SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Business: Industrial Services of America, Inc. (a Florida corporation) and its subsidiaries ("ISA" or the "Company") purchases and sells ferrous and nonferrous materials at its four Kentucky and Indiana locations. Additionally, ISA operates its Pick.Pull.Save used automobile parts yard. All of these activities operate under the Company's Recycling Segment. During 2015, ISA sold substantially all of its Waste Services Segment assets. See Note 15 - Discontinued Operations for further information. Accordingly, as of December 4, 2015, the Company's operations are solely in the Recycling Segment. Through the Waste Services Segment ("Waste Services" - see Segment information at Note 11), ISA provided products and services to meet the waste management needs of its customers related to ferrous, non-ferrous and corrugated scrap recycling, management services and waste equipment sales and rental. This segment maintained contracts with retail, commercial and industrial businesses to handle their waste disposal needs, primarily by subcontracting with commercial waste hauling and disposal companies. Each of our segments billed separately for its products or services. Generally, services and products were not bundled for sale to individual customers. The products or services had value to the customer on a standalone basis.

Discontinued Operations: Prior year financial statements have been recast to reflect the sale of the Company’s Waste Services Segment assets in the fourth quarter of 2015 in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification 205-20-55 within discontinued operations. Results of discontinued operations are excluded from the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for all periods presented, unless otherwise noted. See Note 15 - Discontinued Operations.

The Company's Response to 2015 Commodity Markets and Liquidity Conditions: During 2015, our average selling price decreased by 49.4% and 24.9% for ferrous and nonferrous material, respectively, compared to 2014. Due to these deteriorating metal commodity market conditions during 2015, ISA took significant steps to improve liquidity and pay down debt. These steps are described below.

On February 27, 2015, the Company closed on the sale of its Seymour, Indiana property. During 2014, ISA made the decision to move its Seymour, Indiana facility from a company-owned property to a leased property. In conjunction with this decision, the Company signed an agreement to sell its Seymour facility in 2014. This property was classified as property available for sale on the December 31, 2014 consolidated balance sheet in the amount of $398.0 thousand and was held within the Recycling Segment. Also, in conjunction with this decision, the Company signed a lease, effective December 1, 2014, to lease a facility in the Seymour area. See Note 4 - Lease Commitments for further lease information and Note 10 - Related Party Transactions for further related party details. Proceeds were used to reduce debt and improve liquidity.

On April 30, 2015, LK Property Investments, LLC ("LK Property"), an entity principally owned by Daniel M. Rifkin, CEO of MetalX LLC ("MetalX"), (a related party) a scrap metal recycling company headquartered in Waterloo, Indiana, and the principal owner of Recycling Capital Partners, LLC ("RCP") (a related party) purchased a 4.4 acre parcel of real estate located at 6709 Grade Lane, Louisville, KY from ISA Real Estate LLC., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company for a purchase price of $1.0 million. The Company realized a loss of $102.0 thousand from this sale. Also on April 30, 2015, the Company entered into a lease agreement with LK Property for a portion of the 4.4 acre parcel. See Note 4 - Lease Commitments for further lease details. Proceeds were used to reduce debt and improve liquidity.

On May 13, 2015, the Company announced the warm idle of the Company’s auto shredder. This action was in response to market conditions, primarily related to ferrous price volatility and lower ferrous volumes. Management will continue to monitor and analyze market conditions and to review the Company’s long-term options for its shredder and related downstream processing operation. The costs of idling were recognized in the 2015 financial statements. As a result of the continued operating losses from the shredder operations, management reviewed the carrying cost of the shredder, including the downstream processing system. The Company recognized an asset impairment charge of approximately $636.6 thousand related to the shredder’s downstream processing system. This charge is recorded in 2015 as an impairment charge on property and equipment within the cost of goods section in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations. As of the date of this report, the shredder remains idled. The Company continues to depreciate the assets associated with the shredder. Working capital, which would otherwise have been utilized in operating the shredder, was used to reduce debt and improve liquidity.

