10-Q

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023, or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                          to                         

Commission file number: 1-3754

Ally Financial Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	38-0572512
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

Ally Detroit Center

500 Woodward Avenue, Floor 10

Detroit, Michigan 48226

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(866) 710-4623

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbols	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	ALLY	NYSE

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.                    Yes ☑                    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).                            Yes ☑                    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☑	Accelerated filer	☐	Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
						Emerging growth company	☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐                    No ☑

At July 28, 2023, the number of shares outstanding of the Registrant’s common stock was 301,618,768 shares.

1

Index

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

		Page
	Glossary of Abbreviations and Acronyms	3
Part I — Financial Information
Item 1.	Financial Statements	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (unaudited) for the Three Months and Six Months Ended June 30, 2023, and 2022	5
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet (unaudited) at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022	7
	Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity (unaudited) for the Three Months and Six Months Ended June 30, 2023, and 2022	9
	Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (unaudited) for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023, and 2022	10
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	12
	Note 1. Description of Business, Basis of Presentation, and Changes in Significant Accounting Policies	12
	Note 2. Revenue from Contracts with Customers	14
	Note 3. Other Income, Net of Losses	16
	Note 4. Reserves for Insurance Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses	17
	Note 5. Other Operating Expenses	17
	Note 6. Investment Securities	18
	Note 7. Finance Receivables and Loans, Net	22
	Note 8. Leasing	36
	Note 9. Securitizations and Variable Interest Entities	39
	Note 10. Other Assets	42
	Note 11. Deposit Liabilities	43
	Note 12. Debt	44
	Note 13. Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities	45
	Note 14. Preferred Stock	46
	Note 15. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	46
	Note 16. Earnings per Common Share	49
	Note 17. Regulatory Capital and Other Regulatory Matters	49
	Note 18. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities	53
	Note 19. Income Taxes	59
	Note 20. Fair Value	59
	Note 21. Offsetting Assets and Liabilities	66
	Note 22. Segment Information	67
	Note 23. Contingencies and Other Risks	70
	Note 24. Subsequent Events	70
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	71
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	127
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	128
Part II — Other Information		129
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	129
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	129
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	129
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	129
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	129
Item 5.	Other Information	129
Item 6.	Exhibits	130
Signatures		131

2

Index of Defined Terms

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Glossary of Abbreviations and Acronyms

The following is a list of abbreviations and acronyms that are used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Term	Definition
ALCO	Asset-Liability Committee
ALM	Asset Liability Management
ASC	Accounting Standards Codification
ASU	Accounting Standards Update
BHC	Bank holding company
BHC Act	Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended
BMC	Better Mortgage Company
Board	Ally Board of Directors
BTFP	Bank Term Funding Program
CD	Certificate of deposit
CECL	Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 (and related Accounting Standards Updates), or current expected credit loss
COH	Corporate overhead
COVID-19	Coronavirus disease 2019
CRA	Community Reinvestment Act of 1977, as amended
CSG	Commercial Services Group
CVA	Credit valuation adjustment
Dodd-Frank Act	Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, as amended
DVA	Debit valuation adjustment
EGRRCP Act	Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act, as amended
ERMC	Enterprise Risk Management Committee
ESG	Environmental, social, and governance
Exchange Act	Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
F&I	Finance and insurance
FASB	Financial Accounting Standards Board
FDIC	Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FDICIA	Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991, as amended
FHC	Financial holding company
FHLB	Federal Home Loan Bank
FRB	Federal Reserve Bank, or Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, as the context requires
FTP	Funds-transfer pricing
GAP	Guaranteed asset protection
GDP	Gross domestic product of the United States of America
GLB Act	Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999, as amended
GM	General Motors Company
IB Finance	IB Finance Holding Company, LLC
LCR	Liquidity coverage ratio
LGD	Loss given default
LIBOR	London Interbank Offered Rate
LIBOR Act	Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act
LIHTC	Low-income housing tax credit
LMI	Low-to-moderate income
LTV	Loan-to-value
MD&A	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
NYSE	New York Stock Exchange

3

Index of Defined Terms

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Term	Definition
OTC	Over-the-counter
P&C	Property and casualty
PCA	Prompt corrective action
RC	Risk Committee of the Ally Board of Directors
ROU	Right-of-use
RV	Recreational vehicle
RWA	Risk-weighted asset
SEC	U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Signature	Signature Bank
SOFR	Secured Overnight Financing Rate
SPE	Special-purpose entity
Stellantis	Stellantis N.V.
SVB	Silicon Valley Bank
Tailoring Rules	The rules implementing Title IV of the EGRRCP Act
TDR	Troubled debt restructuring
TLAC	Total loss-absorbing capacity
UPB	Unpaid principal balance
U.S. Basel III	The rules implementing the 2010 Basel III capital framework in the United States as well as related provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act, as amended from time to time
U.S. GAAP	Accounting Principles Generally Accepted in the United States of America
VIE	Variable interest entity
VMC	Vehicle maintenance contract
VSC	Vehicle service contract
WAC	Weighted-average coupon
wSTWF	Weighted short-term wholesale funding

4

Table of Contents PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Financing revenue and other interest income
Interest and fees on finance receivables and loans	$	2,721	$	1,842	$	5,296	$	3,556
Interest on loans held-for-sale	7		4		22		8
Interest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assets	247		203		485		391
Interest on cash and cash equivalents	87		5		143		7
Operating leases	392		396		794		799
Total financing revenue and other interest income	3,454		2,450		6,740		4,761
Interest expense
Interest on deposits	1,418		263		2,635		474
Interest on short-term borrowings	11		19		23		24
Interest on long-term debt	252		184		479		369
Interest on other	—		1		2		1
Total interest expense	1,681		467		3,139		868
Net depreciation expense on operating lease assets	200		219		426		436
Net financing revenue and other interest income	1,573		1,764		3,175		3,457
Other revenue
Insurance premiums and service revenue earned	310		280		616		560
Gain on mortgage and automotive loans, net	5		4		9		18
Other gain (loss) on investments, net	26		(124)		100		(119)
Other income, net of losses	165		152		279		295
Total other revenue	506		312		1,004		754
Total net revenue	2,079		2,076		4,179		4,211
Provision for credit losses	427		304		873		471
Noninterest expense
Compensation and benefits expense	448		437		985		930
Insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses	134		89		222		147
Other operating expenses	667		612		1,308		1,183
Total noninterest expense	1,249		1,138		2,515		2,260
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense	403		634		791		1,480
Income tax expense from continuing operations	74		152		142		343
Net income from continuing operations	329		482		649		1,137
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	—		—		(1)		—
Net income	329		482		648		1,137
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(87)		(1,218)		196		(2,851)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	242	$	(736)	$	844	$	(1,714)

Statement continues on the next page.

The Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

5

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions, except per share data; shares in thousands) (a)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders	$	301	$	454	$	593	$	1,081
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	—		—		(1)		—
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	301	$	454	$	592	$	1,081
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding (b)	303,684		322,057		303,173		328,830
Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding (b)	304,646		324,027		304,050		330,882
Basic earnings per common share
Net income from continuing operations	$	0.99	$	1.41	$	1.96	$	3.29
Net income	$	0.99	$	1.41	$	1.95	$	3.29
Diluted earnings per common share
Net income from continuing operations	$	0.99	$	1.40	$	1.95	$	3.27
Net income	$	0.99	$	1.40	$	1.95	$	3.27
Cash dividends declared per common share	$	0.30	$	0.30	$	0.60	$	0.60

(a)Figures in the table may not recalculate exactly due to rounding. Earnings per share is calculated based on unrounded numbers.

(b)Includes shares related to share-based compensation that vested but were not yet issued.

Refer to Note 16 for additional earnings per share information. The Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

6

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

($ in millions, except share data)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents
Noninterest-bearing	$	536	$	542
Interest-bearing	9,436		5,029
Total cash and cash equivalents	9,972		5,571
Equity securities	759		681
Available-for-sale securities (amortized cost of $33,809 and $34,863)	28,664		29,541
Held-to-maturity securities (fair value of $850 and $884)	1,030		1,062
Loans held-for-sale, net	297		654
Finance receivables and loans, net
Finance receivables and loans, net of unearned income	138,449		135,748
Allowance for loan losses	(3,781)		(3,711)
Total finance receivables and loans, net	134,668		132,037
Investment in operating leases, net	9,930		10,444
Premiums receivable and other insurance assets	2,768		2,698
Other assets	9,153		9,138
Total assets	$	197,241	$	191,826
Liabilities
Deposit liabilities
Noninterest-bearing	$	160	$	185
Interest-bearing	154,150		152,112
Total deposit liabilities	154,310		152,297
Short-term borrowings	2,194		2,399
Long-term debt	20,141		17,762
Interest payable	955		408
Unearned insurance premiums and service revenue	3,478		3,453
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	2,631		2,648
Total liabilities	183,709		178,967
Contingencies (refer to Note 23)
Equity
Common stock and paid-in capital ($0.01 par value, shares authorized 1,100,000,000; issued 510,870,696 and 507,682,838; and outstanding 301,618,768 and 299,324,357)	21,915		21,816
Preferred stock	2,324		2,324
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)	23		(384)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(3,863)		(4,059)
Treasury stock, at cost (209,251,928 and 208,358,481 shares)	(6,867)		(6,838)
Total equity	13,532		12,859
Total liabilities and equity	$	197,241	$	191,826

Statement continues on the next page.

The Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

7

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

The assets of consolidated variable interest entities that can be used only to settle obligations of the consolidated variable interest entities and the liabilities of these entities for which creditors (or beneficial interest holders) do not have recourse to our general credit were as follows.

