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Fair Value (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring Basis

The following tables display the assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis including financial instruments elected for the fair value option. We often economically hedge the fair value change of our assets or liabilities with derivatives. The tables below display the hedges separately from the hedged items; therefore, they do not directly display the impact of our risk-management activities.


	Recurring fair value measurements
December 31, 2023 ($ in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Investment securities
Equity securities (a) (b)	$	765	$	—	$	1	$	766
Available-for-sale securities
Debt securities
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	2,075		—		—		2,075
U.S. States and political subdivisions	—		649		9		658
Foreign government	51		132		—		183
Agency mortgage-backed residential	—		15,384		—		15,384
Mortgage-backed residential	—		225		—		225
Agency mortgage-backed commercial	—		3,758		—		3,758

Asset-backed	—		332		—		332
Corporate debt	—		1,800		—		1,800
Total available-for-sale securities	2,126		22,280		9		24,415
Mortgage loans held-for-sale (c)	—		25		—		25




Other assets
Derivative contracts in a receivable position
Interest rate	—		31		2		33


Total derivative contracts in a receivable position	—		31		2		33

Total assets	$	2,891	$	22,336	$	12	$	25,239
Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
Derivative contracts in a payable position

Foreign currency	$	—	$	7	$	—	$	7
Credit contracts	—		—		10		10

Total derivative contracts in a payable position	—		7		10		17

Total liabilities	$	—	$	7	$	10	$	17

(a)Our direct investment in any one industry did not exceed 11%. The concentration calculation excludes our investment in mutual funds and ETFs.

(b)Excludes $44 million of equity securities that are measured at fair value using the net asset value practical expedient and therefore are not classified in the fair value hierarchy.

(c)Carried at fair value due to fair value option elections.


	Recurring fair value measurements
December 31, 2022 ($ in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Investment securities
Equity securities (a) (b)	$	642	$	—	$	1	$	643
Available-for-sale securities
Debt securities
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	2,016		—		—		2,016
U.S. States and political subdivisions	—		756		4		760
Foreign government	39		107		—		146
Agency mortgage-backed residential	—		16,633		—		16,633
Mortgage-backed residential	—		4,299		—		4,299
Agency mortgage-backed commercial	—		3,535		—		3,535

Asset-backed	—		433		—		433
Corporate debt	—		1,719		—		1,719
Total available-for-sale securities	2,055		27,482		4		29,541
Mortgage loans held-for-sale (c)	—		13		—		13

Finance receivables and loans, net
Consumer other (c)	—		—		3		3

Other assets
Derivative contracts in a receivable position
Interest rate	—		22		—		22

Equity contracts	1		—		—		1
Total derivative contracts in a receivable position	1		22		—		23

Total assets	$	2,698	$	27,517	$	8	$	30,223
Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
Derivative contracts in a payable position

Foreign currency	$	—	$	2	$	—	$	2
Credit contracts	—		—		39		39
Equity contracts	1		—		—		1
Total derivative contracts in a payable position	1		2		39		42

Total liabilities	$	1	$	2	$	39	$	42

(a)Our direct investment in any one industry did not exceed 15%. The concentration calculation excludes our investment in mutual funds and ETFs.

(b)Excludes $38 million of equity securities that are measured at fair value using the net asset value practical expedient and therefore are not classified in the fair value hierarchy.

(c)Carried at fair value due to fair value option elections.

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets Measured on a Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation

The following tables present the reconciliation for all Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. We often economically hedge the fair value change of our assets or liabilities with derivatives and other financial instruments. The Level 3 items presented below may be hedged by derivatives and other financial instruments that are classified as Level 1 or Level 2. Thus, the following tables do not fully reflect the impact of our risk-management activities.


	Equity securities (a)				Available-for-sale securities				Finance receivables and loans, net (b) (c)
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022			2023		2022
Assets
Fair value at January 1,	$	1	$	9	$	4	$	9		$	3	$	7
Net realized/unrealized gains (losses)
Included in earnings	—		1		—		—			—		(1)
Included in OCI	—		—		—		—			—		—
Purchases	—		—		5		6			—		12
Sales	—		(9)		—		—			—		—
Issuances	—		—		—		—			—		—
Settlements	—		—		—		(11)			(3)		(15)
Transfers into Level 3	—		—		—		—			—		—
Transfers out of Level 3	—		—		—		—			—		—
Fair value at December 31,	$	1	$	1	$	9	$	4		$	—	$	3
Net unrealized losses still held at December 31,
Included in earnings	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—
Included in OCI	—		—		—		—			—		—

(a)Net realized/unrealized gains are reported as other gain (loss) on investments, net, in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

(b)Carried at fair value due to fair value option elections.

(c)Net realized/unrealized losses are reported as other income, net of losses, in the Consolidated Statement of Income.


	Derivative liabilities, net of derivative assets (a)
($ in millions)	2023		2022
Liabilities
Fair value at January 1,	$	39	$	53
Net realized/unrealized gains
Included in earnings	(11)		(5)
Included in OCI	—		—
Purchases	—		—
Sales	—		—
Issuances	—		—
Settlements	(34)		(19)
Transfers into Level 3	—		—
Transfers out of Level 3 (b)	14		10
Fair value at December 31,	$	8	$	39
Net unrealized gains still held at December 31,
Included in earnings	$	(7)	$	(11)
Included in OCI	—		—

(a)Net realized/unrealized gains are reported as gain on mortgage and automotive loans, net, and other income, net of losses, in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

(b)Represents the settlement value of interest rate derivative assets that are transferred to loans held-for-sale within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy during the years ended December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022. These transfers are deemed to have occurred at the end of the reporting period.