On May 18, 2015, ISA Real Estate LLC agreed to sell to SG&D Ventures, LLC, an entity owned by shareholders of Algar, Inc. ("Algar"), including Sean Garber, the Company’s Vice Chairman of the Board and President, and the President of Algar, approximately 1-acre parcel of non-essential real estate, located at 7017 Grade Lane, Louisville, KY, for an aggregate purchase price equal to independent third-party appraisal amount of $350.0 thousand. The purchase consideration consisted of $300.0 thousand in cash from the purchaser and a credit of $50.0 thousand against bonus compensation previously accrued but not paid to Algar as described in Note 10 - Related Party Transactions. This transaction closed on May 19, 2015. The gain on sale of this asset was $1.1 thousand. Proceeds were used to reduce debt and improve liquidity.

On November 6, 2015, the Company entered into a Forbearance Agreement and Third Amendment to Credit Agreement (the “Forbearance Agreement”) by and among the Company, certain of the Company’s subsidiaries, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association ("Wells Fargo"). The Forbearance Agreement amended the Credit Agreement to reduce the Maximum Revolver Amount from $15 million to $5 million. The Forbearance Agreement also amended the Credit Agreement Maturity Date to March 15, 2016 from June 13, 2019. The Forbearance Agreement increased the interest rate on the outstanding indebtedness by approximately 100 basis points.

Pursuant to the terms of the Forbearance Agreement, Wells Fargo agreed that it would forbear, until the Forbearance Termination Date (as defined below), from exercising certain rights and remedies with respect to or arising out of the existence and continuation of certain stipulated events of default under the Credit Agreement between the loan parties and Wells Fargo (as amended by the First Amendment to Credit Agreement dated January 15, 2015, the Second Amendment to Credit Agreement dated January 22, 2015, and the Forbearance Agreement, the “Credit Agreement”).

Under the Forbearance Agreement, the Forbearance Termination Date was the earlier to occur of (i) Wells Fargo’s election following the failure of the Loan Parties to satisfy any of the Forbearance Conditions, and (ii) March 15, 2016.

On December 4, 2015, the Company and WESSCO, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of ISA ("WESSCO"), entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the "Asset Purchase Agreement") with Compactor Rentals of America, LLC ("Compactor Rentals") pursuant to which the Company sold its “Waste Services Segment,” consisting of substantially all of the assets used in (i) the Company’s commercial, retail and industrial waste and recycling management services business which the Company operated under the name “Computerized Waste Systems” or “CWS,” and (ii) the Company’s equipment sales, rental and maintenance business for the commercial and industrial waste and recycling industry which the Company operated under the name “Waste Equipment Sales and Service Company".

The Company received cash consideration at closing of $7.5 million, less $150,000 retained by Compactor Rentals, which will be released to the Company or retained by Compactor Rentals in connection with any working capital adjustment. Compactor Rentals assumed certain liabilities relating to the Waste Services Segment, including but not limited to, current liabilities, warranty liabilities, and post-closing liabilities incurred in connection with transferred contracts.

The sale included substantially all of the assets of the Waste Services Segment including, but not limited to, current assets, accounts receivable, tangible personal property, certain leases, inventory, intellectual property, rights under transferred contracts, rights of action and all associated goodwill and other intangible assets associated with the transferred assets.

The Asset Purchase Agreement contains a restrictive covenant under which the Company is prohibited from competing with the Waste Services Segment for five years following the closing.

In connection with the closing of the transaction, the Company entered into a transition services agreement with Compactor Rentals, pursuant to which the Company will provide certain services to Compactor Rentals for up to six months following the closing.

See Note 15 - Discontinued Operations related to the sale of the Waste Services Segment.

The Company used the proceeds from the transaction to pay transaction expenses, to repay in full the Company’s outstanding indebtedness with Bank of Kentucky, Inc., ("KY Bank") and to repay in full ISA’s term loan from Wells Fargo. The Company also used the proceeds to pay all outstanding amounts on ISA’s $5.0 million revolving line of credit with Wells Fargo which remained available following the closing. As of December 31, 2015, the revolving line of credit had an amount outstanding of approximately $19.7 thousand.

