ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared by The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company (the “Company,” “Goodyear,” “we,” “us” or “our”) in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission rules and regulations and generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("US GAAP") and in the opinion of management contain all adjustments (including normal recurring adjustments) necessary to fairly state the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. These interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (the “2017 Form 10-K”).

Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected in subsequent quarters or for the year ending December 31, 2018.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted an accounting standards update, and all related amendments, with new guidance on recognizing revenue from contracts with customers. The standards update outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to utilize to recognize revenue when it transfers goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that will be received in exchange for the goods or services. We applied the new guidance to all open contracts at the date of adoption using the modified retrospective method. We recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying the new guidance as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods.

The cumulative effect of the changes made to our January 1, 2018 balance sheet for the adoption of the standards update was as follows:



	Balance at		Adjustment for			Balance at
(In millions)	December 31, 2017		New Standard			January 1, 2018
Accounts Receivable	$	2,025	$	3		$	2,028
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets	224		7			231
Deferred Income Taxes — Asset	2,008		1			2,009
Accounts Payable — Trade	2,807		7			2,814
Other Current Liabilities	1,026		7			1,033
Retained Earnings	6,044		(3		)	6,041

The impact of the adoption of the standards update on our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the nine month period ended September 30, 2018 was an increase of $7 million to Net Sales and an increase of $5 million to Net Income. There was no impact to Net Sales or Net Income for the three month period ended September 30, 2018.

The impact of the adoption of the standards update on our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2018 was as follows:



	As of September 30, 2018
			Balances
(In millions)	As Reported		Without Adoption		Effect of Change
Accounts Receivable	$	2,670	$	2,658	$	12
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets	249		238		11
Deferred Income Taxes — Asset	1,908		1,909		(1		)
Accounts Payable — Trade	2,819		2,810		9
Other Current Liabilities	795		784		11
Retained Earnings	6,525		6,523		2

We do not expect the impact of the adoption of this new standards update to be material to our consolidated financial statements on an ongoing basis.

Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted an accounting standards update intended to improve the financial statement presentation of pension and postretirement benefits cost. The new guidance requires employers that offer defined benefit pension or other postretirement benefit plans to report service cost in the same income statement line as compensation costs and to report non-service related costs separately from service cost outside a sub-total of income from operations, if one is presented. In addition, the new guidance allows only service cost to be capitalized. We applied the new guidance using the retrospective method. In alignment with the new standards update, we reclassified $15 million and $27 million of expense from Cost of Goods Sold ("CGS") and $11 million and $18 million of expense from Selling, Administrative and General Expense (“SAG”), including corporate related costs of $16 million and $22 million, to Other (Income) Expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. The provision of the new standards update that allows only service cost to be capitalized resulted in an additional one-time charge of $9 million which was recorded in Other (Income) Expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

We expect service related costs of approximately $35 million per year, including approximately $5 million per year of corporate related costs, will remain in CGS and SAG. Further, we expect approximately $90 million of non-service related costs, including approximately $15 million of corporate related costs and excluding settlement/curtailment charges, to be classified in Other (Income) Expense during 2018.

Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted an accounting standards update with new guidance on the accounting for the income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory, including the elimination of the prohibition on recognition of current and deferred income taxes on such transfers. As a result of using the modified retrospective adoption approach, $2 million was recorded as a cumulative effect adjustment to increase Retained Earnings, with Deferred Income Taxes increasing by $7 million and Other Assets decreasing by $5 million. We do not expect the impact of the adoption of this new standards update to be material to our consolidated financial statements on an ongoing basis.

Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted an accounting standards update with new guidance to clarify when changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award must be accounted for as a modification. The new guidance requires the application of modification accounting if the value, vesting conditions or classification of the award changes. The adoption of this standards update did not impact our consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an accounting standards update with new guidance requiring a customer in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract to follow existing internal-use software guidance to determine which implementation costs to capitalize as an asset. The standards update is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted, and may be applied retrospectively or as of the beginning of the period of adoption. The adoption of this accounting standards update is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2018, the FASB issued an accounting standards update that allows an optional one-time reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) to Retained Earnings for the stranded tax effects resulting from the new corporate tax rate under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The new guidance requires additional disclosures, regardless of whether the optional reclassification is elected. The standards update is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted, and may be applied retrospectively or as of the beginning of the period of adoption. Goodyear has elected not to adopt this optional reclassification.

In August 2017, the FASB issued an accounting standards update with new guidance intended to reduce complexity in hedge accounting and make hedge results easier to understand. This includes simplifying how hedge results are presented and disclosed in the financial statements, expanding the types of hedge strategies allowed and providing relief around the documentation and assessment requirements. The standards update is effective using a modified retrospective approach, with the presentation and disclosure guidance required prospectively, for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this accounting standards update is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued an accounting standards update with new guidance intended to simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill. The standards update eliminates the requirement for an entity to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill to measure a goodwill impairment charge. Instead, an entity will perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment testing by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and recording an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value. The standards update is effective prospectively for annual and interim goodwill impairment testing performed in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this standards update is not expected to impact our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standards update with new guidance intended to increase transparency and comparability among organizations relating to leases. Lessees will be required to recognize a liability to make lease payments and a right-of-use asset representing the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The FASB retained a dual model for lease classification, requiring leases to be classified as finance or operating leases to determine recognition in the statements of operations and cash flows; however, substantially all leases will be required to be recognized on the balance sheet. The standards update will also require quantitative and qualitative disclosures regarding key information about leasing arrangements. The standards update is effective using a modified retrospective approach for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. As originally issued, the standards update requires application at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented at the time of adoption. In July 2018, the FASB issued new guidance allowing entities the option to instead apply the provisions of the new leases guidance at the effective date, without adjusting the comparative periods presented. We plan to elect this optional transition method. The standard also provides for certain practical expedients. We have completed aggregating our worldwide lease contracts, are currently in the process of evaluating those lease contracts and are implementing a new lease accounting system to support the accounting and disclosure requirements of this standards update. The adoption of this standards update will have a material impact on our financial statements as we have significant operating lease commitments that are off-balance sheet in accordance with current US GAAP.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all legal entities in which we hold a controlling financial interest. A controlling financial interest generally arises from our ownership of a majority of the voting shares of our subsidiaries. We would also hold a controlling financial interest in variable interest entities if we are considered to be the primary beneficiary. Investments in companies in which we do not own a majority interest and we have the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies are accounted for using the equity method. Investments in other companies are carried at cost. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Restricted Cash

The following table provides a reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash as reported within the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:



	September 30,
(In millions)	2018		2017
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	896	$	822
Restricted Cash	66		46
Total Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash	$	962	$	868

Restricted Cash, which is included in Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, primarily represents amounts required to be set aside in connection with accounts receivable factoring programs. The restrictions lapse when cash from factored accounts receivable is remitted to the purchaser of those receivables.

Reclassifications and Adjustments

Certain items previously reported in specific financial statement captions have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.