($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets
Finance receivables and loans, net
Consumer automotive	$	9,928	$	9,547
Allowance for loan losses	(361)		(336)
Total finance receivables and loans, net	9,567		9,211
Other assets	652		645
Total assets	$	10,219	$	9,856
Liabilities
Long-term debt	$	2,710	$	2,436
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	6		5
Total liabilities	$	2,716	$	2,441

The Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

8

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

	Three months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	Common stock and paid-in capital		Preferred stock		Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)		Accumulated other comprehensive loss		Treasury stock		Total equity
Balance at April 1, 2022	$	21,728	$	2,324	$	(1,076)	$	(1,791)	$	(5,772)	$	15,413
Net income					482						482
Preferred stock dividends — Series B					(16)						(16)
Preferred stock dividends — Series C					(12)						(12)
Share-based compensation	34										34
Other comprehensive loss							(1,218)				(1,218)
Common stock repurchases									(600)		(600)
Common stock dividends ($0.30 per share)					(99)						(99)
Balance at June 30, 2022	$	21,762	$	2,324	$	(721)	$	(3,009)	$	(6,372)	$	13,984
Balance at April 1, 2023	$	21,880	$	2,324	$	(185)	$	(3,776)	$	(6,865)	$	13,378
Net income					329						329
Preferred stock dividends — Series B					(16)						(16)
Preferred stock dividends — Series C					(12)						(12)
Share-based compensation	35										35
Other comprehensive loss							(87)				(87)
Common stock repurchases									(2)		(2)
Common stock dividends ($0.30 per share)					(93)						(93)
Balance at June 30, 2023	$	21,915	$	2,324	$	23	$	(3,863)	$	(6,867)	$	13,532

	Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	Common stock and paid-in capital		Preferred stock		Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)		Accumulated other comprehensive loss		Treasury stock		Total equity
Balance at January 1, 2022	$	21,671	$	2,324	$	(1,599)	$	(158)	$	(5,188)	$	17,050
Net income					1,137						1,137
Preferred stock dividends — Series B					(32)						(32)
Preferred stock dividends — Series C					(24)						(24)
Share-based compensation	91										91
Other comprehensive loss							(2,851)				(2,851)
Common stock repurchases									(1,184)		(1,184)
Common stock dividends ($0.60 per share)					(203)						(203)
Balance at June 30, 2022	$	21,762	$	2,324	$	(721)	$	(3,009)	$	(6,372)	$	13,984
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	21,816	$	2,324	$	(384)	$	(4,059)	$	(6,838)	$	12,859
Net income					648						648
Preferred stock dividends — Series B					(32)						(32)
Preferred stock dividends — Series C					(24)						(24)
Share-based compensation	99										99
Other comprehensive income							196				196
Common stock repurchases									(29)		(29)
Common stock dividends ($0.60 per share)					(185)						(185)
Balance at June 30, 2023	$	21,915	$	2,324	$	23	$	(3,863)	$	(6,867)	$	13,532

The Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

9

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Six months ended June 30, ($ in millions)	2023		2022
Operating activities
Net income	$	648	$	1,137
Reconciliation of net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	613		666
Provision for credit losses	873		471
Gain on mortgage and automotive loans, net	(9)		(18)
Other (gain) loss on investments, net	(100)		119
Originations and purchases of loans held-for-sale	(1,327)		(2,484)
Proceeds from sales and repayments of loans held-for-sale	1,660		2,277
Net change in
Deferred income taxes	53		331
Interest payable	547		60
Other assets	30		912
Other liabilities	(42)		(19)
Other, net	74		20
Net cash provided by operating activities	3,020		3,472
Investing activities
Purchases of equity securities	(102)		(499)
Proceeds from sales of equity securities	127		720
Purchases of available-for-sale securities	(285)		(5,495)
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities	333		716
Proceeds from repayments of available-for-sale securities	1,024		2,675
Purchases of held-to-maturity securities	—		(47)
Proceeds from repayments of held-to-maturity securities	32		105
Purchases of finance receivables and loans held-for-investment	(2,035)		(3,838)
Proceeds from sales of finance receivables and loans initially held-for-investment	9		3
Originations and repayments of finance receivables and loans held-for-investment and other, net	(1,368)		(3,141)
Purchases of operating lease assets	(1,501)		(1,799)
Disposals of operating lease assets	1,580		1,716
Net change in nonmarketable equity investments	(39)		(246)
Other, net	(255)		(305)
Net cash used in investing activities	(2,480)		(9,435)
Statement continues on the next page.
The Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

10

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Six months ended June 30, ($ in millions)	2023		2022
Financing activities
Net change in short-term borrowings	(205)		7,775
Net increase (decrease) in deposits	2,003		(1,159)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt	4,051		4,216
Repayments of long-term debt	(1,704)		(4,292)
Purchases of land and buildings in satisfaction of finance lease liabilities	—		(44)
Repurchases of common stock	(29)		(1,184)
Common stock dividends paid	(187)		(203)
Preferred stock dividends paid	(56)		(56)
Net cash provided by financing activities	3,873		5,053
Effect of exchange-rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	3		(1)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	4,416		(911)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year	6,222		5,670
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at June 30,	$	10,638	$	4,759
Supplemental disclosures
Cash paid (received) for
Interest	$	2,548	$	772
Income taxes	(71)		(429)
Noncash items
Loans held-for-sale transferred to finance receivables and loans held-for-investment	208		25

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash from the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet to the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.

June 30, ($ in millions)	2023		2022
Cash and cash equivalents on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet	$	9,972	$	4,167
Restricted cash included in other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet (a)	666		592
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows	$	10,638	$	4,759

(a)Restricted cash balances relate primarily to our securitization arrangements. Refer to Note 10 for additional details describing the nature of restricted cash balances.

The Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

11

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

1.    Description of Business, Basis of Presentation, and Changes in Significant Accounting Policies

Ally Financial Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries unless the context otherwise requires, Ally, the Company, we, us, or our) is a financial-services company with the nation’s largest all-digital bank and an industry-leading automotive financing and insurance business, driven by a mission to “Do It Right” and be a relentless ally for customers and communities. The Company serves customers through a full range of online banking services (including deposits, mortgage lending, point-of-sale personal lending and credit-card products) and securities brokerage and investment advisory services. The Company also includes a corporate finance business that offers capital for equity sponsors and middle-market companies. Ally is a Delaware corporation and is registered as a BHC under the BHC Act and an FHC under the GLB Act.

Our accounting and reporting policies conform to U.S. GAAP. Additionally, where applicable, the policies conform to the accounting and reporting guidelines prescribed by bank regulatory authorities. Certain reclassifications may have been made to the prior periods’ financial statements and notes to conform to the current period’s presentation, which did not have a material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and that affect income and expenses during the reporting period and related disclosures. In developing the estimates and assumptions, management uses all available evidence; however, actual results could differ because of uncertainties associated with estimating the amounts, timing, and likelihood of possible outcomes. Our most significant estimates pertain to the allowance for loan losses, valuations of automotive lease assets and residuals, fair value of financial instruments, and the determination of the provision for income taxes.

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements at June 30, 2023, and for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, are unaudited but reflect all adjustments that are, in management’s opinion, necessary for the fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. These unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements (and the related Notes) included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed on February 24, 2023, with the SEC.

Significant Accounting Policies

Finance Receivables and Loans

On January 1, 2023, we implemented ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. This guidance eliminates the concept of TDRs and adds new disclosure requirements related to loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty and gross charge-offs. We implemented the ASU on a prospective basis, which results in certain aspects of our accounting policies changing for the current year. For significant accounting policy information related to the accounting and reporting of TDRs, for which comparative period information is presented, refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Modifications of Loans with Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

We may provide a modification to a borrower who is experiencing financial difficulty if we believe they have the ability and are willing to repay their loan. The type of modification granted will vary depending on our credit risk management practices, as well as the borrower’s financial condition and the characteristics of the loan, including the unpaid balance, the underlying collateral, and the number or types of previous modifications granted. Modifications that we make subject to these requirements include payment extensions, principal forgiveness, and/or interest rate concessions. These modifications generally reduce the borrower’s periodic payment amount. The following is a description of each of these types of modifications.

•Payment extensions — Payment extensions include both payment deferrals and contractual maturity extensions. Deferral arrangements allow borrowers to delay a scheduled loan payment to a later date. Deferred loan payments do not affect the original contractual terms of the loan and the contractual maturity date of the loan remains unchanged. Deferrals also include certain forbearance agreements. Within the commercial loan portfolio, deferrals primarily reflect a deferral of interest payments. Under a contractual maturity extension agreement, the last payment date is extended to a future date, contractually lengthening the remaining term of the original loan.

•Principal forgiveness — Under principal forgiveness, the outstanding principal balance of a loan is reduced by a specified amount. Principal forgiveness may occur voluntarily as part of a negotiated agreement with a borrower, or involuntarily through a bankruptcy proceeding. Under these involuntary instances, the bankruptcy court in a Chapter 11 or 13 proceeding may order us to reduce the outstanding principal balance of the loan to a specified amount.

•Interest rate concessions — Interest rate concessions adjust the contractual interest rate of the loan to a rate that is not consistent with a market rate for a customer with similar credit risk.

•Combination — Combination includes loans that have undergone multiple of the above loan modification types. This primarily includes rewritten loans where we grant an interest rate concession and a contractual maturity extension.

12

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Significant judgment is required to determine if a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. These considerations vary by portfolio class. In all cases, the cumulative impacts of all modifications made within the 12-month period before the current modification are considered at the time of the most recent modification.

For consumer loans of all classes, various qualitative factors are used for assessing the financial difficulty of the borrower. These factors include, but are not limited to, the borrower’s default status on any of its debts, bankruptcy, and recent changes in financial circumstances (for instance, loss of employment). For commercial loans of all classes, similar qualitative factors are considered when assessing the financial difficulty of the borrower. In addition to the previously noted factors, consideration is also given to the borrower’s forecasted ability to service the debt in accordance with the contractual terms, possible regulatory actions, and other potential business disruptions (for example, the loss of a significant customer or other revenue stream).

In our consumer automotive portfolio class of loans, we also provide extensions or deferrals of payments to borrowers whom we deem to be experiencing only temporary financial difficulty. In these cases, there are limits within our operational policies to minimize the number of times a loan can be extended, as well as limits to the length of each extension, including a cumulative cap over the life of the loan. If these limits are breached, the modification may require disclosure as noted in the following paragraph. Before offering an extension or deferral, we evaluate the capacity of the customer to make the scheduled payments after the deferral period. During the deferral period, we continue to accrue interest on the loan as part of the deferral agreement. We grant these extensions or deferrals when we expect to collect all amounts due including interest accrued at the original contract rate.

We do not disclose modifications that result in only an insignificant payment delay. In order to assess whether a payment delay is insignificant, we consider the amount of the modified payments subject to delay in conjunction with the unpaid principal balance or the collateral value of the loan, whether or not the delay is significant with respect to the frequency of payments under the original contract, or the loan’s original expected duration. In the cases where payment extensions cumulatively extend beyond 90 days and are more than 10% of the original contractual term, or where the cumulative payment extension within the 12-month period immediately preceding the current modification is beyond 180 days, we deem the delay in payment to be more than insignificant.

The financial impacts of modifications that meet the definition of a modification to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are reported in the period in which they are identified. Additionally, if such a loan defaults within 12 months of the modification, we are required to disclose the instances of redefault. For the purpose of this disclosure, we have determined that a loan is considered to have redefaulted when the loan meets the requirements for evaluation under our charge-off policy, except for commercial loans where redefault is defined as 90 days past due.

Nonaccrual Loans

Generally, we recognize loans of all classes as past due when they are 30 days delinquent on making a contractually required payment, and loans are placed on nonaccrual status when principal or interest has been delinquent for at least 90 days, or when full collection is not expected. Interest income recognition is suspended when finance receivables and loans are placed on nonaccrual status. Additionally, amortization of premiums and discounts and deferred fees and costs ceases when finance receivables and loans are placed on nonaccrual status. Exceptions include commercial real estate loans that are placed on nonaccrual status when delinquent for 60 days or when full collection is not probable, if sooner. Additionally, a loan can be returned to accrual status when the loan has been brought fully current, the collection of contractual principal and interest is reasonably assured, and six consecutive months of repayment performance is achieved. In certain cases, if a borrower has been current up to the time of the modification and repayment of the debt subsequent to the modification is reasonably assured, we may choose to continue to accrue interest on the loan.