On February 29, 2016, the Company entered into a Loan Agreement (the "2016 Loan") with MidCap Business Credit, LLC ("MidCap"). The 2016 Loan is secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company. Proceeds from this loan were used to pay transaction expenses and to pay off and close the remaining balance on the Wells Fargo revolving line of credit. See Note 3 - Long Term Debt and Notes Payable to Bank for further details. Following the MidCap transaction, the Company believes its liquidity is sufficient to meet projected needs for at least one year.

Revenue Recognition: ISA records revenue for its recycling operations upon delivery of the related materials. Revenue for the equipment sales divisions was recorded upon delivery of the equipment to the customer. The Company provided installation and training on all equipment and it charged these costs to the customer, recording revenue in the period the service was provided. The Company was the middleman in the sale of the equipment and not a manufacturer. Any warranty was the responsibility of the manufacturer and therefore no estimates were made for warranty obligations. Allowances for equipment returns were made on a case-by-case basis. Historically, returns of equipment were not material.

Our management services group provides our customers with evaluation, management, monitoring, auditing and cost reduction consulting of our customers’ non-hazardous solid waste removal activities. The Company recognizes revenue related to the management aspects of these services when it delivers the services. The Company records revenue related to this activity on a gross basis because the Company is ultimately responsible for service delivery, has discretion over the selection of the specific service provided and the amounts to be charged, and is directly obligated to the subcontractor for the services provided. ISA is an independent contractor. If the Company discovers that third party service providers have not performed, either by auditing of the service provider invoices or communications from our customers, then the service delivery dispute is resolved directly with the third party service supplier. Revenue from equipment rental is recognized monthly as earned. See Note 15 - Discontinued Operations for further details.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments: The Company estimates the fair value of our financial instruments using relevant market information and other assumptions. Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment regarding interest rates, prepayments and other factors. Changes in assumptions or market conditions could significantly affect these estimates. As of December 31, 2015, the estimated fair value of our debt instruments approximated book value. The fair value of our debt approximates its carrying value because the majority of our debt bears a floating rate of interest based on the LIBOR rate. There is no readily available market by which to determine fair value of our fixed term debt; however, based on existing interest rates and prevailing rates as of each year end, the Company has determined that the fair value of our fixed rate debt approximates book value.

The Company carries certain of its financial assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis. These financial assets and liabilities are composed of cash and cash equivalents and derivative instruments. Long-term debt is carried at cost, and the fair value is disclosed herein. In addition, the Company measures certain assets, such as long-lived assets, at fair value on a non-recurring basis to evaluate those assets for potential impairment. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

In accordance with applicable accounting standards, the Company categorizes its financial assets and liabilities into the following fair value hierarchy:

Level 1 – Financial assets and liabilities with values based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in an active market. Examples of Level 1 financial instruments include active exchange-traded securities.

Level 2 – Financial assets and liabilities with values based on quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. Examples of Level 2 financial instruments include various types of interest-rate and commodity-based derivative instruments, and various types of fixed-income investment securities. Pricing models are utilized to estimate fair value for certain financial assets and liabilities categorized in Level 2.

Level 3 – Financial assets and liabilities with values based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable in the market and significant to the overall fair value measurement. These inputs reflect management’s judgment about the assumptions that a market participant would use in pricing the asset or liability, and are based on the best available information, some of which is internally developed.

When determining the fair value measurements for financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and consider assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. When possible, ISA looks to active and observable markets to price identical assets or liabilities. When identical assets and liabilities are not traded in active markets, the Company looks to market observable data for similar assets and liabilities. Nevertheless, certain assets and liabilities are not actively traded in observable markets, and uses alternative valuation techniques to derive fair value measurements.

The Company uses the fair value methodology outlined in the related accounting standards to value the assets and liabilities for cash, debt and derivatives. All of our cash is defined as Level 1 and all our debt and derivative contracts are defined as Level 2.