Schedule of Fair Value Measurements - Nonrecurring Basis

The following table displays assets and liabilities of our held-for-sale operations measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and still held at December 31, 2023. Refer to Note 24 for descriptions of valuation methodologies used to measure material assets at fair value and details of the valuation models, key inputs to these models, and significant assumptions used.


	Nonrecurring fair value measurements								Lower-of-cost-or-fair-value reserve, valuation reserve, or cumulative adjustments		Total gain (loss) included in earnings
December 31, 2023 ($ in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets




Loans held-for-sale, net	$	—	$	1,940	$	—	$	1,940	$	—	n/m	(a)







Other assets (b)	—		35		—		35		(149)		n/m	(a)
Total assets	$	—	$	1,975	$	—	$	1,975	$	(149)	n/m
Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	—	$	17	$	—	$	17	$	—	n/m	(a)
Total liabilities	$	—	$	17	$	—	$	17	$	—	n/m

n/m = not meaningful

(a)We consider the applicable valuation allowance, allowance for loan losses, or cumulative adjustments to be the most relevant indicator of the impact on earnings caused by the fair value measurement. Accordingly, the table above excludes total gains and losses included in earnings for these items.

(b)Includes a $149 million impairment of goodwill at Ally Lending. At the time of impairment, the fair value of goodwill at Ally Lending was classified as Level 2 under the fair value hierarchy.

The following tables display assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and still held at December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. The amounts are generally as of the end of each period presented, which approximate the fair value measurements that occurred during each period. This table excludes assets of operations held-for-sale and refer to Note 2 for additional information.


	Nonrecurring fair value measurements								Lower-of-cost-or-fair-value reserve, valuation reserve, or cumulative adjustments		Total gain (loss) included in earnings
December 31, 2023 ($ in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets




Loans held-for-sale, net	$	—	$	—	$	375	$	375	$	—	n/m	(a)






Commercial finance receivables and loans, net (b)
Automotive	—		—		6		6		—		n/m	(a)
Other	—		—		49		49		(43)		n/m	(a)
Total commercial finance receivables and loans, net	—		—		55		55		(43)		n/m	(a)
Other assets
Nonmarketable equity investments	—		—		1		1		1		n/m	(a)


Repossessed and foreclosed assets (c)	—		—		10		10		(1)		n/m	(a)

Total assets	$	—	$	—	$	441	$	441	$	(43)	n/m

n/m = not meaningful

(b)Represents collateral-dependent loans held for investment for which a nonrecurring measurement was made. The related allowance for loan losses represents the cumulative fair value adjustments for those specific receivables.

(c)The allowance provided for repossessed and foreclosed assets represents any cumulative valuation adjustment recognized to adjust the assets to fair value.


	Nonrecurring fair value measurements								Lower-of-cost-or-fair-value reserve, valuation reserve, or cumulative adjustments		Total gain (loss) included in earnings
December 31, 2022 ($ in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets




Loans held-for-sale, net	$	—	$	—	$	641	$	641	$	—	n/m	(a)






Commercial finance receivables and loans, net (b)
Automotive	—		—		3		3		—		n/m	(a)
Other	—		—		39		39		(89)		n/m	(a)
Total commercial finance receivables and loans, net	—		—		42		42		(89)		n/m	(a)
Other assets
Nonmarketable equity investments	—		—		12		12		3		n/m	(a)

Repossessed and foreclosed assets (c)	—		—		5		5		—		n/m	(a)

Total assets	$	—	$	—	$	700	$	700	$	(86)	n/m

n/m = not meaningful

(c)The allowance provided for repossessed and foreclosed assets represents any cumulative valuation adjustment recognized to adjust the assets to fair value.

Schedule of Fair Value, by Balance Sheet Grouping

The following table presents the carrying and estimated fair value of financial instruments, except for those recorded at fair value on a recurring basis presented in the previous section of this note titled Recurring Fair Value. This table excludes assets of operations held-for-sale and refer to Note 2 for additional information. When possible, we use quoted market prices to determine fair value. Where quoted market prices are not available, the fair value is internally derived based on appropriate valuation methodologies with respect to the amount and timing of future cash flows and estimated discount rates. However, considerable judgment is required in interpreting current market data to develop the market assumptions and inputs necessary to estimate fair value. As such, the actual amount received to sell an asset or the amount paid to settle a liability could differ from our estimates. Fair value information presented herein was based on information available at December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022.


			Estimated fair value
($ in millions)	Carrying value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
December 31, 2023
Financial assets
Held-to-maturity securities	$	4,680	$	—	$	4,729	$	—	$	4,729
Loans held-for-sale, net	375		—		—		375		375
Finance receivables and loans, net	135,852		—		—		137,244		137,244
FHLB/FRB stock (a)	784		—		784		—		784
Financial liabilities
Deposit liabilities	$	55,187	$	—	$	—	$	55,311	$	55,311
Short-term borrowings	3,297		—		—		3,335		3,335
Long-term debt	17,570		—		12,789		5,749		18,538
December 31, 2022
Financial assets
Held-to-maturity securities	$	1,062	$	—	$	884	$	—	$	884
Loans held-for-sale, net	641		—		—		641		641
Finance receivables and loans, net	132,034		—		—		133,856		133,856
FHLB/FRB stock (a)	719		—		719		—		719
Financial liabilities
Deposit liabilities	$	42,336	$	—	$	—	$	41,909	$	41,909
Short-term borrowings	2,399		—		—		2,417		2,417
Long-term debt	17,762		—		12,989		5,263		18,252

(a)Included in other assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheet.