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Inventories
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]  
Inventories Inventories
December 31,20222021
Finished goods$490 $478 
Work-in-process748 631 
Purchased raw materials317 256 
Operating supplies54 37 
Total inventories$1,609 $1,402 
At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the portion of total inventories valued on a LIFO basis was $441 and $331, respectively. If valued on an average-cost basis, total inventories would have been $220 and $192 higher at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. During 2022 and 2020, reductions in LIFO inventory quantities caused partial liquidations of LIFO inventory layers. These liquidations resulted in the recognition of expense of less than $1 in 2022 and 2020. In 2021, we did not have any LIFO inventory layer liquidations.