In accordance with this guidance, the following tables represent our fair value hierarchy for Level 1 and Level 2 financial instruments, in thousands, at December 31, 2015 and 2014:



	Fair Value at Reporting Date Using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs			Significant Unobservable Inputs
2015:	Level 1		Level 2			Level 3		Total
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	642	$	—		$	—	$	642
Liabilities
Long term debt	$	—	$	(20	)	$	—	$	(20	)



	Fair Value at Reporting Date Using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs			Significant Unobservable Inputs
2014:	Level 1		Level 2			Level 3		Total
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,059	$	—		$	—	$	1,059
Liabilities
Long term debt	$	—	$	(15,911	)	$	—	$	(15,911	)
Derivative contract - interest rate swap	—		(10		)	—		(10		)

We have had no transfers in or out of Levels 1 or 2 fair value measurements. We have had no activity in Level 3 fair value measurements for the years ended December 31, 2015 or 2014.

Estimates: In preparing the consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("GAAP"), management must make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the amounts reported for assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, as well as affecting the disclosures provided. Examples of estimates include the allowance for doubtful accounts, estimates of realizability of deferred income tax assets and liabilities, estimates of inventory balances and values, and estimates of stock option and warrant values. The Company also uses estimates when assessing fair values of assets and liabilities acquired in business acquisitions as well as any fair value and any related impairment charges related to the carrying value of inventory and machinery and equipment, and other long-lived assets. Despite the Company’s intention to establish accurate estimates and use reasonable assumptions, actual results may differ from these estimates.

Principles of Consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Upon consolidation, all inter-company accounts, transactions and profits have been eliminated.

Reclassifications: We have reclassified certain items within the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the prior years and prior quarters in order to be comparable with the current presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on previously reported net loss or shareholders' equity.

Cash and Cash Equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents includes cash in banks with original maturities of three months or less. Cash and cash equivalents are stated at cost which approximates fair value, which in the opinion of management, are subject to an insignificant risk of loss in value. The Company maintains cash balances in excess of federally insured limits.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts: Accounts receivable consists primarily of amounts due from customers from product and brokered sales. The allowance for doubtful accounts totaled $35.0 thousand and $100.0 thousand at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Our determination of the allowance for doubtful accounts includes a number of factors, including the age of the balance, estimated settlement adjustments, past experience with the customer account, changes in collection patterns and general economic and industry conditions. Interest is not normally charged on receivables nor do we normally require collateral for receivables. Potential credit losses from our significant customers could adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition. While we believe our allowance for doubtful accounts is adequate, changes in economic conditions or any weakness in the steel and metals industry could adversely impact our future earnings. In general, we consider accounts receivable past due which are 30 to 60 days after the invoice date. We charge off losses to the allowance when we deem further collection efforts will not provide additional recoveries.

Major Customer: In 2014, the Company had sales to two major customers that totaled approximately 34.3% of its net sales for the year ended December 31, 2014. The accounts receivable balance related to these two major customers was $1.0 million as of December 31, 2014.

These customers were part of the stainless steel blending and shredder operations of our business. As a result of the Company's decision in the fourth quarter of 2013 to cease the activity in the stainless steel blending line of business, and due to the May 2015 warm idle of the shredder, the sales and accounts receivable balances for these two previously major customers were de minimis in 2015. Additionally, there were no customers as of December 31, 2015 with sales and accounts receivable that were greater than 10% of consolidated amounts.

Inventories: Our inventories primarily consist of ferrous and non-ferrous scrap metals, including stainless steel, and are valued at the lower of average purchased cost or market based on the specific scrap commodity. Quantities of inventories are determined based on our inventory systems and are subject to periodic physical verification using estimation techniques including observation, weighing and other common industry methods. We recognize inventory impairment when the market value, based upon current market pricing, falls below recorded value or when the estimated volume (quantity) is less than the recorded volume of inventory. We record the loss in cost of sales in the period during which we identify a loss.

