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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2015
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
INCOME TAXES
INCOME TAXES
For the three months ended March 31, 2015, we recorded tax expense of $123 million on income before income taxes of $359 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2014, we recorded tax expense of $8 million on a loss before income taxes of $30 million. Income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2015 was unfavorably impacted by $4 million of discrete tax adjustments, primarily related to prior tax years, resulting from an audit in EMEA. The increase in income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to 2014 was primarily due to recording tax expense on our U.S. income as a result of the reversal of the valuation allowance on our U.S. deferred tax assets in the fourth quarter of 2014.
We record taxes based on overall estimated annual effective tax rates. In 2014, the difference between our effective tax rate and the U.S. statutory rate was primarily attributable to maintaining a full valuation allowance on certain deferred tax assets, including those in the U.S., and charges that were not deductible for tax purposes related to the devaluation of the bolivar fuerte in Venezuela.
Our losses in various foreign taxing jurisdictions in recent periods represented sufficient negative evidence to require us to maintain a full valuation allowance against certain of our net deferred tax assets. However, it is reasonably possible that sufficient positive evidence required to release all, or a portion, of certain valuation allowances will exist within the next twelve months. This may result in a reduction of the valuation allowance by up to $80 million.
At January 1, 2015, we had unrecognized tax benefits of $81 million that if recognized, would have a favorable impact on our tax expense of $65 million. We had accrued interest of $15 million as of January 1, 2015. If not favorably settled, $26 million of the unrecognized tax benefits and all of the accrued interest would require the use of our cash. It is reasonably possible that $15 million of our unrecognized tax benefits and $5 million our accrued interest will be paid or favorably settled during the next 12 months. We do not expect these changes to have a significant impact on our financial position or results of operations.
Generally, years from 2009 onward are still open to examination by foreign taxing authorities. We are open to examination in Germany from 2006 onward and in the United States for 2014.