Income Taxes

In calculating the provision for interim income taxes, in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, we apply an estimated annual effective tax rate to year-to-date ordinary income. At the end of each interim period, we estimate the effective tax rate expected to be applicable for the full fiscal year. This method differs from that described in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which describes our annual significant income tax accounting policy and related methodology.

Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K regarding additional significant accounting policies.

13

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures (ASU 2022-02)

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. The purpose of this guidance is twofold. First, the guidance eliminates TDR recognition and measurement guidance that has been deemed no longer necessary under CECL. The guidance also adds a requirement to incorporate current year gross charge-offs by origination year into the vintage tables. With respect to the TDR impacts, under CECL, credit losses for financial assets measured at amortized cost are determined based on the total current expected credit losses over the life of the financial asset or group of financial assets. Therefore, credit losses on financial assets that have been modified as TDRs would have largely been incorporated in the allowance upon initial recognition. Under ASU 2022-02, we will evaluate whether loan modifications previously characterized as TDRs represent a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan in accordance with ASC Topic 310, Receivables. The guidance also added new disclosures that require an entity to provide information related to loan modifications that are made to borrowers that are deemed to be in financial difficulty. We adopted the ASU on January 1, 2023, on a prospective basis. The impact of these amendments was not material.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions (ASU 2022-03)

In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions. The purpose of this guidance is to clarify that a contractual restriction on the ability to sell an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of the equity security, and therefore should not be considered when measuring the equity security’s fair value. Additionally, an entity cannot separately recognize and measure a contractual-sale restriction. This guidance also adds specific disclosures related to equity securities that are subject to contractual-sale restrictions, including (1) the fair value of equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions reflected in the balance sheet, (2) the nature and remaining duration of the restrictions, and (3) the circumstances that could cause a lapse in the restrictions. The amendments are effective on January 1, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendments must be applied using a prospective approach with any adjustments from the adoption of the amendments recognized in earnings and disclosed upon adoption. Management does not expect the impact of these amendments to be material.

Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method (ASU 2023-02)

In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-02, Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method. The purpose of this guidance is to expand the use of the proportional amortization method to certain tax equity investments made primarily for the purpose of receiving income tax credits and other income tax benefits. In order to qualify for the proportional amortization method, the following five conditions must be met: (1) it is probable that the income tax credits allocable to the tax equity investor will be available, (2) the tax equity investor does not have the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the underlying project, (3) substantially all of the projected benefits are from income tax credits and other income tax benefits, (4) the tax equity investor’s projected yield is based solely on the cash flows from the income tax credits and other income tax benefits is positive, and (5) the tax equity investor is a limited liability investor in the limited liability entity for both legal and tax purposes, and the tax equity investor’s liability is limited to its capital investment. Selecting the proportional amortization method will be an accounting policy election that must be applied on a tax-credit-program-by-tax-credit-program basis rather than at the entity level or to individual investments. Additionally, in order to apply the proportional amortization method to qualifying investments, an entity must use the flow-through method when accounting for the receipt of the investment tax credits. This guidance also adds disclosure requirements related to tax credit programs where the proportional amortization method has been elected. The amendments are effective on January 1, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendments must be applied using either a modified retrospective or retrospective approach with any adjustments from the adoption of the amendments recognized in retained earnings and disclosed upon adoption. In the event that we elect to apply the proportional amortization method to any qualifying programs upon adoption, management is still assessing the total impacts of these amendments, but does not expect the impact of these amendments to be material.

2.    Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Our primary revenue sources, which include financing revenue and other interest income, are addressed by other U.S. GAAP topics and are not in the scope of ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. As part of our Insurance operations, we recognize revenue from insurance contracts, which are addressed by other U.S. GAAP topics and are not included in the scope of this standard. Certain noninsurance contracts within our Insurance operations, including VSCs, GAP contracts, and VMCs, are included in the scope of this standard. All revenue associated with noninsurance contracts is recognized over the contract term on a basis proportionate to the anticipated cost emergence. Further, commissions and sales expense incurred to obtain these contracts are amortized over the terms of the related policies and service contracts on the same basis as premiums and service revenue are earned, and all advertising costs are recognized as expense when incurred.

14

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

The following tables present a disaggregated view of our revenue from contracts with customers. For further information regarding our revenue recognition policies and details about the nature of our respective revenue streams, refer to Note 1 and Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Three months ended June 30, ($ in millions)	Automotive Finance operations		Insurance operations		Mortgage Finance operations		Corporate Finance operations		Corporate and Other		Consolidated
2023
Revenue from contracts with customers
Noninsurance contracts (a) (b) (c)	$	—	$	171	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	171
Remarketing fee income	31		—		—		—		—		31
Brokerage commissions and other revenue	—		—		—		—		23		23
Banking fees and interchange income (d)	—		—		—		—		11		11
Brokered/agent commissions	—		4		—		—		—		4
Other	5		—		—		—		—		5
Total revenue from contracts with customers	36		175		—		—		34		245
All other revenue	47		162		5		28		19		261
Total other revenue (e)	$	83	$	337	$	5	$	28	$	53	$	506
2022
Revenue from contracts with customers
Noninsurance contracts (a) (b) (c)	$	—	$	163	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	163
Remarketing fee income	29		—		—		—		—		29
Brokerage commissions and other revenue	—		—		—		—		13		13
Banking fees and interchange income (d)	—		—		—		—		10		10
Brokered/agent commissions	—		4		—		—		—		4
Other	6		—		—		—		1		7
Total revenue from contracts with customers	35		167		—		—		24		226
All other revenue	37		(9)		4		19		35		86
Total other revenue (e)	$	72	$	158	$	4	$	19	$	59	$	312

(a)We had opening balances of $3.0 billion in unearned revenue associated with outstanding contracts at both April 1, 2023, and 2022, and $243 million and $234 million of these balances were recognized as insurance premiums and service revenue earned in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income during the three months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

(b)At June 30, 2023, we had unearned revenue of $3.0 billion associated with outstanding contracts, and with respect to this balance we expect to recognize revenue of $464 million during the remainder of 2023, $812 million in 2024, $644 million in 2025, $467 million in 2026, and $582 million thereafter. At June 30, 2022, we had unearned revenue of $3.0 billion associated with outstanding contracts.

(c)We had deferred insurance assets of $1.8 billion at both April 1, 2023, and June 30, 2023, and recognized $144 million of expense during the three months ended June 30, 2023. We had deferred insurance assets of $1.8 billion at both April 1, 2022, and June 30, 2022, and recognized $140 million of expense during the three months ended June 30, 2022.

(d)Interchange income is reported net of customer rewards. Customer rewards expense was $5 million and $3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

(e)Represents a component of total net revenue. Refer to Note 22 for further information on our reportable operating segments.

15

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Six months ended June 30, ($ in millions)	Automotive Finance operations		Insurance operations		Mortgage Finance operations		Corporate Finance operations		Corporate and Other		Consolidated
2023
Revenue from contracts with customers
Noninsurance contracts (a) (b)	$	—	$	340	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	340
Remarketing fee income	64		—		—		—		—		64
Brokerage commissions and other revenue	—		—		—		—		46		46
Banking fees and interchange income (c)	—		—		—		—		21		21
Brokered/agent commissions	—		7		—		—		—		7
Other	10		—		—		—		—		10
Total revenue from contracts with customers	74		347		—		—		67		488
All other revenue	86		371		9		57		(7)		516
Total other revenue (d)	$	160	$	718	$	9	$	57	$	60	$	1,004
2022
Revenue from contracts with customers
Noninsurance contracts (a) (b)	$	—	$	325	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	325
Remarketing fee income	56		—		—		—		—		56
Brokerage commissions and other revenue	—		—		—		—		24		24
Banking fees and interchange income (c)	—		—		—		—		21		21
Brokered/agent commissions	—		8		—		—		—		8
Other	11		—		—		—		2		13
Total revenue from contracts with customers	67		333		—		—		47		447
All other revenue	73		95		18		43		78		307
Total other revenue (d)	$	140	$	428	$	18	$	43	$	125	$	754

(a)We had opening balances of $3.0 billion and $3.1 billion in unearned revenue associated with outstanding contracts at January 1, 2023, and 2022, respectively, and $484 million and $465 million of these balances were recognized as insurance premiums and service revenue earned in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income during the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

(b)We had deferred insurance assets of $1.8 billion at both January 1, 2023, and June 30, 2023, and recognized $288 million of expense during the six months ended June 30, 2023. We had deferred insurance assets of $1.9 billion and $1.8 billion at January 1, 2022, and June 30, 2022, respectively, and recognized $277 million of expense during the six months ended June 30, 2022.

(c)Interchange income is reported net of customer rewards. Customer rewards expense was $9 million and $6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

(d)Represents a component of total net revenue. Refer to Note 22 for further information on our reportable operating segments.

In addition to the components of other revenue presented above, as part of our Automotive Finance operations, we recognized net remarketing gains of $70 million and $117 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $50 million and $100 million for the same periods in 2022, on the sale of off-lease vehicles. These gains are included in depreciation expense on operating lease assets in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

3.    Other Income, Net of Losses

Details of other income, net of losses, were as follows.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Late charges and other administrative fees	$	48	$	38	$	95	$	75
Remarketing fees	31		29		64		56
Income (loss) from equity-method investments (a)	15		25		(3)		45
Gain (loss) on nonmarketable equity investments, net (a)	—		3		(11)		2
Other, net	71		57		134		117
Total other income, net of losses	$	165	$	152	$	279	$	295

(a)Refer to Note 10 for further information on our nonmarketable equity investments and equity-method investments.

16

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

4.    Reserves for Insurance Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses

The following table shows a rollforward of our reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses.

($ in millions)	2023		2022
Total gross reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses at January 1,	$	119	$	122
Less: Reinsurance recoverable	72		81
Net reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses at January 1,	47		41
Net insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred related to:
Current year	218		151
Prior years (a)	4		(4)
Total net insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred	222		147
Net insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses paid or payable related to:
Current year	(154)		(114)
Prior years	(35)		(24)
Total net insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses paid or payable	(189)		(138)
Net reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses at June 30,	80		50
Plus: Reinsurance recoverable	72		81
Total gross reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses at June 30,	$	152	$	131

(a)There have been no material adverse changes to the reserve for prior years.

5.    Other Operating Expenses

Details of other operating expenses were as follows.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Insurance commissions	$	158	$	151	$	315	$	300
Technology and communications	111		100		219		197
Advertising and marketing	79		77		157		149
Lease and loan administration	53		54		101		105
Property and equipment depreciation	48		41		95		80
Regulatory and licensing fees	39		22		74		48
Professional services	36		47		68		90
Vehicle remarketing and repossession	28		22		55		42
Amortization of intangible assets (a)	6		8		13		16
Other	109		90		211		156
Total other operating expenses	$	667	$	612	$	1,308	$	1,183

(a)Refer to Note 10 for further information on our intangible assets.