We make certain assumptions regarding future demand and net realizable value in order to assess whether inventory is properly recorded at the lower of cost or market. We base our assumptions on historical experience, current market conditions and current replacement costs. If the anticipated future selling prices of scrap metal and finished steel products should decline, we would re-assess the recorded net realizable value ("NRV") of our inventory and make any adjustments we feel necessary in order to reduce the value of our inventory (and increase cost of sales) to the lower of cost or market.

Management spent much of 2014 and early 2015 working to assess the Company's automobile shredder residue ("ASR") process. Significant process and strategy changes associated with the ASR process were made. These changes, combined with the significant metals market reduction in market demand and prices experienced in late 2014 and through 2015, caused management to perform a lower of cost-or-market assessment which resulted in inventory write-downs of approximately $1.3 million and $1.9 million for the years of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Some commodities are in saleable condition at acquisition. We purchase these commodities in small amounts until we have a truckload of material available for shipment. Some commodities are not in saleable condition at acquisition. These commodities must be torched, shredded or baled. We do not have work-in-process inventory that needs to be manufactured to become finished goods. We include processing costs in inventory for all commodities by weight.

Inventories as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 consist of the following:



	December 31, 2015
	Raw Materials		Finished Goods		Processing Costs		Total
	(in thousands)
Ferrous and non-ferrous materials	$	1,354	$	649	$	404	$	2,407
Other	—		3		—		3
Total inventories	$	1,354	$	652	$	404	$	2,410



	December 31, 2014
	Raw Materials		Finished Goods		Processing Costs		Total
	(in thousands)
Ferrous and non-ferrous materials	$	3,827	$	1,043	$	477	$	5,347
Other	—		11		—		11
Total inventories for sale	3,827		1,054		477		5,358
Replacement parts	1,371		—		—		1,371
Total inventories	$	5,198	$	1,054	$	477	$	6,729

For the year ended December 31, 2014, replacement parts included in inventory were depreciated over a one-year life when placed in service and were used by the Company within the one-year period as these parts wear out quickly due to the high-volume and intensity of the shredder function. As of December 31, 2015, due to the idling of the shredder, the Company has reclassified the replacement parts inventory to long term property and equipment. Other inventory includes fuel and baling wire.

Property and Equipment: Property and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related property.

Property and equipment, in thousands, as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 consist of the following:



	Life	2015		2014
Land		$	4,993	$	5,745
Equipment and vehicles	1-10 years	25,363		25,181
Office equipment	1-7 years	1,624		2,057
Building and leasehold improvements	5-40 years	7,821		8,602
		$	39,801	$	41,585
Less accumulated depreciation		25,649		24,022
		$	14,152	$	17,563

Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 was $2.4 million and $2.7 million, respectively. Of the $2.4 million of depreciation expense recognized in 2015, $2.2 million was recorded in cost of sales, and $0.2 million was recorded in general and administrative expense. Of the $2.7 million of depreciation expense recognized in 2014, $2.4 million was recorded in cost of sales, and $0.3 million was recorded in general and administrative expense.

Certain Banking Expenses: The Company has included certain banking expenses relating to our loans and loan restructuring within interest expense. The loan fees amortization totaled $242.4 thousand and $72.9 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. On November 6, 2015, the Company and Wells Fargo entered into a forbearance agreement that changed the maturity date of the debt related to these certain banking expenses to March 15, 2016. Additionally, on December 4, 2015 the Company paid in full a portion of the Wells Fargo debt related to these certain banking expenses. The Company adjusted the amortization period in 2015 for these certain banking expenses accordingly.

Shipping and Handling Fees and Costs: Shipping and handling charges incurred by the Company are included in cost of sales and shipping charges billed to the customer are included in revenues in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Advertising Expense: Advertising costs are charged to expense in the period the costs are incurred. Advertising expense was $2.4 thousand and $0.5 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Derivative and Hedging Activities: The Company is exposed to market risk stemming from changes in metal commodity prices, and interest rates. In the normal course of business, the Company actively manages its exposure to interest rate risks by entering into various hedging transactions, authorized under established policies that place clear controls on these activities. Derivative financial instruments currently used by us consist of interest rate swap contracts. Derivative financial instruments are accounted for under the provisions of the FASB's authoritative guidance titled “ASC 815 - Derivatives and Hedging.” Under these standards, derivatives are carried on the balance sheet at fair value. Our interest rate swaps are designated as a cash flow hedge, and the effective portions of changes in the fair value of the derivatives are recorded as a component of other comprehensive income or loss and are recognized in the statement of operations when the hedged item affects earnings. Ineffective portions of changes in the fair value of cash flow hedges are recognized in gain or loss on derivative liabilities. Cash flows related to derivatives are included in operating activities.

