Revenue (Notes)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Changes in accounting policies

Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard. The details of the significant changes to our accounting policies resulting from the adoption of the new standard are set out below. We adopted the standard using a modified retrospective method; accordingly, the comparative information for the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 has not been adjusted and continues to be reported under the previous revenue standard. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact to our consolidated financial position, reported revenue, results of operations or cash flows as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018. See Note 15 for additional information about the new accounting standard.

Under the new standard, revenue recognition is based on the transfer of control, or our customer’s ability to benefit from our services and products in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those services and products. The vast majority of our service and product contracts are short-term in nature. In recognizing revenue for our services and products, we determine the transaction price of purchase orders or contracts with our customers, which may consist of fixed and variable consideration. Determining the transaction price may require significant judgment, which includes identifying performance obligations in the contract, determining whether promised services can be distinguished in the context of the contract, and estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price.

We also assess our customer’s ability and intention to pay, which is based on a variety of factors including our customer’s historical payment experience and financial condition. Payment terms and conditions vary by contract type, although terms generally include a requirement of payment within 20 days to 60 days. Other judgments involved in recognizing revenue include an assessment of progress towards completion of performance obligations for certain long-term contracts, which involve estimating total costs to determine our progress towards contract completion and calculating the corresponding amount of revenue to recognize.

Disaggregation of revenue

We disaggregate revenue from contracts with customers into types of services or products, consistent with our two reportable segments, in addition to geographical area. In 2018, 2017 and 2016, based on the location of services provided and products sold, 58%, 53% and 41%, respectively, of our consolidated revenue was from the United States. No other country accounted for more than 10% of our revenue. The following table presents information on our disaggregated revenue.



	Year Ended December 31
Millions of dollars	2018		2017		2016
Revenue by division:
Completion and Production	$	15,973	$	13,077	$	8,882
Drilling and Evaluation	8,022		7,543		7,005
Total revenue	$	23,995	$	20,620	$	15,887
Revenue by geographic region:
North America	$	14,431	$	11,564	$	6,770
Latin America	2,065		2,116		1,860
Europe/Africa/CIS	2,945		2,781		2,993
Middle East/Asia	4,554		4,159		4,264
Total revenue	$	23,995	$	20,620	$	15,887

Contract balances

We perform our obligations under contracts with our customers by transferring services and products in exchange for consideration. The timing of our performance often differs from the timing of our customer’s payment, which results in the recognition of receivables and deferred revenue. Deferred revenue represents advance consideration received from customers for contracts where revenue is recognized on future performance of service. Deferred revenue, as well as revenue recognized during the period relating to amounts included as deferred revenue at the beginning of the period, was not material to our consolidated financial statements.

Transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations

Remaining performance obligations represent firm contracts for which work has not been performed and future revenue recognition is expected. We have elected the practical expedient permitting the exclusion of disclosing remaining performance obligations for contracts that have an original expected duration of one year or less. We have some long-term contracts related to software and integrated project management services such as lump sum turnkey contracts. For software contracts, revenue is generally recognized over time throughout the license period when the software is considered to be a right to access our intellectual property. For lump sum turnkey projects, we recognize revenue over time using an input method, which requires us to exercise judgment. Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations for these long-term contracts is not material.