17

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

6.    Investment Securities

Our investment portfolio includes various debt and equity securities. Our debt securities, which are classified as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity, include government securities, corporate bonds, asset-backed securities, and mortgage-backed securities. The cost, fair value, and gross unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities were as follows.

	June 30, 2023								December 31, 2022
	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized				Fair value		Amortized cost		Gross unrealized				Fair value
($ in millions)			gains		losses						gains		losses
Available-for-sale securities
Debt securities
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	$	2,277	$	—	$	(248)	$	2,029	$	2,272	$	—	$	(256)	$	2,016
U.S. States and political subdivisions	746		—		(81)		665		841		1		(82)		760
Foreign government	180		—		(12)		168		158		—		(12)		146
Agency mortgage-backed residential (a)	18,808		—		(2,952)		15,856		19,668		3		(3,038)		16,633
Mortgage-backed residential	4,961		—		(818)		4,143		5,154		—		(855)		4,299
Agency mortgage-backed commercial (a)	4,499		—		(815)		3,684		4,380		—		(845)		3,535
Asset-backed	404		—		(21)		383		459		—		(26)		433
Corporate debt	1,934		1		(199)		1,736		1,931		1		(213)		1,719
Total available-for-sale securities (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)	$	33,809	$	1	$	(5,146)	$	28,664	$	34,863	$	5	$	(5,327)	$	29,541
Held-to-maturity securities
Debt securities
Agency mortgage-backed residential	$	1,030	$	—	$	(180)	$	850	$	1,062	$	—	$	(178)	$	884
Total held-to-maturity securities (f) (g)	$	1,030	$	—	$	(180)	$	850	$	1,062	$	—	$	(178)	$	884

(a)Fair value includes a $75 million liability and a $12 million liability for agency mortgage-backed residential securities and an $11 million liability and $15 million asset for agency mortgage-backed commercial securities related to basis adjustments for securities in closed portfolios with active hedges under the portfolio layer method at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. These basis adjustments would be allocated to the amortized cost of specific securities within the pool if the hedge was dedesignated. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.

(b)Certain available-for-sale securities are included in fair value hedging relationships. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.

(c)Certain entities related to our Insurance operations are required to deposit securities with state regulatory authorities. These deposited securities totaled $13 million and $12 million at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

(d)Available-for-sale securities with a fair value of $5.0 billion and $3.9 billion were pledged as collateral at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. This primarily included $3.3 billion and $3.0 billion pledged to secure advances from the FHLB at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. This also included securities pledged for other purposes as required by contractual obligations or law, under which agreements we granted the counterparty the right to sell or pledge $1.7 billion and $899 million of the underlying available-for-sale securities at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

(e)Totals do not include accrued interest receivable, which was $87 million and $91 million at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Accrued interest receivable is included in other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

(f)There was no allowance for credit losses recorded at both June 30, 2023, or December 31, 2022, as management determined that there were no expected credit losses in our portfolio of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities.

(g)Totals do not include accrued interest receivable, which was $2 million at both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. Accrued interest receivable is included in other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

18

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

The maturity distribution of debt securities outstanding is summarized in the following tables based upon contractual maturities. Call or prepayment options may cause actual maturities to differ from contractual maturities.

	Total				Due in one year or less				Due after one year through five years				Due after five years through ten years				Due after ten years
($ in millions)	Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield
June 30, 2023
Fair value of available-for-sale securities (a)
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	$	2,029	1.6	%	$	14	2.3	%	$	920	1.3	%	$	1,095	1.8	%	$	—	—	%
U.S. States and political subdivisions	665		3.1		6		3.5		55		2.7		106		3.4		498		3.1
Foreign government	168		2.0		22		1.2		74		2.1		72		2.1		—		—
Agency mortgage-backed residential (b)	15,856		2.6		—		—		5		2.0		42		2.4		15,809		2.6
Mortgage-backed residential	4,143		2.8		—		—		—		—		12		2.9		4,131		2.8
Agency mortgage-backed commercial (b)	3,684		2.2		—		—		101		3.2		1,411		2.3		2,172		2.1
Asset-backed	383		1.8		—		—		371		1.7		11		5.1		1		2.7
Corporate debt	1,736		2.6		120		2.4		967		2.5		635		2.7		14		5.6
Total available-for-sale securities	$	28,664	2.5		$	162	2.3		$	2,493	1.9		$	3,384	2.3		$	22,625	2.6
Amortized cost of available-for-sale securities	$	33,809			$	166			$	2,695			$	3,916			$	27,032
Amortized cost of held-to-maturity securities
Agency mortgage-backed residential	$	1,030	2.8	%	$	—	—	%	$	—	—	%	$	—	—	%	$	1,030	2.8	%
Total held-to-maturity securities	$	1,030	2.8		$	—	—		$	—	—		$	—	—		$	1,030	2.8
December 31, 2022
Fair value of available-for-sale securities (a)
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	$	2,016	1.6	%	$	—	—	%	$	716	1.3	%	$	1,300	1.7	%	$	—	—	%
U.S. States and political subdivisions	760		3.2		26		2.7		60		2.7		112		3.3		562		3.2
Foreign government	146		1.8		13		0.8		74		1.8		59		1.9		—		—
Agency mortgage-backed residential (b)	16,633		2.6		—		—		—		—		27		2.0		16,606		2.6
Mortgage-backed residential	4,299		2.8		—		—		—		—		14		2.9		4,285		2.8
Agency mortgage-backed commercial (b)	3,535		2.2		—		—		66		3.1		1,234		2.1		2,235		2.1
Asset-backed	433		1.7		—		—		401		1.7		25		1.8		7		3.5
Corporate debt	1,719		2.4		86		2.4		912		2.3		705		2.6		16		4.9
Total available-for-sale securities	$	29,541	2.5		$	125	2.3		$	2,229	1.9		$	3,476	2.1		$	23,711	2.6
Amortized cost of available-for-sale securities	$	34,863			$	126			$	2,403			$	4,048			$	28,286
Amortized cost of held-to-maturity securities
Agency mortgage-backed residential	$	1,062	2.8	%	$	—	—	%	$	—	—	%	$	—	—	%	$	1,062	2.8	%
Total held-to-maturity securities	$	1,062	2.8		$	—	—		$	—	—		$	—	—		$	1,062	2.8

(a)Yield is calculated using the effective yield of each security at the end of the period, weighted based on the market value. The effective yield considers the contractual coupon and amortized cost, and excludes expected capital gains and losses.

(b)Fair value includes a $75 million liability and a $12 million liability for agency mortgage-backed residential securities and an $11 million liability and $15 million asset for agency mortgage-backed commercial securities related to basis adjustments for securities in closed portfolios with active hedges under the portfolio layer method at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. These basis adjustments would be allocated to the amortized cost of specific securities within the pool if the hedge was dedesignated. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.

The balances of cash equivalents were $45 million and $18 million at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, and were composed primarily of money-market funds and short-term securities.

19

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

The following table presents interest and dividends on investment securities.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Taxable interest	$	229	$	186	$	446	$	360
Taxable dividends	4		4		7		8
Interest and dividends exempt from U.S. federal income tax	5		5		11		10
Interest and dividends on investment securities	$	238	$	195	$	464	$	378

The following table presents gross gains and losses realized upon the sales of available-for-sale securities, and net gains or losses on equity securities held during the period.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Available-for-sale securities
Gross realized gains	$	—	$	3	$	5	$	21
Net realized gain on available-for-sale securities	—		3		5		21
Net realized gain on equity securities	1		10		6		62
Net unrealized gain (loss) on equity securities	25		(137)		89		(202)
Other gain (loss) on investments, net	$	26	$	(124)	$	100	$	(119)

The following table presents the credit quality of our held-to-maturity securities, based on the latest available information as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. The credit ratings are sourced from nationally recognized statistical rating organizations, which include S&P, Moody’s, and Fitch. The ratings presented are a composite of the ratings sourced from the agencies or, if the ratings cannot be sourced from the agencies, are based on the asset type of the particular security. All our held-to-maturity securities were current in their payment of principal and interest as of both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. We have not recorded any interest income reversals on our held-to-maturity securities during the six months ended June 30, 2023, or 2022.

	June 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
($ in millions)	AA		Total (a)		AA		Total (a)
Debt securities
Agency mortgage-backed residential	$	1,030	$	1,030	$	1,062	$	1,062
Total held-to-maturity securities	$	1,030	$	1,030	$	1,062	$	1,062

(a)Rating agencies indicate that they base their ratings on many quantitative and qualitative factors, which may include capital adequacy, liquidity, asset quality, business mix, level and quality of earnings, and the current operating, legislative, and regulatory environment. A credit rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold securities, and the ratings are subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating agency.

20

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

The following table summarizes available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position, which we evaluated to determine if a credit loss exists requiring the recognition of an allowance for credit losses. For additional information on our methodology, refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, we did not have the intent to sell the available-for-sale securities with an unrealized loss position and we do not believe it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell these securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis. We have not recorded any interest income reversals on our available-for-sale securities during the six months ended June 30, 2023, or 2022.

	June 30, 2023								December 31, 2022
	Less than 12 months				12 months or longer				Less than 12 months				12 months or longer
($ in millions)	Fair value		Unrealized loss		Fair value		Unrealized loss		Fair value		Unrealized loss		Fair value		Unrealized loss
Available-for-sale securities
Debt securities
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	$	9	$	(1)	$	2,019	$	(247)	$	529	$	(68)	$	1,487	$	(188)
U.S. States and political subdivisions	193		(3)		439		(78)		547		(55)		135		(27)
Foreign government	23		(1)		143		(11)		75		(4)		71		(8)
Agency mortgage-backed residential (a)	1,219		(64)		14,621		(2,888)		7,472		(892)		8,978		(2,146)
Mortgage-backed residential	259		(12)		3,867		(806)		1,985		(289)		2,287		(566)
Agency mortgage-backed commercial (a)	366		(19)		3,233		(796)		996		(124)		2,535		(721)
Asset-backed	49		(1)		328		(20)		162		(4)		272		(22)
Corporate debt	149		(5)		1,536		(194)		782		(67)		895		(146)
Total available-for-sale securities	$	2,267	$	(106)	$	26,186	$	(5,040)	$	12,548	$	(1,503)	$	16,660	$	(3,824)

(a)Includes basis adjustments for certain securities that are included in closed portfolios with active hedges under the portfolio layer method at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. The basis adjustments would be allocated to the amortized cost of specific securities within the pool if the hedge was dedesignated. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, management determined that there were no expected credit losses for securities in an unrealized loss position. This analysis considered a variety of factors including, but not limited to, performance indicators of the issuer, default rates, industry analyst reports, credit ratings, and other relevant information, which indicated that contractual cash flows are expected to occur. As a result of this evaluation, management determined that no credit reserves were required at June 30, 2023, or December 31, 2022.

21

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

7.    Finance Receivables and Loans, Net

The composition of finance receivables and loans reported at amortized cost basis was as follows.

