Income Taxes - Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Tax loss carryforwards and credits	$ 1,570	$ 1,159
Prepaid royalty income	629	576
Capitalized research and development expenditures	421	416
Accrued expenses deductible as paid	255	347
Postretirement benefits and pensions	209	221
Lease liabilities	76	75
Rationalizations and other provisions	34	38
Vacation and sick pay	21	23
Other	133	106
Total gross deferred tax assets	3,348	2,961
Valuation allowance	(1,469)	(982)
Total deferred tax assets	1,879	1,979
Property basis differences	(420)	(467)
Right-of-use assets	(75)	(74)
Tax on undistributed earnings of subsidiaries	(1)	(1)
Total net deferred tax assets	$ 1,383	$ 1,437