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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2013
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
INCOME TAXES
INCOME TAXES
In the second quarter of 2013, we recorded tax expense of $63 million on income before income taxes of $256 million. Income tax expense in the second quarter of 2013 was unfavorably impacted by a $5 million adjustment related to prior years and a $3 million settlement of a foreign tax audit. For the first six months of 2013, we recorded tax expense of $82 million on income before income taxes of $306 million. Income tax expense for the first six months of 2013 was favorably impacted by $4 million due primarily to recently enacted law changes. In the second quarter of 2012, we recorded tax expense of $63 million on income before income taxes of $166 million. Income tax expense in the second quarter of 2012 was unfavorably impacted by $3 million due to various discrete items. For the first six months of 2012, we recorded tax expense of $111 million on income before income taxes of $222 million. Income tax expense for the first six months 2012 was unfavorably impacted by $6 million due primarily to the settlement of prior tax years.
We record taxes based on overall estimated annual effective tax rates. In addition to the discrete items noted above, the difference between our effective tax rate and the U.S. statutory rate was primarily attributable to continuing to maintain a full valuation allowance against our net Federal, State and certain foreign jurisdictions' deferred tax assets.
At January 1, 2013, we had unrecognized tax benefits of $82 million that if recognized, would have a favorable impact on our tax expense of $70 million. We had accrued interest of $20 million as of January 1, 2013. If not favorably settled, $24 million of the unrecognized tax benefits and all of the accrued interest would require the use of our cash. It is reasonably possible that our total amount of unrecognized tax benefits may change during the next 12 months. However, we do not expect these changes to have a significant impact on our financial position or results of operations.
Generally, years from 2007 onward are still open to examination by foreign taxing authorities. We are open to examination in Germany from 2006 onward and in the United States for 2012.