($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Consumer automotive (a)	$	84,294	$	83,286
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance (b)	18,894		19,445
Mortgage — Legacy (c)	255		290
Total consumer mortgage	19,149		19,735
Consumer other
Personal Lending (d)	2,170		1,990
Credit Card	1,757		1,599
Total consumer other	3,927		3,589
Total consumer	107,370		106,610
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Automotive	16,293		14,595
Other	9,124		9,154
Commercial real estate	5,662		5,389
Total commercial	31,079		29,138
Total finance receivables and loans (e) (f)	$	138,449	$	135,748

(a)Certain finance receivables and loans are included in fair value hedging relationships. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.

(b)Includes loans originated as interest-only mortgage loans of $2 million and $3 million at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, of which all have exited the interest-only period.

(c)Includes loans originated as interest-only mortgage loans of $15 million and $17 million at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, of which all have exited the interest-only period.

(d)Includes $3 million of finance receivables at December 31, 2022, for which we have elected the fair value option.

(e)Totals include net unearned income, unamortized premiums and discounts, and deferred fees and costs of $2.3 billion at both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

(f)Totals do not include accrued interest receivable, which was $763 million and $707 million at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Accrued interest receivable is included in other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Billed interest on our credit card loans is included within finance receivables and loans, net.

The following tables present an analysis of the activity in the allowance for loan losses on finance receivables and loans for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

Three months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Consumer automotive		Consumer mortgage		Consumer other (a)		Commercial		Total
Allowance at April 1, 2023	$	3,022	$	23	$	455	$	251	$	3,751
Charge-offs (b)	(496)		(2)		(70)		(61)		(629)
Recoveries	219		3		7		1		230
Net charge-offs	(277)		1		(63)		(60)		(399)
Provision for credit losses (c)	320		(2)		84		27		429
Other	(1)		1		—		—		—
Allowance at June 30, 2023	$	3,064	$	23	$	476	$	218	$	3,781

(a)Excludes $2 million of finance receivables and loans at April 1, 2023, for which we have elected the fair value option and incorporate no allowance for loan losses.

(b)Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our charge-off policies.

(c)Excludes $2 million of benefit for credit losses related to our reserve for unfunded commitments. The liability related to the reserve for unfunded commitments is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

22

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Six months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Consumer automotive		Consumer mortgage		Consumer other (a)		Commercial		Total
Allowance at January 1, 2023	$	3,020	$	27	$	426	$	238	$	3,711
Charge-offs (b)	(1,032)		(3)		(134)		(61)		(1,230)
Recoveries	404		5		12		1		422
Net charge-offs	(628)		2		(122)		(60)		(808)
Provision for credit losses (c)	673		(6)		172		39		878
Other	(1)		—		—		1		—
Allowance at June 30, 2023	$	3,064	$	23	$	476	$	218	$	3,781

(a)Excludes $3 million of finance receivables and loans at January 1, 2023, for which we have elected the fair value option and incorporate no allowance for loan losses.

(b)Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our charge-off policies.

(c)Excludes $5 million of benefit for credit losses related to our reserve for unfunded commitments. The liability related to the reserve for unfunded commitments is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Three months ended June 30, 2022 ($ in millions)	Consumer automotive		Consumer mortgage		Consumer other (a)		Commercial		Total
Allowance at April 1, 2022	$	2,763	$	26	$	258	$	254	$	3,301
Charge-offs (b)	(277)		(1)		(27)		(26)		(331)
Recoveries	169		5		3		1		178
Net charge-offs	(108)		4		(24)		(25)		(153)
Provision for credit losses (c)	230		(3)		70		5		302
Other	—		(1)		(1)		2		—
Allowance at June 30, 2022	$	2,885	$	26	$	303	$	236	$	3,450

(a)Excludes $7 million of finance receivables and loans at both April 1, 2022, and June 30, 2022, for which we have elected the fair value option and incorporate no allowance for loan losses.

(b)Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our charge-off policies.

(c)Excludes $2 million of provision for credit losses related to our reserve for unfunded commitments. The liability related to the reserve for unfunded commitments is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Six months ended June 30, 2022 ($ in millions)	Consumer automotive		Consumer mortgage		Consumer other (a)		Commercial		Total
Allowance at January 1, 2022	$	2,769	$	27	$	221	$	250	$	3,267
Charge-offs (b)	(553)		(2)		(51)		(26)		(632)
Recoveries	332		8		4		2		346
Net charge-offs	(221)		6		(47)		(24)		(286)
Provision for credit losses (c)	337		(6)		129		9		469
Other	—		(1)		—		1		—
Allowance at June 30, 2022	$	2,885	$	26	$	303	$	236	$	3,450

(a)Excludes $7 million of finance receivables and loans at both January 1, 2022, and June 30, 2022, for which we have elected the fair value option and incorporate no allowance for loan losses.

(b)Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our charge-off policies.

(c)Excludes $2 million of provision for credit losses related to our reserve for unfunded commitments. The liability related to the reserve for unfunded commitments is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

The following table presents sales of finance receivables and loans and transfers of finance receivables and loans from held-for-investment to held-for-sale based on net carrying value.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Consumer mortgage	$	—	$	2	$	1	$	2
Total sales and transfers	$	—	$	2	$	1	$	2

23

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

The following table presents purchases of finance receivables and loans based on unpaid principal balance at the time of purchase.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Consumer automotive	$	1,080	$	1,558	$	1,838	$	2,051
Consumer mortgage	5		808		7		1,633
Commercial	—		1		7		1
Total purchases of finance receivables and loans	$	1,085	$	2,367	$	1,852	$	3,685

Nonaccrual Loans

The following tables present the amortized cost of our finance receivables and loans on nonaccrual status. All consumer or commercial finance receivables and loans that were 90 days or more past due were on nonaccrual status as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. Refer to Note 1 for additional information on our accounting policy for finance receivables and loans on nonaccrual status.

					June 30, 2023
($ in millions)	Nonaccrual status at Jan. 1, 2023		Nonaccrual status at Apr. 1, 2023		Nonaccrual status		Nonaccrual with no allowance (a)
Consumer automotive	$	1,187	$	1,110	$	1,098	$	501
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	34		34		38		20
Mortgage — Legacy	15		15		14		13
Total consumer mortgage	49		49		52		33
Consumer other
Personal Lending	13		12		11		—
Credit Card	43		54		55		—
Total consumer other	56		66		66		—
Total consumer	1,292		1,225		1,216		534
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Automotive	5		—		24		7
Other	157		159		161		5
Commercial real estate	—		—		3		—
Total commercial	162		159		188		12
Total finance receivables and loans (b)	$	1,454	$	1,384	$	1,404	$	546

(a)Represents a component of nonaccrual status at end of period.

(b)We recorded interest income from cash payments associated with finance receivables and loans on nonaccrual status of $4 million and $7 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively.

24

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

					December 31, 2022
($ in millions)	Nonaccrual status at Jan. 1, 2022		Nonaccrual status at Apr. 1, 2022		Nonaccrual status		Nonaccrual with no allowance (a)
Consumer automotive	$	1,078	$	1,072	$	1,187	$	445
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	59		51		34		25
Mortgage — Legacy	26		24		15		14
Total consumer mortgage	85		75		49		39
Consumer other
Personal Lending	5		6		13		—
Credit Card	11		14		43		—
Total consumer other	16		20		56		—
Total consumer	1,179		1,167		1,292		484
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Automotive	33		3		5		2
Other	221		217		157		33
Commercial real estate	3		1		—		—
Total commercial	257		221		162		35
Total finance receivables and loans (b)	$	1,436	$	1,388	$	1,454	$	519

(a)Represents a component of nonaccrual status at end of period.

(b)We recorded interest income from cash payments associated with finance receivables and loans on nonaccrual status of $3 million and $6 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.

25

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Credit Quality Indicators

We evaluate the credit quality of our consumer loan portfolio based on the aging status of the loan and by payment activity. Loan delinquency reporting is generally based upon borrower payment activity, relative to the contractual terms of the loan.

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of our consumer finance receivables and loans by credit quality indicator based on delinquency status and origination year.

	Origination year														Revolving loans converted to term
June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018 and prior		Revolving loans				Total
Consumer automotive
Current	$	16,474	$	30,508	$	17,946	$	8,098	$	4,757	$	3,199	$	—	$	—	$	80,982
30–59 days past due	133		905		755		294		210		175		—		—		2,472
60–89 days past due	36		323		298		113		73		57		—		—		900
90 or more days past due	10		117		102		41		31		33		—		—		334
Total consumer automotive (a)	16,653		31,853		19,101		8,546		5,071		3,464		—		—		84,688
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance
Current	62		2,233		10,641		1,885		769		3,223		—		—		18,813
30–59 days past due	—		7		8		5		5		18		—		—		43
60–89 days past due	—		1		4		—		—		8		—		—		13
90 or more days past due	—		1		4		—		3		17		—		—		25
Total Mortgage Finance	62		2,242		10,657		1,890		777		3,266		—		—		18,894
Mortgage — Legacy
Current	—		—		—		—		—		58		164		17		239
30–59 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		2		2		1		5
60–89 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		1		—		—		1
90 or more days past due	—		—		—		—		—		7		1		2		10
Total Mortgage — Legacy	—		—		—		—		—		68		167		20		255
Total consumer mortgage	62		2,242		10,657		1,890		777		3,334		167		20		19,149
Consumer other
Personal Lending
Current	716		1,093		277		32		3		—		—		—		2,121
30–59 days past due	4		13		4		1		—		—		—		—		22
60–89 days past due	2		10		4		—		—		—		—		—		16
90 or more days past due	1		7		3		—		—		—		—		—		11
Total Personal Lending	723		1,123		288		33		3		—		—		—		2,170
Credit Card
Current	—		—		—		—		—		—		1,654		—		1,654
30–59 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		27		—		27
60–89 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		24		—		24
90 or more days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		52		—		52
Total Credit Card	—		—		—		—		—		—		1,757		—		1,757
Total consumer other	723		1,123		288		33		3		—		1,757		—		3,927
Total consumer	$	17,438	$	35,218	$	30,046	$	10,469	$	5,851	$	6,798	$	1,924	$	20	$	107,764

(a)Certain consumer automotive loans are included in fair value hedging relationships. The amortized cost excludes a liability of $394 million related to basis adjustments for loans in closed portfolios with active hedges under the portfolio layer method at June 30, 2023. These basis adjustments would be allocated to the amortized cost of specific loans within the pool if the hedge was dedesignated. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.

