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Inventories
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]  
Inventories Inventories
December 31,20232022
Finished goods$451 $490 
Work-in-process891 748 
Purchased raw materials355 317 
Operating supplies68 54 
Total inventories$1,765 $1,609 
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the portion of inventories valued on a LIFO basis was $446 and $441, respectively. If valued on an average-cost basis, total inventories would have been $236 and $220 higher as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. During 2023 and 2022, reductions in LIFO inventory quantities caused partial liquidations of LIFO inventory layers. These liquidations resulted in the recognition of a benefit of $1 in 2023 and a recognition of expense of less than $1 in 2022. In 2021, we did not have any LIFO inventory layer liquidations.