INCOME TAXES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

INCOME TAXES

INCOME TAXES

13.    INCOME TAXES

The income tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of the annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, that are taken into account in the relevant period. Each quarter, the estimate of the annual effective tax rate is updated, and if the estimated effective tax rate changes, a cumulative adjustment is made. There is potential for volatility of the effective tax rate due to several factors, including changes in the mix of the pre-tax income and the jurisdictions to which it relates, changes in tax laws, settlements with taxing authorities and foreign currency fluctuations.

The effective income tax rate was 20.2% and 21.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 includes net discrete tax benefits of (3.0)% and (2.3)%, respectively, primarily related to the reversal of foreign uncertain tax positions.