26

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

	Origination year														Revolving loans converted to term
December 31, 2022 ($ in millions)	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017 and prior		Revolving loans				Total
Consumer automotive
Current	$	36,127	$	22,102	$	10,341	$	6,451	$	3,237	$	1,890	$	—	$	—	$	80,148
30–59 days past due	707		878		370		284		165		120		—		—		2,524
60–89 days past due	207		324		135		99		55		38		—		—		858
90 or more days past due	73		111		47		38		23		24		—		—		316
Total consumer automotive (a)	37,114		23,415		10,893		6,872		3,480		2,072		—		—		83,846
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance
Current	2,292		10,893		1,946		815		577		2,805		—		—		19,328
30–59 days past due	15		29		4		3		4		26		—		—		81
60–89 days past due	2		4		—		1		1		3		—		—		11
90 or more days past due	—		1		—		2		8		14		—		—		25
Total Mortgage Finance	2,309		10,927		1,950		821		590		2,848		—		—		19,445
Mortgage — Legacy
Current	—		—		—		—		—		62		191		18		271
30–59 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		4		1		—		5
60–89 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		1		1
90 or more days past due	—		—		—		—		—		8		3		2		13
Total Mortgage — Legacy	—		—		—		—		—		74		195		21		290
Total consumer mortgage	2,309		10,927		1,950		821		590		2,922		195		21		19,735
Consumer other
Personal Lending
Current	1,492		392		48		5		1		—		—		—		1,938
30–59 days past due	14		6		1		—		—		—		—		—		21
60–89 days past due	9		5		1		—		—		—		—		—		15
90 or more days past due	8		5		—		—		—		—		—		—		13
Total Personal Lending (b)	1,523		408		50		5		1		—		—		—		1,987
Credit Card
Current	—		—		—		—		—		—		1,518		—		1,518
30–59 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		22		—		22
60–89 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		18		—		18
90 or more days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		41		—		41
Total Credit Card	—		—		—		—		—		—		1,599		—		1,599
Total consumer other	1,523		408		50		5		1		—		1,599		—		3,586
Total consumer	$	40,946	$	34,750	$	12,893	$	7,698	$	4,071	$	4,994	$	1,794	$	21	$	107,167

(a)Certain consumer automotive loans are included in fair value hedging relationships. The amortized cost excludes a liability of $560 million related to basis adjustments for loans in closed portfolios with active hedges under the portfolio layer method at December 31, 2022. These basis adjustments would be allocated to the amortized cost of specific loans within the pool if the hedge was dedesignated. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.

(b)Excludes $3 million of finance receivables at December 31, 2022, for which we have elected the fair value option.

We evaluate the credit quality of our commercial loan portfolio using regulatory risk ratings, which are based on relevant information about the borrower’s financial condition, including current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, and current economic trends, among other factors. We use the following definitions for risk rankings below Pass.

•Special mention — Loans that have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or the institution’s credit position at some future date.

27

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

•Substandard — Loans that are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. These loans have a well-defined weakness or weakness that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

•Doubtful — Loans that have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the additional characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, based on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

•Loss — Loans that are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset even though partial recovery may be effected in the future.

The regulatory risk classification utilized is influenced by internal credit risk ratings, which are based on a variety of factors. A borrower’s internal credit risk rating is updated at least annually, and more frequently when a borrower’s credit profile changes, including when we become aware of potential credit deterioration. The following tables present the amortized cost basis of our commercial finance receivables and loans by credit quality indicator based on risk rating and origination year.

	Origination year														Revolving loans converted to term
June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018 and prior		Revolving loans				Total
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Automotive
Pass	$	271	$	560	$	189	$	112	$	68	$	44	$	13,877	$	—	$	15,121
Special mention	2		19		45		—		—		24		1,016		—		1,106
Substandard	—		1		—		—		—		—		49		—		50
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		16		—		16
Total automotive	273		580		234		112		68		68		14,958		—		16,293
Other
Pass	185		553		377		306		360		206		5,611		147		7,745
Special mention	—		233		175		195		51		154		281		24		1,113
Substandard	—		—		23		3		27		120		42		15		230
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		26		3		—		29
Loss (a)	—		—		—		—		7		—		—		—		7
Total other	185		786		575		504		445		506		5,937		186		9,124
Commercial real estate
Pass	385		1,529		1,161		929		662		895		9		31		5,601
Special mention	—		7		31		2		18		—		—		—		58
Substandard	—		2		—		—		—		1		—		—		3
Total commercial real estate	385		1,538		1,192		931		680		896		9		31		5,662
Total commercial	$	843	$	2,904	$	2,001	$	1,547	$	1,193	$	1,470	$	20,904	$	217	$	31,079

(a)During the three months ended June 30, 2023, we incurred a $56 million charge-off of one exposure within our commercial and industrial loan portfolio class. The $7 million risk-rated as a loss relates to the remaining amortized cost of this exposure which we expect to collect in full.

28

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

	Origination year														Revolving loans converted to term
December 31, 2022 ($ in millions)	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017 and prior		Revolving loans				Total
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Automotive
Pass	$	640	$	211	$	132	$	78	$	28	$	34	$	12,327	$	—	$	13,450
Special mention	23		47		—		—		10		21		1,016		—		1,117
Substandard	—		—		—		1		—		—		27		—		28
Total automotive	663		258		132		79		38		55		13,370		—		14,595
Other
Pass	594		469		607		419		54		133		5,344		89		7,709
Special mention	177		158		175		95		47		128		278		35		1,093
Substandard	—		—		4		51		—		139		55		13		262
Doubtful	—		—		—		64		—		25		—		—		89
Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		1		—		1
Total other	771		627		786		629		101		425		5,678		137		9,154
Commercial real estate
Pass	1,481		1,118		951		679		369		716		9		13		5,336
Special mention	—		32		2		19		—		—		—		—		53
Total commercial real estate	1,481		1,150		953		698		369		716		9		13		5,389
Total commercial	$	2,915	$	2,035	$	1,871	$	1,406	$	508	$	1,196	$	19,057	$	150	$	29,138

The following table presents an analysis of our past-due commercial finance receivables and loans recorded at amortized cost basis.

($ in millions)	30–59 days past due		60–89 days past due		90 days or more past due		Total past due		Current		Total finance receivables and loans
June 30, 2023
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Automotive	$	12	$	—	$	—	$	12	$	16,281	$	16,293
Other	1		—		7		8		9,116		9,124
Commercial real estate	—		—		—		—		5,662		5,662
Total commercial	$	13	$	—	$	7	$	20	$	31,059	$	31,079
December 31, 2022
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Automotive	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	14,595	$	14,595
Other	—		1		2		3		9,151		9,154
Commercial real estate	—		—		—		—		5,389		5,389
Total commercial	$	—	$	1	$	2	$	3	$	29,135	$	29,138

29

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

The following table presents gross charge-offs of our finance receivables and loans for each portfolio class by origination year that occurred during the six months ended June 30, 2023. Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information on our charge-off policy.

	Origination year														Revolving loans converted to term
Six months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018 and prior		Revolving loans				Total
Consumer automotive	$	21	$	437	$	329	$	102	$	76	$	67	$	—	$	—	$	1,032
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	—		—		—		—		—		1		—		—		1
Mortgage — Legacy	—		—		—		—		—		2		—		—		2
Total consumer mortgage	—		—		—		—		—		3		—		—		3
Consumer other
Personal Lending	1		40		17		2		—		—		—		—		60
Credit Card	—		—		—		—		—		—		70		4		74
Total consumer other	1		40		17		2		—		—		70		4		134
Total consumer	22		477		346		104		76		70		70		4		1,169
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Automotive	—		—		—		—		—		—		4		—		4
Other	—		—		—		—		57		—		—		—		57
Total commercial	—		—		—		—		57		—		4		—		61
Total finance receivables and loans	$	22	$	477	$	346	$	104	$	133	$	70	$	74	$	4	$	1,230

30

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Loan Modifications

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans that were modified subsequent to origination during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, for each portfolio segment, by modification type. For additional information on loan modification types in scope of this disclosure, refer to Note 1. The below tables exclude consumer mortgage finance receivables and loans currently enrolled in a trial modification program. Trial modifications generally represent a three-month period during which the borrower makes monthly payments under the anticipated modified payment terms. If the borrower successfully completes the trial loan modification program, the contractual terms of the loan are updated and the modification is considered permanent. As of June 30, 2023, there were $4 million of consumer mortgage finance receivables and loans in a trial modification program.

	Payment extensions
Three months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Payment deferrals		Contractual maturity extensions		Principal forgiveness		Interest rate concessions		Combination		Total
Consumer automotive	$	—	$	25	$	12	$	—	$	—	$	37
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	—		—		—		—		1		1
Total consumer mortgage	—		—		—		—		1		1
Consumer other
Credit Card	—		—		—		3		—		3
Total consumer other	—		—		—		3		—		3
Total consumer	—		25		12		3		1		41
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Other	36		36		—		—		—		72
Total commercial	36		36		—		—		—		72
Total finance receivables and loans	$	36	$	61	$	12	$	3	$	1	$	113

	Payment extensions
Six months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Payment deferrals		Contractual maturity extensions		Principal forgiveness		Interest rate concessions		Combination		Total (a)
Consumer automotive	$	—	$	40	$	14	$	—	$	33	$	87
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	—		2		—		—		2		4
Mortgage — Legacy	—		1		—		—		—		1
Total consumer mortgage	—		3		—		—		2		5
Consumer other
Credit Card	—		—		—		6		—		6
Total consumer other	—		—		—		6		—		6
Total consumer	—		43		14		6		35		98
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Other	64		43		—		—		—		107
Total commercial	64		43		—		—		—		107
Total finance receivables and loans	$	64	$	86	$	14	$	6	$	35	$	205

(a)Represents 0.1% of total finance receivables and loans outstanding as of June 30, 2023.

31

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

The following tables present the financial effect of loan modifications that occurred during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023.

	Payment extensions (a)	Principal forgiveness		Interest rate concessions (a)				Combination (a) (b) (c)
Three months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Number of months extended/deferred	Amount forgiven		Initial rate		Revised rate		Remaining term	Revised remaining term	Initial rate		Revised rate
Consumer automotive	26	$	2	—	%	—	%	—	—	—	%	—	%
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	—	—		—		—		294	480	4.0		2.0
Total consumer mortgage	—	—		—		—		294	480	4.0		2.0
Consumer other
Credit Card	—	—		30.3		10.9		—	—	—		—
Total consumer other	—	—		30.3		10.9		—	—	—		—
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Other	6	—		—		—		—	—	—		—
Total commercial	6	$	—	—		—		—	—	—		—

(a)Calculated using a weighted-average balance for each portfolio class.

(b)Term is presented in number of months.

(c)Some Mortgage Finance combination loan modifications include deferrals of principal. The weighted average number of months deferred for these loans was 186 months.

	Payment extensions (a)	Principal forgiveness		Interest rate concessions (a)				Combination (a) (b) (c)
Six months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Number of months extended/deferred	Amount forgiven		Initial rate		Revised rate		Remaining term	Revised remaining term	Initial rate		Revised rate
Consumer automotive	25	$	2	—	%	—	%	75	85	10.4	%	9.8	%
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	174	—		—		—		309	470	4.6		3.4
Mortgage — Legacy	96	—		—		—		—	—	—		—
Total consumer mortgage	146	—		—		—		309	470	4.6		3.4
Consumer other
Credit Card	—	—		30.0		9.0		—	—	—		—
Total consumer other	—	—		30.0		9.0		—	—	—		—
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Other	12	—		—		—		—	—	—		—
Total commercial	12	$	—	—		—		—	—	—		—

(a)Calculated using a weighted-average balance for each portfolio class.

