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Retirement Plans (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Change in Benefit Obligation, Fair Value of Plan Assets & Funded Status of Pension Plans & Postretirement Medical Plan
The following table summarizes the benefit obligations, the fair value of plan assets, and the funded status of our pension and postretirement medical plans:
Funded
Pension Plans		Unfunded
Pension Plan		Postretirement
Medical Plan
 202220212022202120222021
 (In millions)
Change in Benefit Obligation      
Balance at January 1, $2,948 $3,085 $248 $269 $59 $65 
Service cost 33 41 11 10 3 3 
Interest cost 66 52 3 3 1 1 
Actuarial (gain) loss (a)(818)(126)(38)(8)(7)(3)
Plan settlements(266)(10)— (24)— — 
Benefit payments(90)(90)(12)(2)(4)(7)
Plan amendments— 2 — — — — 
Foreign currency exchange rate changes (71)(6)— — — — 
Balance at December 31, (b)$1,802 $2,948 $212 $248 $52 $59 
Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets
Balance at January 1,$3,357 $3,043 $— $— $— $— 
Actual return on plan assets(469)417 — — — — 
Employer contributions1 6 12 26 4 7 
Plan settlements(266)(10)— (24)— — 
Benefit payments(90)(90)(12)(2)(4)(7)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes(83)(9)— — — — 
Balance at December 31,$2,450 $3,357 $— $— $— $— 
Funded Status (Plan assets greater (less) than benefit obligations) at December 31,$648 $409 $(212)$(248)$(52)$(59)
Unrecognized Net Actuarial (Gains) Losses$337 $501 $23 $66 $(27)$(21)
(a)Changes in discount rates resulted in actuarial gains of $874 million in 2022 (2021: $178 million of actuarial gains). Changes in mortality assumptions resulted in actuarial losses of $8 million in 2022 (2021: $7 million of actuarial losses). Changes in all other assumptions, including inflation and demographic assumptions, resulted in actuarial losses of $3 million in 2022 (2021: $34 million of actuarial losses of which $36 million of actuarial losses related to changes in the inflation assumptions for our U.K. pension plan).
(b)At December 31, 2022, the accumulated benefit obligation for the funded and unfunded defined benefit pension plans was $1,743 million and $180 million, respectively (2021: $2,856 million and $208 million, respectively).
Amounts Recognized in Balance Sheet for Pension Plans & Postretirement Medical Plan Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31 consisted of the following:
Funded
Pension Plans		Unfunded
Pension Plan		Postretirement
Medical Plan
 202220212022202120222021
 (In millions)
Noncurrent assets$648 $409 $— $— $— $— 
Current liabilities— — (24)(34)(6)(6)
Noncurrent liabilities— — (188)(214)(46)(53)
Pension assets / (accrued benefit liability)$648 $409 $(212)$(248)$(52)$(59)
Accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss, pre-tax (a)$337 $501 $23 $66 $(27)$(21)
(a)The after‑tax deficit reflected in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) was $131 million at December 31, 2022 (2021: $338 million deficit).
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost for Pension Plans & Postretirement Medical Plan
The net periodic benefit cost for funded and unfunded pension plans, and the postretirement medical plan, is as follows:
 Pension PlansPostretirement Medical Plan
 202220212020202220212020
 (In millions)
Service cost $44 $51 $50 $3 $3 $3 
Interest cost 69 55 73 1 1 1 
Expected return on plan assets (196)(197)(180)— — — 
Amortization of unrecognized net actuarial losses (gains)11 58 48 (1)(1)(1)
Settlement loss 2 9 — — — — 
Net Periodic Benefit Cost / (Income) (a)$(70)$(24)$(9)$3 $3 $3 
(a)Net non-service cost, which is included in Other, net in the Statement of Consolidated Income, was income of $114 million in 2022 (2021: $75 million of income; 2020: $59 million of income).
Actuarial Assumptions Used for Pension Plans & Postretirement Medical Plan The weighted average actuarial assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31 and net periodic benefit cost for the three years ended December 31 for our funded and unfunded pension plans were as follows:
 202220212020
Benefit Obligations:   
Discount rate 5.0%2.5%2.2%
Rate of compensation increase 4.0%3.8%3.8%
Net Periodic Benefit Cost:
Discount rate
Service cost3.3%2.6%3.2%
Interest cost3.0%1.7%2.6%
Expected rate of return on plan assets 6.5%6.6%6.7%
Rate of compensation increase 3.8%3.8%3.8%
The actuarial assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31 for the postretirement medical plan were as follows:
 202220212020
Discount rate 4.9%2.4%1.9%
Initial health care trend rate 6.3%5.5%6.0%
Ultimate trend rate 4.0%4.0%4.5%
Year in which ultimate trend rate is reached 204620462038
Fair Value of Financial Assets of Funded Pension Plans The following tables provide the fair value of the financial assets of the funded pension plans at December 31, 2022 and 2021 in accordance with the fair value measurement hierarchy described in Note 1, Nature of Operations, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Accounting Policies.
 Level 1Level 2Level 3Net Asset
Value (c)		Total
 (In millions)
December 31, 2022     
Cash and Short-Term Investment Funds $51 $— $— $— $51 
Equities:
U.S. equities (domestic) 409 — — 11 420 
International equities (non-U.S.) 62 11 — 306 379 
Global equities (domestic and non-U.S.) — 5 — 90 95 
Fixed Income:
Treasury and government related (a) — 364 — — 364 
Mortgage-backed securities (b) — 142 — 18 160 
Corporate — 304 — 8 312 
Other:
Hedge funds — — — 75 75 
Private equity funds — — — 374 374 
Real estate funds 9 — — 211 220 
Total investments$531 $826 $— $1,093 $2,450 
December 31, 2021
Cash and Short-Term Investment Funds $19 $— $— $— $19 
Equities:
U.S. equities (domestic) 601 — — 87 688 
International equities (non-U.S.) 73 56 — 375 504 
Global equities (domestic and non-U.S.) — 7 — 224 231 
Fixed Income:
Treasury and government related (a) — 361 — 41 402 
Mortgage-backed securities (b) — 128 — 63 191 
Corporate 128 452 — 55 635 
Other:
Hedge funds — — — 81 81 
Private equity funds — — — 382 382 
Real estate funds 29 — — 195 224 
Total investments$850 $1,004 $— $1,503 $3,357 
(a)Includes securities issued and guaranteed by U.S. and non‑U.S. governments, and securities issued by governmental agencies and municipalities.
(b)Comprised of U.S. residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities.
(c)Includes certain investments that have been valued using the net asset value (NAV) practical expedient, and therefore have not been categorized in the fair value hierarchy.  The inclusion of such amounts in the above table is intended to aid reconciliation of investments categorized in the fair value hierarchy to total pension plan assets.
Estimated Future Benefit Payments for Pension Plans & Postretirement Medical Plan
Estimated future benefit payments by the funded and unfunded pension plans, and the postretirement medical plan, which reflect expected future service, are as follows (in millions):
2023$108 
2024112 
2025112 
2026159 
2027115 
Years 2028 to 2032616