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INCOME TAXES
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2021
INCOME TAXES  
INCOME TAXES

12.    INCOME TAXES

The income tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of the annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, that are taken into account in the relevant period. Each quarter, the estimate of the annual effective tax rate is updated, and if the estimated effective tax rate changes, a cumulative adjustment is made. There is a potential for volatility of the effective tax rate due to several factors, including changes in the mix of the pre-tax income and the jurisdictions to which it relates, changes in tax laws, settlements with taxing authorities and foreign currency fluctuations.

The effective income tax rate was 21.9% and 29.9% for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The effective tax rate includes a discrete tax benefit of (4.3%) and tax provision of 1.7%, respectively, related primarily to the recognition of excess tax provision and benefit for share-based payment awards. For the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, the effective income tax rate was (40.3%) and 28.8%, respectively. The effective tax rate includes a discrete tax benefit of (67.1%) and provision of 0.9%, respectively. The discrete benefit in the six months ended June 30, 2021 is related primarily to the recognition of net operating loss carryforwards resulting from tax legislation enacted in New Zealand during the period, which changes our ability to use the carryforwards in future periods. The discrete tax provision for the six months ended June 30, 2020 related primarily to the recognition of excess tax provision for share-based payments.