(b)Term is presented in number of months.

(c)Some Mortgage Finance combination loan modifications include deferrals of principal. The weighted average number of months deferred for these loans was 186 months.

32

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

The following tables present the subsequent performance of loans recorded at amortized cost, by portfolio segment and credit quality indicator, that have been modified during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023.

Three months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Current		30–59 days past due		60–89 days past due		90 or more days past due		Total
Consumer automotive
Contractual maturity extensions	$	24	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	25
Principal forgiveness	10		1		—		1		12
Total consumer automotive (a)	34		2		—		1		37
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance
Combination	1		—		—		—		1
Total Mortgage Finance	1		—		—		—		1
Total consumer mortgage	1		—		—		—		1
Consumer other
Credit Card
Interest rate concessions	1		1		—		1		3
Total consumer other	1		1		—		1		3
Total consumer	$	36	$	3	$	—	$	2	$	41

(a)During the three months ended June 30, 2023, 29 consumer automotive loans with a total amortized cost of $1 million have redefaulted.

Three months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Pass		Special mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
Commercial and industrial
Other
Payment deferrals	$	—	$	—	$	36	$	—	$	36
Contractual maturity extensions	31		—		5		—		36
Total commercial	$	31	$	—	$	41	$	—	$	72

33

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Six months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Current		30–59 days past due		60–89 days past due		90 or more days past due		Total
Consumer automotive
Contractual maturity extensions	$	38	$	2	$	—	$	—	$	40
Principal forgiveness	10		1		—		3		14
Combination	31		2		—		—		33
Total consumer automotive (a)	79		5		—		3		87
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance
Contractual maturity extensions	2		—		—		—		2
Combination	—		—		2		—		2
Total Mortgage Finance	2		—		2		—		4
Mortgage — Legacy
Contractual maturity extensions	1		—		—		—		1
Total Mortgage — Legacy	1		—		—		—		1
Total consumer mortgage	3		—		2		—		5
Consumer other
Credit Card
Interest rate concessions	3		1		1		1		6
Total consumer other	3		1		1		1		6
Total consumer	$	85	$	6	$	3	$	4	$	98

(a)During the six months ended June 30, 2023, 41 consumer automotive loans with a total amortized cost of $1 million have redefaulted.

Six months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Pass		Special mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
Commercial and industrial
Other
Payment deferrals	$	—	$	—	$	36	$	28	$	64
Contractual maturity extensions	31		7		5		—		43
Total commercial	$	31	$	7	$	41	$	28	$	107

Troubled Debt Restructuring Disclosures Prior to the Adoption of ASU 2022-02

The adoption of ASU 2022-02 eliminated TDR recognition and measurement guidance, as well as all TDR-related disclosures. Refer to Note 1 for additional information. TDRs were loan modifications where concessions were granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. Total TDRs recorded at amortized cost were $2.4 billion at December 31, 2022.

34

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

The following tables present information related to finance receivables and loans recorded at amortized cost modified in connection with a TDR during the period.

Three months ended June 30, 2022 ($ in millions)	Number of loans	Pre-modification amortized cost basis		Post-modification amortized cost basis
Consumer automotive	12,928	$	213	$	206
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	3	2		2
Mortgage — Legacy	3	—		—
Total consumer mortgage	6	2		2
Consumer other
Credit Card	743	1		1
Total consumer other	743	1		1
Total consumer	13,677	216		209
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Other	3	377		377
Total commercial	3	377		377
Total finance receivables and loans	13,680	$	593	$	586

Six months ended June 30, 2022 ($ in millions)	Number of loans	Pre-modification amortized cost basis		Post-modification amortized cost basis
Consumer automotive	26,379	$	444	$	433
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	9	7		7
Mortgage — Legacy	7	1		1
Total consumer mortgage	16	8		8
Consumer other
Credit Card	1,094	2		2
Total consumer other	1,094	2		2
Total consumer	27,489	454		443
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Other	4	411		411
Total commercial	4	411		411
Total finance receivables and loans	27,493	$	865	$	854

35

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

The following tables present information about finance receivables and loans recorded at amortized cost that have redefaulted during the reporting period and were within 12 months or less of being modified as a TDR. Redefault is when finance receivables and loans meet the requirements for evaluation under our charge-off policy except for commercial finance receivables and loans, where redefault is defined as 90 days past due.

Three months ended June 30, 2022 ($ in millions)	Number of loans	Amortized cost		Charge-off amount
Consumer automotive	2,138	$	35	$	14
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	1	—		—
Total consumer mortgage	1	—		—
Consumer other
Credit Card	79	—		—
Total consumer other	79	—		—
Total finance receivables and loans	2,218	$	35	$	14

Six months ended June 30, 2022 ($ in millions)	Number of loans	Amortized cost		Charge-off amount
Consumer automotive	4,249	$	66	$	27
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	3	2		—
Total consumer mortgage	3	2		—
Consumer Other
Credit Card	79	—		—
Total consumer other	79	—		—
Total finance receivables and loans	4,331	$	68	$	27

8.    Leasing

Ally as the Lessee

We have operating leases for certain of our corporate facilities, which have remaining lease terms of 2 months to 8 years. Most of the property leases have fixed payment terms with annual fixed-escalation clauses and include options to extend or terminate the lease. We do not include these term extensions or termination provisions in our estimates of the lease term if we do not consider it reasonably certain that the options will be exercised.

We also have operating leases for a fleet of vehicles that is used by our sales force for business purposes, with noncancelable lease terms of 367 days. Thereafter, the leases are month-to-month, up to a maximum of 48 months from inception.

During the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, we paid $8 million and $16 million, respectively, in cash for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities at June 30, 2023, compared to $9 million and $19 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022, in cash for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities at June 30, 2022. These amounts are included in net cash provided by operating activities in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, we obtained $1 million and $21 million, respectively, of ROU assets in exchange for new lease liabilities. As of June 30, 2023, the weighted-average remaining lease term of our operating lease portfolio was 5 years, and the weighted-average discount rate was 2.61%, compared to 5 years and 2.57% as of December 31, 2022.

36

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

The following table presents future minimum rental payments we are required to make under operating leases that have commenced as of June 30, 2023, and that have noncancelable lease terms expiring after June 30, 2023.

($ in millions)
2023	$	17
2024	32
2025	26
2026	21
2027	16
2028 and thereafter	18
Total undiscounted cash flows	130
Difference between undiscounted cash flows and discounted cash flows	(8)
Total lease liability	$	122

The following table details the components of total net operating lease expense.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease expense	$	7	$	9	$	14	$	17
Variable lease expense	1		1		2		2
Total lease expense, net (a)	$	8	$	10	$	16	$	19

(a)Included in other operating expenses in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

Ally as the Lessor

Investment in Operating Leases

We purchase consumer operating lease contracts and the associated vehicles from dealerships after those contracts are executed by the dealers and the consumers. The amount we pay a dealer for an operating lease contract is based on the negotiated price for the vehicle less vehicle trade-in, down payment from the consumer, and available automotive manufacturer incentives. Under the operating lease, the consumer is obligated to make payments in amounts equal to the amount by which the negotiated purchase price of the vehicle (less any trade-in value, down payment, or available manufacturer incentives) exceeds the contract residual value (including residual support) of the vehicle at lease termination, plus operating lease rental charges. The customer can terminate the lease at any point after commencement, subject to additional charges and fees. Both the consumer and the dealership have the option to purchase the vehicle at the end of the lease term, which generally range from 24 to 60 months, at the residual value of the vehicle, however it is not reasonably certain this option will be exercised and accordingly our consumer leases are classified as operating leases. In addition to the charges described above, the consumer is generally responsible for certain charges related to excess mileage or excessive wear and tear on the vehicle. These charges are deemed variable lease payments and, as these payments are not based on a rate or index, they are recognized as net depreciation expense on operating lease assets in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income as incurred.

When we acquire a consumer operating lease, we assume ownership of the vehicle from the dealer. We require that property damage, bodily injury, collision, and comprehensive insurance be obtained by the lessee on all consumer operating leases. Neither the consumer nor the dealer is responsible for the value of the vehicle at the time of lease termination. When vehicles are not purchased by customers or the receiving dealer at scheduled lease termination, the vehicle is returned to us for remarketing. We generally bear the risk of loss to the extent the value of a leased vehicle upon remarketing is below the expected residual value. At termination, our actual sales proceeds from remarketing the vehicle may be higher or lower than the estimated residual value resulting in a gain or loss on remarketing, which is included in net depreciation expense on operating lease assets in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. Excessive mileage or excessive wear and tear on the vehicle during the lease may impact the sales proceeds received upon remarketing. As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, consumer operating leases with a carrying value, net of accumulated depreciation, of $30 million and $56 million, respectively, were covered by a residual value guarantee of 15% of the manufacturer’s suggested retail price.

37

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

The following table details our investment in operating leases.

($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Vehicles	$	11,854	$	12,304
Accumulated depreciation	(1,924)		(1,860)
Investment in operating leases, net	$	9,930	$	10,444

The following table presents future minimum rental payments we have the right to receive under operating leases with noncancelable lease terms expiring after June 30, 2023.

($ in millions)
2023	$	802
2024	1,157
2025	639
2026	227
2027	31
2028 and thereafter	1
Total lease payments from operating leases	$	2,857

We recognized operating lease revenue of $392 million and $794 million for the three months and six months ended, June 30, 2023, respectively, and $396 million and $799 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. Depreciation expense on operating lease assets includes net remarketing gains recognized on the sale of operating lease assets. The following table summarizes the components of depreciation expense on operating lease assets.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Depreciation expense on operating lease assets (excluding remarketing gains) (a)	$	270	$	269	$	543	$	536
Remarketing gains, net	(70)		(50)		(117)		(100)
Net depreciation expense on operating lease assets	$	200	$	219	$	426	$	436

(a)Includes variable lease payments related to excess mileage and excessive wear and tear on vehicles of $2 million during both the three months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, and $4 million during both the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022.

Finance Leases

In our Automotive Finance operations, we also hold automotive leases that require finance lease treatment as prescribed by ASC Topic 842, Leases. Our total gross investment in finance leases, which is included in finance receivables and loans, net, on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet was $536 million and $481 million as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. This includes lease payment receivables of $524 million and $468 million at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, and unguaranteed residual assets of $12 million at June 30, 2023, and $13 million at December 31, 2022. Interest income on finance lease receivables was $9 million and $18 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and $7 million and $14 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022, and is included in interest and fees on finance receivables and loans in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

38

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

The following table presents future minimum rental payments we have the right to receive under finance leases with noncancelable lease terms expiring after June 30, 2023.