The Company does not enter into any interest rate swap derivative instruments for trading purposes. The Company recognizes as an adjustment to interest expense the differential paid or received on interest rate swaps. The change in the fair value of the interest rate swap, which is established as an effective hedge, is included in other comprehensive income. The Company includes the required disclosures for interest rate swaps in Note 3 – Long Term Debt and Notes Payable to Bank.

During 2015 and 2014, we did not use derivative instruments in the form of commodity hedges to assist in managing our commodity price risk. We do not enter into any commodity hedges for trading purposes. As of December 31, 2015, we do not have any interest rate swap instruments.

Income Taxes: Deferred income taxes are recorded to recognize the tax consequences on future years of differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes, referred to as “temporary differences,” and for net operating loss carry-forwards subject to an ongoing assessment of realizability. Deferred income taxes are measured by applying current tax laws. The Company uses the deferral method of accounting for available state tax credits relating to the purchase of the shredder equipment.

The FASB has issued guidance, included in the ASC, related to the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in financial statements. The Company recognizes uncertain income tax positions using the "more-likely-than-not" approach as defined in the ASC. The amount recognized is subject to estimate and management’s judgment with respect to the most likely outcome for each uncertain tax position. The amount that is ultimately sustained for an individual uncertain tax position or for all uncertain tax positions in the aggregate could differ from the amount recognized. The Company has no liability for uncertain tax positions recognized as of December 31, 2015 and 2014.

As a policy, the Company recognizes interest accrued related to unrecognized tax positions in interest expense and penalties in operating expenses. The tax years 2012 through 2015 remain open to examination by the Internal Revenue Service and certain state taxing jurisdictions to which the Company is subject. See also Note 7 - Income Taxes for additional information relating to income taxes.

Earnings (Loss) Per Share: Basic earnings (loss) per share are computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings (loss) per share are computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus the dilutive effect of stock options and warrants.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss): Comprehensive income (loss) is net income (loss) plus certain other items that are recorded directly to shareholders’ equity. Amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive loss for our derivative instruments are not recorded net of tax in 2014 due to the valuation allowance recorded. There are no amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive loss for derivative instruments in 2015. See Note 7 - Income Taxes for additional information relating to the valuation allowance.

Statement of Cash Flows: The statements of cash flows have been prepared using a definition of cash that includes deposits with original maturities of three months or less.

Stock Option Arrangements: The Company has a Long Term Incentive Plan adopted in 2009 ("LTIP") under which it may grant equity awards for up to 2.4 million shares of common stock, which are reserved by the Board of Directors for issuance of equity awards. The Company provides compensation benefits by granting stock options to employees and directors. The exercise price of each option is equal to the market price of our stock on the date of grant. The maximum term of the option is five years. The plan is accounted for based on FASB’s authoritative guidance titled "ASC 718 - Compensation - Stock Compensation." The Company recognizes share-based compensation expense for the fair value of the awards, on the date granted on a straight-line basis over their vesting term. Compensation expense is recognized only for share-based payments expected to vest. The Company estimates forfeitures at the date of grant based on our historical experience and future expectations. Subject to shareholder approval and restrictions on exercisability set forth in a Stock Option Agreement entered into on December 2, 2013 between the Company and Algar (the “Stock Option Agreement”), the Company granted Algar an option to purchase a total of 1.5 million shares (in four tranches) of Company common stock (the "Algar Options") at an exercise price per share of $5.00. The Algar Options were not issued under the LTIP. The Company's shareholders approved the Algar Options on October 15, 2014.

