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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
During the three months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded a total income tax provision of $18 million on a pre-tax loss of $1.0 million, resulting in an unusually high negative effective tax rate for the quarter. Our effective tax rate during the three months ended September 30, 2020 was impacted by the geographic mix of our earnings in conjunction with the immaterial loss this quarter. During the three months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded a total income tax provision of $76 million on pre-tax income of $372 million, resulting in an effective tax rate of 20.4%. Our effective tax rate during the three months ended September 30, 2019 was impacted by certain discrete tax benefits and the geographic mix of our earnings.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded a total income tax benefit of $265 million on a pre-tax loss of $3.0 billion, resulting in an effective tax rate of 8.9%. The effective tax rate for this period was primarily impacted by our first quarter of 2020 results, which included the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and OPEC+ disagreements which created an unprecedented disruption in the oil and gas industry. After evaluating the negative impact that these events were expected to have on our business outlook, we determined that it was more likely than not that certain foreign tax credits would not be realized. Accordingly, we recognized a valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets in the amount of $310 million during the first quarter of 2020. Additionally, we recorded $3.4 billion of impairments and other charges and a $168 million loss on extinguishment of debt during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, resulting in a $696 million tax benefit recognized during the period. Our effective tax rate during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was also impacted by the geographic mix of our earnings. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded a total income tax provision of $190 million on pre-tax income of $715 million, resulting in an effective tax rate of 26.6%. Our effective tax rate during this period was significantly impacted by the impairments and other charges recorded, as we did not recognize a corresponding financial statement tax benefit for the majority of these charges. Additionally, our effective tax rate was impacted by the geographic mix of our earnings.
See Note 2 for further information on these adverse market conditions and impairments and other charges recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.