four years before the merger, in discussions with the EPA and the DOH, MECO agreed to undertake additional investigations at the Site and an adjacent parcel that Molokai Electric Company had used for equipment storage (the Adjacent Parcel) to determine the extent of impacts of subsurface contaminants. A 2011 assessment by a MECO contractor of the Adjacent Parcel identified environmental impacts, including elevated polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the subsurface soils. In cooperation with the DOH and EPA, MECO is further investigating the Site and the Adjacent Parcel to determine the extent of impacts of PCBs, fuel oils, and other subsurface contaminants. In March 2012, MECO accrued an additional $3.1 million (reserve balance of $3.6 million as of March 31, 2013) for the additional investigation and estimated cleanup costs at the Site and the Adjacent Parcel; however, final costs of remediation will depend on the results of continued investigation.

Global climate change and greenhouse gas emissions reduction. National and international concern about climate change and the contribution of GHG emissions (including carbon dioxide emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels) to global warming have led to action by the State and to federal legislative and regulatory proposals to reduce GHG emissions.

In July 2007, Act 234, which requires a statewide reduction of GHG emissions by January 1, 2020 to levels at or below the statewide GHG emission levels in 1990, became law in Hawaii. The electric utilities participated in a Task Force established under Act 234, which was charged with developing a work plan and regulatory approach to reduce GHG emissions, as well as in initiatives aimed at reducing their GHG emissions, such as those being implemented under the Energy Agreement. On October 19, 2012, the DOH posted the proposed regulations required by Act 234 for public hearing and comment. In general, the proposed regulations would require affected sources that have the potential to emit GHGs in excess of established thresholds to reduce GHG emissions by 25% below 2010 emission levels by 2020. The proposed regulations also assess affected sources an annual fee based on tons per year of GHG emissions, beginning with emissions in calendar year 2012. The proposed DOH GHG rule also tracks the federal the federal “Prevention of Significant Deterioration and Title V Greenhouse Gas Tailoring Rule” (GHG Tailoring Rule, see below) and would create new thresholds for GHG emissions from new and existing stationary source facilities. Both the federal and state regulations create certain exclusions for carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from biomass-fired and other biogenic sources. HECO submitted comments on the proposed regulations in January 2013. HECO continues to monitor this rulemaking proceeding and will participate in the further development of the regulations.

Several approaches (e.g., “cap and trade”) to GHG emission reduction have been either introduced or discussed in the U.S. Congress; however, no federal legislation has yet been enacted.

On September 22, 2009, the EPA issued its Final Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gases Rule, which requires that sources emitting GHGs above certain threshold levels monitor and report GHG emissions. The utilities have submitted the required reports for 2010, 2011 and 2012 to the EPA. In December 2009, the EPA made the finding that motor vehicle GHG emissions endanger public health or welfare. Since then, the EPA has also issued rules that begin to address GHG emissions from stationary sources, like the utilities’ generating units.

In June 2010, the EPA issued its GHG Tailoring Rule. Effective January 2, 2011, under the Prevention of Significant Deterioration program, permitting of new or modified stationary sources that have the potential to emit GHGs in greater quantities than the thresholds in the GHG Tailoring Rule will entail GHG emissions evaluation, analysis and, potentially, control requirements. In January 2011, the EPA announced that it plans to defer, for three years, GHG permitting requirements for carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from biomass-fired and other biogenic sources. The utilities are evaluating the impact of this deferral on their generation units that are or will be fired on biofuels. On March 27, 2012, the Federal Register published the EPA’s proposed New Source Performance Standard regulating carbon dioxide emissions from affected new fossil fuel-fired generating units. As proposed, the rule does not apply to non-continental units (i.e., in Hawaii and U.S. Territories) and therefore does not apply to the utilities.

HECO and its subsidiaries have taken, and continue to identify opportunities to take, direct action to reduce GHG emissions from their operations, including, but not limited to, supporting DSM programs that foster energy efficiency, using renewable resources for energy production and purchasing power from IPPs generated by renewable resources, burning renewable biodiesel in HECO’s CIP CT-1, using biodiesel for startup and shutdown of selected MECO generating units, and testing biofuel blends in other HECO and MECO generating units. The utilities are also working with the State of Hawaii and other entities to pursue the use of liquefied natural gas as a cleaner and lower cost fuel to replace, at least in part, the petroleum oil that would otherwise be used. Management is unable to evaluate the ultimate impact on the utilities’ operations of eventual comprehensive GHG regulation. However, management believes that the various initiatives it is undertaking will provide a sound basis for managing the electric utilities’ carbon footprint and meeting GHG reduction goals that will ultimately emerge.

While the timing, extent and ultimate effects of climate change cannot be determined with any certainty, climate change is predicted to result in sea level rise, which could potentially impact coastal and other low-lying areas (where much of the utilities’ electric infrastructure is sited), and could cause erosion of beaches, saltwater intrusion into aquifers and surface ecosystems, higher water tables and increased flooding and storm damage due to heavy rainfall. The effects of climate change on the weather (for example, floods or hurricanes), sea levels, and water availability and quality have the potential to materially adversely affect the results of operations, financial condition and liquidity of the electric utilities. For example, severe weather could cause significant harm to the electric utilities’ physical facilities.

Asset retirement obligations. Asset retirement obligations (AROs) represent legal obligations associated with the retirement of certain tangible long-lived assets, are measured as the present value of the projected costs for the future retirement of specific assets and are recognized in the period in which the liability is incurred if a reasonable estimate of fair value can be made. HECO and its subsidiaries’ recognition of AROs have no impact on their earnings. The cost of the AROs is recovered over the life of the asset through depreciation. AROs recognized by HECO and its subsidiaries relate to obligations to retire plant and equipment, including removal of asbestos and other hazardous materials.

Changes to the ARO liability included in “Other liabilities” on HECO’s balance sheet were as follows:

(in thousands)	2013			2012
Balance, January 1	$	48,431		$	50,871
Accretion expense	124			451
Liabilities incurred	—			—
Liabilities settled	(642		)	(210		)
Revisions in estimated cash flows	—			—
Balance, March 31	$	47,913		$	51,112

Collective bargaining agreements. On November 1, 2012, the utilities’ bargaining unit employees ratified a new collective bargaining agreement and a new benefit agreement that both expire on October 31, 2018. The collective bargaining agreement provides for general non-compounded wage increases of 3% for 2014, 2015, 2017 and 2018, and 3.25% for 2016. (A general 3% non-compounded wage increase has been provided to bargaining unit employees for 2013 under the collective bargaining agreement ratified in March 2011). The agreement also includes wage adjustments for certain trades and crafts positions and different wage rates for new bargaining unit office and clerical positions. The new benefit agreement provides for an escalating percentage of employee contributions without caps for medical premiums throughout the term of the agreement. As of April 1, 2013, approximately 52% of the electric utilities’ employees were members of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, AFL-CIO, Local 1260, which is the only union representing employees of the electric utilities.