The Company uses the Modified Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model to value the Company's stock options for each employee stock option award. The Company uses the Lattice-Based model to value the Company's stock options for the Algar Options due to market and performance conditions. See Note 12 - Share Based Compensation. Using these option pricing models, the fair value of each employee stock option award is estimated on the date of grant. Additionally, the fair value of the Algar Options is estimated at the end of each quarter for two of the tranches due to ongoing performance conditions. For the first two tranches, the performance conditions were met.

There are two significant inputs into the stock option pricing models: expected volatility and expected term. The Company estimates expected volatility based on traded option volatility of the Company's stock over a term equal to the expected term of the option granted. The expected term of stock option awards granted is derived from historical exercise experience under the Company's stock option plans and represents the period of time that stock option awards granted are expected to be outstanding.

The expected term assumption incorporates the contractual term of an option grant, as well as the vesting period of an award. The risk-free interest rate is based on the implied yield on a U.S. Treasury constant maturity with a remaining term equal to the expected term of the option granted. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of stock-based payment awards represent management's best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management's judgment. As a result, if factors change and different assumptions are used, stock-based compensation expense could be materially different in the future. In addition, the Company is required to estimate the expected forfeiture rate, and only recognize expense for those shares expected to vest. If our actual forfeiture rate is materially different from its estimate, the stock-based compensation expense could be significantly different from what was recorded in the current period.

Treasury shares or new shares are issued for exercised options. The Company does not expect to repurchase any additional shares within the following annual period to accommodate the exercise of outstanding stock options.

Under the LTIP, the Company may grant any of these types of awards: non-qualified and incentive stock options; stock appreciation rights; and other stock awards including stock units, restricted stock units, performance shares, performance units and restricted stock. The performance goals that the Company may use for such awards will be based on any one or more of the following performance measures: cash flow; earnings; earnings per share; market value added or economic value added; profits; return on assets; return on equity; return on investment; revenues; stock price; or total shareholder return.

The LTIP is administered by a committee selected by the Board, initially our Compensation Committee, and consisting of two or more outside members of the Board. The Committee may grant one or more awards to our employees, including our officers, our directors and consultants, and will determine the specific employees who will receive awards under the plan and the type and amount of any such awards. A participant who receives shares of stock awarded under the plan must hold those shares for six months before the participant may dispose of such shares.

For determining the grant date fair value of performance-based stock awards granted under the LTIP, the Company has assumed that the performance targets for awards granted in a specific year will be achieved, and the Company has assumed that performance targets for future years will not be achieved. Based on these assumptions, the Company uses the closing per share stock price on the date the contract is signed to calculate award values for recording purposes. These calculated amounts reflect the aggregate grant date fair value of the stock awards computed in accordance with ASC Topic 718.

Subsequent Events: The Company has evaluated the period from December 31, 2015 through the date the financial statements herein were issued, for subsequent events requiring recognition or disclosure in the financial statements and the following events were identified:

On February 29, 2016, the Company entered into a Loan Agreement with MidCap as more fully described above and in Note 3 - Long Term Debt and Notes Payable to Bank.

On February 29, 2016, the Company entered into an unsecured term note with K&R, LLC in the amount of $620.3 thousand and an unsecured term note with 7100 Grade Lane, LLC, in the amount of $883.8 thousand, both of which are related parties. Each term note has an interest rate of 5.00% and a maturity date of December 31, 2020. These notes replace amounts owed to K&R, LLC and 7100 Grade Lane, LLC of the same amounts. As of December 31, 2015, these amounts were shown as current related party liabilities. See Note 10 - Related Party Transactions for additional information.

On March 21, 2016, the Company paid Algar $171.0 thousand, which represented amounts owed to Algar for accounts payable and bonus payable. Subsequent to this payment, the remaining amount owed to Algar was $46.0 thousand solely related to bonus payable. Additionally, on March 21, 2016, Algar paid the Company $146.0 thousand, which represented all amounts owed to the Company through March 21, 2016. The Company's amounts due to and due from Algar as of December 31, 2015 are further discussed in Note 10 - Related Party Transactions.

