Note 8 - Stock-based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Notes to Financial Statements

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Text Block]

8. Stock-Based Compensation

We recognize compensation expense for stock-based payment awards made to our employees, consultants and directors. Our active stock-based compensation plans include the 2022 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan (“2022 EICP”). The following table presents our stock-based compensation expense and the related income tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (in millions):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
Stock-based compensation expense, gross	$	22		$	14		$	16
Income tax benefit at our statutory rate associated with stock-based compensation		(6	)		(4	)		(4	)
Stock-based compensation expense, net	$	16		$	10		$	12

Currently, the 2022 EICP provides for the grant of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards, stock appreciation rights, and performance awards to acquire shares of our Class A common stock or common stock, or other awards based on our performance. All shares of common stock and Class A common stock underlying outstanding options (if any), restricted stock units and performance awards are counted as issued under the 2022 EICP for purposes of determining the number of shares available for future issuance.

As of December 31, 2022, we had $16 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to all non-vested stock-based compensation arrangements. This expense is expected to be recognized over a period of 3.2 years.

A summary of activity for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 under our stock based compensation plans is as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2022					2021					2020
				Weighted-					Weighted-					Weighted-
				Average					Average					Average
	Number			Grant Date		Number			Grant Date		Number			Grant Date
	of			Fair Value		of			Fair Value		of			Fair Value
	Shares			Per Share		Shares			Per Share		Shares			Per Share
Restricted stock - common:
Outstanding - beginning of period		1,035,728		$	19.69		917,533		$	16.84		977,547		$	15.45
Granted		400,927			21.68		731,374			19.73		359,481			18.92
Vested		(438,910	)		19.38		(613,179	)		15.48		(333,865	)		15.35
Forfeited		-			-		-			-		(85,630	)		15.53
Outstanding - end of period		997,745		$	20.62		1,035,728		$	19.69		917,533		$	16.84
Restricted stock - Class A common:
Outstanding - beginning of period		720,421		$	18.22		480,042		$	16.10		449,284		$	13.55
Granted		250,448			20.52		488,918			18.66		166,814			19.87
Vested		(293,631	)		17.55		(248,539	)		15.00		(136,056	)		12.32
Outstanding - end of period		677,238		$	19.36		720,421		$	18.22		480,042		$	16.10
Restricted stock units - common:
Outstanding - beginning of period		125,247		$	19.02		90,184		$	18.92		398,000		$	18.21
Granted		259,079			23.87		95,115			19.05		93,184			18.77
Vested		(108,921	)		19.03		(60,052	)		18.92		(374,500	)		18.18
Forfeited		(1,260	)		19.05		-			-		(26,500	)		18.21
Outstanding - end of period		274,145		$	23.60		125,247		$	19.02		90,184		$	18.92