Restructuring and Other Charges

In the third quarter of 2018, Restructuring and other charges was a net benefit of $2 ($3 after-tax), which included a postretirement curtailment benefit of $28 ($22 after-tax) (see Note G); a charge of $12 ($9 after-tax) for contract termination costs and asset impairments associated with the shutdown of a facility in Acuna, Mexico; a charge of $8 ($6 after-tax) for layoff costs, including the separation of approximately 85 employees (65 in the Engineered Products and Solutions segment and 20 in Corporate); a charge of $4 ($3 after-tax) for a pension settlement; a charge of $3 ($2 after-tax) for other miscellaneous items; and a benefit of $1 ($1 after-tax) for the reversal of a number of small layoff reserves related to prior periods.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2018, Arconic recorded Restructuring and other charges of $20 ($14 after-tax), which included a postretirement curtailment benefit of $28 ($22 after-tax) (see Note G); a charge of $14 ($11 after-tax) for pension curtailments; a charge of $16 ($12 after-tax) for layoff costs, including the separation of approximately 125 employees (89 in the Engineered Products and Solutions segment and 36 in Corporate); a charge of $12 ($9 after-tax) related to the shutdown of a facility in Acuna, Mexico as noted above; a charge of $7 ($5 after-tax) for other miscellaneous items; a charge of $5 ($4 after-tax) for exit costs primarily related to the New York office; a charge of $4 ($3 after-tax) for a pension settlement; and a benefit of $10 ($8 after-tax) for the reversal of a number of small layoff reserves related to prior periods.

In the third quarter of 2017, Arconic recorded Restructuring and other charges of $19 ($13 after-tax), which included a charge of $11 ($8 after-tax) for layoff costs related to cost reduction initiatives including the separation of 124 employees (111 in the Engineered Products and Solutions segment, 12 in Corporate and 1 in the Global Rolled Products segment) and a net charge of $8 ($5 after-tax) for other miscellaneous items.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2017, Arconic recorded Restructuring and other charges of $118 ($99 after-tax), which included a charge of $59 ($40 after-tax) for layoff costs related to cost reduction initiatives including the separation of approximately 800 employees (350 in the Engineered Products and Solutions segment, 243 in the Global Rolled Products segment, 133 in the Transportation and Construction Solutions segment and 74 in Corporate); a charge of $60 ($60 after-tax) related to the sale of the Fusina, Italy rolling mill; a net benefit of $6 ($4 after-tax) for the reversal of forfeited executive stock compensation of $13, partially offset by a charge of $7 for the related severance; a net charge of $7 ($5 after-tax) for other miscellaneous items; and a benefit of $2 ($2 after-tax) for the reversal of a number of small layoff reserves related to prior periods.

As of September 30, 2018, approximately 35 of the 125 employees associated with 2018 restructuring programs and approximately 570 of the 760 employees (previously 830) associated with 2017 restructuring programs (with planned departures in 2018) were separated; all of the separations associated with 2016 restructuring programs were essentially complete. The remaining separations for the 2018 restructuring programs are expected to be completed by mid-2019. All of the remaining separations for the 2017 restructuring programs are expected to be completed by the end of 2018.

For the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018, cash payments of $3 and $6, respectively, were made against layoff reserves related to 2018 restructuring programs, cash payments of $4 and $27, respectively, were made against layoff reserves related to 2017 restructuring programs, and cash payments of $0 and $4, respectively, were made against the layoff reserves related to 2016 restructuring programs.

Activity and reserve balances for restructuring and other charges were as follows:



	Layoff costs			Other exit costs			Total
Reserve balances at December 31, 2016	$	50		$	9		$	59
Cash payments	(59		)	(6		)	(65		)
Restructuring charges	64			1			65
Other⁽¹⁾	1			(2		)	(1		)
Reserve balances at December 31, 2017	56			2			58
Cash payments	(37		)	(1		)	(38		)
Restructuring charges	8			13			21
Other⁽¹⁾	—			—			—
Reserve balances at September 30, 2018	$	27		$	14		$	41

⁽¹⁾

Other includes reversals of previously recorded restructuring charges and credits, and the effects of foreign currency translation. In 2018, Other for layoff costs included the following: a reclassification of a $28 credit in postretirement benefits, as the impact to the liability was reflected in Arconic’s separate liability for postretirement benefits; a reclassification of $18 in pension costs, as this liability was reflected in Arconic’s separate liability for pension benefits; and reversals of $10 for previously recorded layoff charges. In 2017, Other for layoff costs included a reclassification of a stock awards reversal of $13 and reversals of $11 for previously recorded layoff reserves.

The remaining reserves are expected to be paid in cash during 2018, with the exception of approximately $18 to $20, which is expected to be paid over the next several years for lease termination costs and special termination benefit payments.