On March 25, 2016, our Compensation Committee granted 32.0 thousand restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to Todd L. Phillips, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer (the “CFO”), under the Industrial Services of America, Inc. 2009 Long Term Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) pursuant to a Restricted Stock Unit Grant Agreement (the “RSU Agreement”). Each RSU vests on March 31, 2016 and represents the right to receive one share of the Company’s common stock upon the vesting of the RSU, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the RSU Agreement and the Plan. The RSUs were granted to the CFO in lieu of other compensation and as partial payment of the CFO’s bonus related to certain milestone accomplishments during 2015 and early 2016.

Further, on March 25, 2016, the Company entered into a Retention Agreement with the CFO whereby the CFO will receive a cash retention bonus of $100.0 thousand if he remains employed with the Company as of December 31, 2016, and a cash retention bonus of $125.0 thousand if he remains employed with the Company as of December 31, 2017, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Retention Agreement.

Additionally, the Company plans to submit a proposal to the shareholders to approve a one-time stock option exchange for the CFO as an alternative to a direct repricing of options previously granted to the CFO. The stock option exchange, if approved by the shareholders, would allow the Company to cancel 170.0 thousand stock options previously granted to the CFO in exchange for the grant of 90.0 thousand RSUs to the CFO. The Company expects to seek shareholder approval for the stock option exchange (repricing) of the CFO’s options at the Company’s next annual meeting of shareholders.

Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Standards:

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The amendments in ASU 2014-09 affect any entity that either enters into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services or enters into contracts for the transfer of nonfinancial assets unless those contracts are within the scope of other standards (e.g., insurance contracts or lease contracts). The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early application is not permitted. We have not yet assessed the impact of the adoption of ASU 2014-09 on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements-Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40). The amendments in ASU 2014-15 are intended to define management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an organization’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures. The amendments are effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early application is permitted for annual or interim reporting periods for which the financial statements have not previously been issued. The Company expects no impact from the adoption of ASU 2014-15 on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, Interest-Imputation of Interest: Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs. The guidance requires an entity to present debt issuance costs in the balance sheet as a direct reduction from the carrying amount of the debt liability, consistent with debt discounts, rather than as an asset. Amortization of debt issuance costs will continue to be reported as interest expense. Debt issuance costs related to revolving credit arrangements, however, will continue to be presented as an asset and amortized ratably over the term of the arrangement. ASU 2015-03 is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015 including interim periods within those annual periods. Early application is permitted, and upon adoption, ASU 2015-03 should be applied on a retrospective basis. We do not expect the standard to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Inventory, which simplifies the measurement principle of inventories valued under the First-In, First-Out ("FIFO") or weighted average methods from the lower of cost or market to the lower of cost and net realizable value. ASU 2015-11 is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016 including interim periods within those annual periods. We do not expect the standard to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes, which requires that deferred tax assets and liabilities be classified as noncurrent on the consolidated balance sheet. ASU 2015-17 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. Upon adoption, ASU 2015-17 may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. We do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, to improve financial reporting about leasing transactions. This ASU will require organizations that lease assets (“lessees”) to recognize a lease liability and a right-of-use asset on its balance sheet for all leases with terms of more than twelve months. A lease liability is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis and a right-of-use asset represents the lessee’s right to use, or control use of, a specified asset for the lease term. The amendments in this ASU simplify the accounting for sale and leaseback transactions primarily because lessees must recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. This ASU leaves the accounting for the organizations that own the assets leased to the lessee (“lessor”) largely unchanged except for targeted improvements to align it with the lessee accounting model and Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

The amendments in ASU 2016-02 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Lessees (for capital and operating leases) and lessors (for sales-type, direct financing, and operating leases) must apply a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. The modified retrospective approach would not require any transition accounting for leases that expired before the earliest comparative period presented. Lessees and lessors may not apply a full retrospective transition approach. The Company is evaluating the potential impact of ASU 2016-02 on its Consolidated Financial Statements.