e Company cedes insurance to affiliated and unaffiliated insurers to enable the Company to manage capital and risk exposure. Such arrangements do not relieve the Company of its primary liability to policyholders. Failure of reinsurers to honor their obligations could result in losses to the Company. The Company's procedures include careful initial selection of its reinsurers, structuring agreements to provide collateral funds where necessary, and regularly monitoring the financial condition and ratings of its reinsurers.

Reinsurance Recoverables

Reinsurance recoverables include balances due from reinsurance companies and are presented net of an allowance for uncollectible reinsurance. Reinsurance recoverables include an estimate of the amount of gross losses and loss adjustment expense reserves that may be ceded under the terms of the reinsurance agreements, including incurred but not reported unpaid losses. The Company’s estimate of losses and loss adjustment expense reserves ceded to reinsurers is based on assumptions that are consistent with those used in establishing the gross reserves for business ceded to the reinsurance contracts. The Company calculates its ceded reinsurance projection based on the terms of any applicable reinsurance agreements, including an estimate of how incurred but not reported losses will ultimately be ceded under reinsurance agreements. Accordingly, the Company’s estimate of reinsurance recoverables is subject to similar risks and uncertainties as the estimate of the gross reserve for future policy benefits.

The Company's reinsurance recoverables are summarized as follows:



	As of December 31,
Reinsurance Recoverables	2016		2015
Reserve for future policy benefits and other policyholder funds and benefits payable
Sold businesses (MassMutual and Prudential)	$	19,363	$	18,993
Other reinsurers	1,362		1,506
Gross reinsurance recoverables	$	20,725	$	20,499

As of December 31, 2016, the Company has reinsurance recoverables from MassMutual and Prudential of $8.6 billion and $10.8 billion, respectively. As of December 31, 2015, the Company has reinsurance recoverables from MassMutual and Prudential of $8.6 billion and $10.4 billion, respectively. The Company's obligations to its direct policyholders that have been reinsured to MassMutual and Prudential are secured by invested assets held in trust. Net of invested assets held in trust, as of December 31, 2016, the Company has $1.2 billion of reinsurance recoverables from Prudential representing approximately 15% of the Company's consolidated stockholder's equity. As of December 31, 2016, the Company has no other reinsurance-related concentrations of credit risk greater than 10% of the Company’s Consolidated Stockholder's Equity.

No allowance for uncollectible reinsurance is required as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. The allowance for uncollectible reinsurance reflects management’s best estimate of reinsurance cessions that may be uncollectible in the future due to reinsurers’ unwillingness or inability to pay. The Company analyzes recent developments in commutation activity between reinsurers and cedants, recent trends in arbitration and litigation outcomes in disputes between reinsurers and cedants and the overall credit quality of the Company’s reinsurers. Based on this analysis, the Company may adjust the allowance for uncollectible reinsurance or charge off reinsurer balances that are determined to be uncollectible. Where its contracts permit, the Company secures future claim obligations with various forms of collateral, including irrevocable letters of credit, secured trusts, funds held accounts and group-wide offsets.

Due to the inherent uncertainties as to collection and the length of time before reinsurance recoverables become due, it is possible that future adjustments to the Company’s reinsurance recoverables, net of the allowance, could be required, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or cash flows in a particular quarter or annual period.

Insurance Revenues

The effect of reinsurance on earned premiums, fee income and other is as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2016			2015			2014
Gross earned premiums, fee income and other	$	2,659		$	2,877		$	3,228
Reinsurance assumed	129			113			74
Reinsurance ceded	(1,616		)	(1,801		)	(2,060		)
Net earned premiums, fee income and other	$	1,172		$	1,189		$	1,242

The cost of reinsurance related to long-duration contracts is accounted for over the life of the underlying reinsured policies using assumptions consistent with those used to account for the underlying policies. Insurance recoveries on ceded reinsurance agreements, which reduce death and other benefits, were $1,131, $1,094, and $845 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. In addition, the Company has reinsured a portion of the risk associated with U.S. variable annuities and the associated GMDB and GMWB riders.

The Company also maintains a reinsurance agreement with HLA, whereby the Company cedes both group life and group accident and health risk. Under this treaty, the Company ceded group life premium of $40, $64, and $85 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. The Company ceded accident and health premiums to HLA of $86, $129, and $365 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively.