Goodwill and Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

The following table presents the net carrying amount of goodwill allocated by reporting unit, and changes during 2015:



(In millions)	Balance at December 31, 2014		Acquisitions		Divestitures			Translation			Balance at December 31, 2015
North America	$	93	$	—	$	(2	)	$	—		$	91
Europe, Middle East and Africa	448		—		(2		)	(45		)	401
Asia Pacific	60		6		—			(3		)	63
	$	601	$	6	$	(4	)	$	(48	)	$	555

The following table presents the net carrying amount of goodwill allocated by reporting unit, and changes during 2014:



(In millions)	Balance at December 31, 2013		Acquisitions		Divestitures		Translation			Balance at December 31, 2014
North America	$	93	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	93
Europe, Middle East and Africa	511		—		—		(63		)	448
Asia Pacific	64		—		—		(4		)	60
	$	668	$	—	$	—	$	(67	)	$	601

The following table presents information about intangible assets:



	2015							2014
(In millions)	Gross Carrying Amount ⁽¹⁾		Accumulated Amortization⁽¹⁾			Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount⁽¹⁾		Accumulated Amortization⁽¹⁾			Net Carrying Amount
Intangible assets with indefinite lives	$	128	$	(6	)	$	122	$	127	$	(6	)	$	121
Trademarks and patents	12		(8		)	4		15		(10		)	5
Other intangible assets	21		(9		)	12		21		(9		)	12
	$	161	$	(23	)	$	138	$	163	$	(25	)	$	138


(1)	Includes impact of foreign currency translation.

Intangible assets primarily comprise the rights to use the Dunlop brand name and related trademarks and certain other brand names and trademarks.

Amortization expense for intangible assets totaled $1 million, $2 million and $3 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. We estimate that annual amortization expense related to intangible assets will be approximately $1 million in 2016 through 2020, and the weighted average remaining amortization period is approximately 29 years.

Our annual impairment analyses for 2015, 2014 and 2013 indicated no impairment of goodwill or intangible assets with indefinite lives. In addition, there were no events or circumstances that indicated the impairment tests should be re-performed for goodwill or for intangible assets with indefinite lives for any segment at December 31, 2015.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the aggregate amount of goodwill and a description of intangible assets, which may include (a) for amortizable intangible assets (also referred to as finite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, the amount of any significant residual value, and the weighted-average amortization period, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization (also referred to as indefinite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, and (c) the amount of research and development assets acquired and written off in the period, including the line item in the income statement in which the amounts written off are aggregated, if not readily apparent from the income statement. Also discloses (a) for amortizable intangibles assets in total and by major class, the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization, the total amortization expense for the period, and the estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization the carrying amount in total and by major class, and (c) for goodwill, in total and for each reportable segment, the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the period (including the aggregate amount of goodwill acquired, the aggregate amount of impairment losses recognized, and the amount of goodwill included in the gain (loss) on disposal of a reporting unit). If any part of goodwill has not been allocated to a reportable segment, discloses the unallocated amount and the reasons for not allocating. For each impairment loss recognized related to an intangible asset (excluding goodwill), discloses: (a) a description of the impaired intangible asset and the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method for determining fair value, (c) the caption in the income statement or the statement of activities in which the impairment loss is aggregated, and (d) the segment in which the impaired intangible asset is reported. For each goodwill impairment loss recognized, discloses: (a) a description of the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method of determining the fair value of the associated reporting unit, and (c) if a recognized impairment loss is an estimate not finalized and the reasons why the estimate is not final. May also disclose the nature and amount of any significant adjustments made to a previous estimate of an impairment loss.

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