e provision (benefit) for income taxes consists of the following:



	For the years ended December 31,
	2016		2015			2014
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Current - U.S. Federal	$	2	$	36		$	(339	)
Deferred - U.S. Federal	72		(6		)	523
Total income tax expense	$	74	$	30		$	184

Deferred tax assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets represent the tax consequences of differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets (liabilities) include the following:



	As of December 31,
Deferred Tax Assets	2016			2015
Tax basis deferred policy acquisition costs	$	101		$	119
Unearned premium reserve and other underwriting related reserves	6			4
Financial statement deferred policy acquisition costs and reserves	32			—
Investment-related items	135			524
Insurance product derivatives	79			90
Net operating loss carryover	1,155			1,166
Alternative minimum tax credit	232			232
Foreign tax credit carryover	40			122
Other	191			16
Total Deferred Tax Assets	1,971			2,273
Net Deferred Tax Assets	1,971			2,273
Deferred Tax Liabilities
Financial statement deferred policy acquisition costs and reserves	—			(220		)
Net unrealized gain on investments	(480		)	(432		)
Employee benefits	(54		)	(40		)
Total Deferred Tax Liabilities	(534		)	(692		)
Net Deferred Tax Assets	$	1,437		$	1,581

The Company has a current income tax receivable of $64 and $276 as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Under a separate entity approach, no current tax benefits would have been required to be recorded to equity in 2016, 2015, or 2014.

The Company believes it is more likely than not that all deferred tax assets will be fully realized. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, management considered future taxable temporary difference reversals, future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryovers, taxable income in open carry back years and other tax planning strategies. From time to time, tax planning strategies could include holding a portion of debt securities with market value losses until recovery, altering the level of tax exempt securities held, making investments which have specific tax characteristics, and business considerations such as asset-liability matching.

Net deferred income taxes include the future tax benefits associated with the net operating loss carryover, alternative minimum tax credit carryover and foreign tax credit carryover as follows:

Net Operating Loss Carryover

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the net deferred tax asset included the expected tax benefit attributable to net operating losses of $3,301 and $3,333, respectively. If unutilized, $3,299 of the losses expire from 2023-2029. Utilization of these loss carryovers is dependent upon the generation of sufficient future taxable income.

Most of the net operating loss carryover originated from the Company's U.S. annuity business, including from the hedging program. Given the continued runoff of the U.S. fixed and variable annuity business, the exposure to taxable losses is significantly lessened. Accordingly, given the expected future ultimate parent's consolidated group earnings, the Company believes sufficient taxable income will be generated in the future to utilize its net operating loss carryover. Although the Company believes there will be sufficient future taxable income to fully recover the remainder of the loss carryover, the Company's estimate of the likely realization may change over time.

Alternative Minimum Tax Credit and Foreign Tax Credit Carryover

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the net deferred tax asset included the expected tax benefit attributable to alternative minimum tax credit carryover of $232 and $232 and foreign tax credit carryover of $40 and $122 respectively. The alternative minimum tax credits have no expiration date and the foreign tax credit carryover expire from 2020 to 2024. These credits are available to offset regular federal income taxes from future taxable income and although the Company believes there will be sufficient future regular federal taxable income, there can be no certainty that future events will not affect the ability to utilize the credits. Additionally, the use of the foreign tax credits generally depends on the generation of sufficient taxable income to first utilize all of the U.S. net operating loss carryover. However, the Company has identified and purchased certain investments which allow for utilization of the foreign tax credits without first using the net operating loss carryover. Consequently, the Company believes it is more likely than not the foreign tax credit carryover will be fully realized. Accordingly, no valuation allowance has been provided on either the alternative minimum tax carryover or foreign tax credit carryover.

The Company or one or more of its subsidiaries files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and various states and foreign jurisdictions. The federal audit of the years 2012 and 2013 began in March 2015 and is expected to be completed in 2017. Management believes that adequate provision has been made in the financial statements for any potential assessments that may result from tax examinations and other tax-related matters for all open tax years.

The Company’s unrecognized tax benefits are settled with the parent consistent with the terms of a tax sharing agreement. The Company’s effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2015 reflects a $36 net reduction in the provision for income taxes from intercompany tax settlements.

A reconciliation of the tax provision at the U.S. Federal statutory rate to the provision (benefit) for income taxes is as follows:



	For the years ended December 31,
	2016			2015			2014
Tax provision at the U.S. federal statutory rate	$	125		$	186		$	301
Dividends received deduction ("DRD")	(76		)	(152		)	(109		)
Foreign related investments	(7		)	(3		)	(8		)
IRS audit adjustments	31			—			—
Other	1			(1		)	—
Provision for income taxes	$	74		$	30		$	184

The separate account DRD is estimated for the current year using information from the most recent return, adjusted for current year equity market performance and other appropriate factors, including estimated levels of corporate dividend payments and level of policy owner equity account balances. The actual current year DRD can vary from estimates based on, but not limited to, changes in eligible dividends received in the mutual funds, amounts of distributions from these mutual funds, amounts of short-term capital gains at the mutual fund level and the Company’s taxable income before the DRD. The Company evaluates its DRD computations on a quarterly basis.