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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill by Segment
The following table reflects the changes in carrying amounts of goodwill by each reporting unit for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:
(In thousands)
Harsco Environmental
 Clean Earth
Harsco Rail
Consolidated Totals
Balance at December 31, 2022$379,954 $379,299 $13,026 $772,279 
Foreign currency translation8,699 — — 8,699 
Balance at December 31, 2023388,653 379,299 13,026 780,978 
Changes to goodwill (a)
(19,031)— — (19,031)
Goodwill impairment— — (13,026)(13,026)
Foreign currency translation(9,163)— — (9,163)
Balance at December 31, 2024$360,459 $379,299 $— $739,758 
(a) The changes to goodwill relate to the divestitures of the Performix and Reed businesses.
The Company's methodology for determining the fair value for its reporting units is described in Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. The Company tests for goodwill impairment annually as of October 1, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist or a decision is made to dispose of a business.
The performance of the Company's 2024 annual quantitative impairment tests did not result in impairment of the Company's goodwill for Harsco Environmental or Clean Earth. See Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, for the Company's methodology for determining reporting unit fair value. Due to lower projections, this testing resulted in the Company recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $13.0 million for the Rail reporting unit which is included in Goodwill and other intangible asset impairment charges on the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year-ended December 31, 2024. This charge had no impact on the Company's cash flows or compliance with debt covenants.    

In 2022, as a result of lower earnings expectations due to the impacts of inflation, an interim goodwill test was required for the Clean Earth reporting unit. As a result of this testing, the Company recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $104.6 million, which is included in Goodwill and other intangible asset impairment charges on the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year-ended December 31, 2022.

Intangible Assets
Net intangible assets totaled $298.4 million and $328.0 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The following table reflects these intangible assets by major category:
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
(In thousands)Gross Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization		Gross Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization
Customer related$95,251 $69,795 $102,119 $66,016 
Permits310,236 82,799 309,679 66,733 
Technology related22,880 17,477 21,803 17,001 
Trade names31,514 15,142 31,580 12,428 
Air rights26,139 3,979 26,139 3,281 
Patents162 148 206 179 
Non-compete agreement2,500 2,500 2,500 2,343 
Other3,457 1,861 3,584 1,646 
Total$492,139 $193,701 $497,610 $169,627 
In 2024, due to the loss of a customer in Europe for HE, the Company recorded a $2.8 million charge to fully impair the value of a related customer relationship intangible asset, which is included in Goodwill and other intangible asset impairment charges on the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
In 2022, based on the current economic conditions, to include inflation and higher energy prices, the Company lowered its long-range projections for the Altek Group of the Harsco Environmental Segment and therefore tested the recoverability of Altek's asset group. As a result of this testing, an impairment charge of $15.0 million was recorded, which is included in Goodwill and other intangible asset impairment charges on the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year-ended December 31, 2022. The carrying value of Altek's intangible assets after the impairment charge was $15.3 million at December 31, 2022.
Amortization expense for intangible assets was $27.3 million, $28.9 million and $31.4 million for 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Intangible assets are principally amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life, except for the air rights, which are amortized based on usage. The following table shows the estimated amortization expense for the next five fiscal years based on current intangible assets.
(In thousands)20252026202720282029
Estimated amortization expense (a)
$26,300 $26,300 $25,000 $23,500 $22,800 
(a)    These estimated amortization expense amounts do not reflect the potential effect of future foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations.