Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The following table details the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill:



	Engineered Products and Solutions			Global Rolled Products			Transportation and Construction Solutions			Total
Balances at December 31, 2016
Goodwill	$	4,832		$	241		$	128		$	5,201
Accumulated impairment losses	—			—			(53		)	(53		)
Goodwill, net	4,832			241			75			5,148
Impairment (A)	(719		)	—			—			(719		)
Translation and other	92			11			3			106
Balances at December 31, 2017
Goodwill	4,924			252			131			5,307
Accumulated impairment losses	(719		)	—			(53		)	(772		)
Goodwill, net	4,205			252			78			4,535
Divestitures (T)	(1		)	—			—			(1		)
Translation and other	(25		)	(7		)	(2		)	(34		)
Balances at December 31, 2018
Goodwill	4,898			245			129			5,272
Accumulated impairment losses	(719		)	—			(53		)	(772		)
Goodwill, net	$	4,179		$	245		$	76		$	4,500

In 2017, Arconic recognized an impairment of goodwill in the amount of $719 related to the annual impairment review of the Arconic Forgings and Extrusions business. See Goodwill policy in Note A.

Other intangible assets were as follows:



December 31, 2018	Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization			Intangibles, net
Computer software	$	768	$	(657	)	$	111
Patents and licenses	110		(107		)	3
Other intangibles	922		(149		)	773
Total amortizable intangible assets	1,800		(913		)	887
Indefinite-lived trade names and trademarks	32		—			32
Total other intangible assets	$	1,832	$	(913	)	$	919



December 31, 2017	Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization			Intangibles, net
Computer software	$	789	$	(674	)	$	115
Patents and licenses	110		(107		)	3
Other intangibles	953		(116		)	837
Total amortizable intangible assets	1,852		(897		)	955
Indefinite-lived trade names and trademarks	32		—			32
Total other intangible assets	$	1,884	$	(897	)	$	987

Computer software consists primarily of software costs associated with an enterprise business solution within Arconic to drive common systems among all businesses.

Amortization expense related to the intangible assets in the tables above for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 was $81, $71, and $65, respectively, and is expected to be in the range of approximately $63 to $70 annually from 2019 to 2023.