($ in millions)
2023	$	95
2024	166
2025	144
2026	106
2027	51
2028 and thereafter	24
Total undiscounted cash flows	586
Difference between undiscounted cash flows and discounted cash flows	(62)
Present value of lease payments recorded as lease receivable	$	524

9.    Securitizations and Variable Interest Entities

We securitize, transfer, and service consumer automotive loans. We often securitize these loans (also referred to as financial assets) using SPEs. An SPE is a legal entity that is designed to fulfill a specified limited need of the sponsor. Our principal use of SPEs is to obtain liquidity by securitizing certain of our financial assets. SPEs are often VIEs and may or may not be included on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Additionally, we opportunistically sell consumer automotive and credit card whole-loans to SPEs where we have a continuing involvement.

VIEs are legal entities that either have an insufficient amount of equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or, as a group, the holders of the equity investment at risk lack the ability to control the entity’s activities that most significantly impact economic performance through voting or similar rights, or do not have the obligation to absorb the expected losses or the right to receive expected residual returns of the entity.

The VIEs included on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet represent SPEs where we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary, primarily due to our servicing activities and our beneficial interests in the VIE that could be potentially significant.

The nature, purpose, and activities of nonconsolidated SPEs are similar to those of our consolidated SPEs with the primary difference being the nature and extent of our continuing involvement. For nonconsolidated SPEs, the transferred financial assets are removed from our balance sheet provided the conditions for sale accounting are met. The financial assets obtained from the sale are primarily reported as cash or retained interests (if applicable). Liabilities incurred as part of these sales, are recorded at fair value at the time of sale and are reported as accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Upon the sale of the loans, we recognize a gain or loss on sale for the difference between the assets recognized, the assets derecognized, and the liabilities recognized as part of the transaction. With respect to our ongoing right to service the assets we sell, the servicing fee we receive represents adequate compensation, and consequently, we do not recognize a servicing asset or liability.

The pretax gain on sales of financial assets into nonconsolidated VIEs was $1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. We had no pretax gains or losses on sales of financial assets into nonconsolidated VIEs during the three months ended June 30, 2023, and during both the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022.

We provide long-term guarantee contracts to investors in certain nonconsolidated affordable housing entities and have extended a line of credit to provide liquidity. Since we do not have control over the entities or the power to make decisions, we do not consolidate the entities and our involvement is limited to the guarantee and the line of credit.

We are involved with various other nonconsolidated equity investments, including affordable housing entities and venture capital funds and loan funds. We do not consolidate these entities and our involvement is limited to our outstanding investment, additional capital committed to these funds plus any previously recognized low-income housing tax credits that are subject to recapture.

Refer to Note 1 and Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for further description of our securitization activities and our involvement with VIEs.

39

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

The following table presents our involvement in consolidated and nonconsolidated VIEs in which we hold variable interests. We have excluded certain transactions with nonconsolidated entities from the balances presented in the table below, where our only continuing involvement relates to financial interests obtained through the ordinary course of business, primarily from lending and investing arrangements. For additional detail related to the assets and liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities refer to the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

($ in millions)	Carrying value of total assets			Carrying value of total liabilities			Assets sold to nonconsolidated VIEs (a)		Maximum exposure to loss in nonconsolidated VIEs
June 30, 2023
On-balance sheet variable interest entities
Consumer automotive	$	20,272	(b)	$	2,824	(c)	$	—	$	—
Off-balance sheet variable interest entities
Consumer automotive	—			—			653		653		(d)
Consumer other (e)	—			—			130		130
Commercial other	2,283		(f)	865		(g)	—		2,817		(h)
Total	$	22,555		$	3,689		$	783	$	3,600
December 31, 2022
On-balance sheet variable interest entities
Consumer automotive	$	20,415	(b)	$	2,553	(c)	$	—	$	—
Off-balance sheet variable interest entities
Consumer automotive	—			—			$	227	$	227	(d)
Consumer other (e)	—			—			103		103
Commercial other	2,199		(f)	873		(g)	—		2,767		(h)
Total	$	22,614		$	3,426		$	330	$	3,097

(a)Asset values represent the current unpaid principal balance of outstanding consumer automotive and credit card finance receivables and loans within the VIEs.

(b)Includes $10.1 billion and $10.6 billion of assets that were not encumbered by VIE beneficial interests held by third parties at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Ally or consolidated affiliates hold the interests in these assets.

(c)Includes $108 million and $113 million of liabilities that were not obligations to third-party beneficial interest holders at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

(d)Maximum exposure to loss represents the current unpaid principal balance of outstanding loans based on our customary representation and warranty provisions. This measure is based on the unlikely event that all the loans have underwriting defects or other defects that trigger a representation and warranty provision and the collateral supporting the loans are worthless. This required disclosure is not an indication of our expected loss.

(e)Represents balances from Ally Credit Card.

(f)Amounts are classified as other assets except for $43 million and $38 million classified as equity securities at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

(g)Amounts are classified as accrued expenses and other liabilities.

(h)For certain nonconsolidated affordable housing entities, maximum exposure to loss represents the yield we guaranteed investors through long-term guarantee contracts. The amount disclosed is based on the unlikely event that the yield delivered to investors in the form of low-income tax housing credits is recaptured. For nonconsolidated equity investments, maximum exposure to loss represents our outstanding investment, additional committed capital, and low-income housing tax credits subject to recapture. The amount disclosed is based on the unlikely event that our committed capital is funded, our investments become worthless, and the tax credits previously delivered to us are recaptured. This required disclosure is not an indication of our expected loss.

40

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Cash Flows with Nonconsolidated Special-Purpose Entities

The following table summarizes cash flows received and paid related to SPEs and asset-backed financings where the transfer is accounted for as a sale and we have a continuing involvement with the transferred consumer automotive and credit card assets (for example, servicing) that were outstanding during the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022. Additionally, this table contains information regarding cash flows received from and paid to nonconsolidated SPEs that existed during each period.

	Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022
Consumer automotive
Cash proceeds from transfers completed during the period	$	477	$	2
Servicing fees	6		—
Consumer other (a)
Cash proceeds from transfers completed during the period	75		45
Servicing fees	5		4
Total	$	563	$	51

(a)Represents activity from Ally Credit Card.

Delinquencies and Net Credit Losses

The following tables present quantitative information about off-balance sheet whole-loan sales where we have continuing involvement.

	Total amount				Amount 60 days or more past due
($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Whole-loan sales (a)
Consumer automotive	$	653	$	227	$	16	$	2
Consumer other	130		103		12		8
Total	$	783	$	330	$	28	$	10

(a)Whole-loan sales are not part of a securitization transaction, but represent consumer automotive and credit card pools of loans sold to third-party investors.

	Net credit losses
	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Whole-loan sales (a)
Consumer automotive	$	3	$	—	$	4	$	—
Consumer other	8		—		13		—
Total	$	11	$	—	$	17	$	—

(a)Whole-loan sales are not part of a securitization transaction, but represent consumer automotive and credit card pools of loans sold to third-party investors.

41

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

10.    Other Assets

The components of other assets were as follows.

($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Property and equipment at cost	$	2,435	$	2,352
Accumulated depreciation	(1,154)		(1,076)
Net property and equipment	1,281		1,276
Investment in qualified affordable housing projects (a)	1,642		1,596
Net deferred tax assets	1,087		1,087
Nonmarketable equity investments	870		842
Accrued interest, fees, and rent receivables	847		786
Goodwill	822		822
Equity-method investments (b)	621		608
Restricted cash held for securitization trusts (c)	590		585
Other accounts receivable	155		164
Operating lease right-of-use assets	98		111
Net intangible assets	85		98
Restricted cash and cash equivalents (d)	76		66
Other assets	979		1,097
Total other assets	$	9,153	$	9,138

(a)Presented gross of the associated unfunded commitment. Refer to Note 13 for further information.

(b)Primarily relates to investments made in connection with our CRA program.

(c)Includes restricted cash collected from customer payments on securitized receivables, which are distributed by us to investors as payments on the related secured debt, and cash reserve deposits utilized as a form of credit enhancement for various securitization transactions.

(d)Primarily represents a number of arrangements with third parties where certain restrictions are placed on balances we hold due to collateral agreements associated with operational processes with a third-party bank, or letter of credit arrangements and corresponding collateral requirements.

The total carrying value of the nonmarketable equity investments held at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, including cumulative unrealized gains and losses, was as follows.

($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
FRB stock	$	415	$	401
FHLB stock	339		318
Equity investments without a readily determinable fair value
Cost basis at acquisition	92		89
Adjustments
Upward adjustments	184		177
Downward adjustments (including impairment)	(160)		(143)
Carrying amount, equity investments without a readily determinable fair value	116		123
Nonmarketable equity investments	$	870	$	842

During the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, respectively, unrealized gains and losses included in the carrying value of the nonmarketable equity investments still held as of June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, were as follows.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Upward adjustments	$	1	$	—	$	7	$	1
Downward adjustments (including impairment) (a)	$	—	$	—	$	(17)	$	(3)

(a)No impairment on FHLB and FRB stock was recognized during both the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022.

42

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Total gain (loss) on nonmarketable equity investments, net, which includes both realized and unrealized gains and losses, was a loss of $11 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to gains of $3 million and $2 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.

The carrying balance of goodwill by reportable operating segment was as follows.

($ in millions)	Automotive Finance operations		Insurance operations		Corporate and Other (a)		Total
Goodwill at December 31, 2021	$	20	$	27	$	775	$	822
Goodwill acquired	—		—		—		—
Goodwill at December 31, 2022	$	20	$	27	$	775	$	822
Goodwill acquired	—		—		—		—
Goodwill at June 30, 2023	$	20	$	27	$	775	$	822

(a)Includes $479 million of goodwill associated with Ally Credit Card at both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, $153 million of goodwill associated with Ally Lending at both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, and $143 million of goodwill associated with Ally Invest at both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

The net carrying value of intangible assets by class was as follows.

	June 30, 2023 (a)						December 31, 2022
($ in millions)	Gross intangible assets		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying value		Gross intangible assets		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying value
Technology	$	122	$	(61)	$	61	$	122	$	(53)	$	69
Customer lists	58		(54)		4		58		(51)		7
Purchased credit card relationships	25		(6)		19		25		(4)		21
Trademarks	2		(1)		1		2		(1)		1
Total intangible assets	$	207	$	(122)	$	85	$	207	$	(109)	$	98

(a)We expect to recognize amortization expense of $12 million during the remainder of 2023, $19 million in 2024, and $14 million per year for 2025, 2026, and 2027.

11.    Deposit Liabilities

Deposit liabilities consisted of the following.

($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Noninterest-bearing deposits	$	160	$	185
Interest-bearing deposits
Savings, money market, and checking accounts	98,841		110,776
Certificates of deposit	55,309		41,336
Total deposit liabilities	$	154,310	$	152,297

At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, certificates of deposit included $6.9 billion and $5.6 billion, respectively, of those in denominations in excess of $250 thousand.

43

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

12.    Debt

Short-Term Borrowings

The following table presents the composition of our short-term borrowings portfolio.

	June 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
($ in millions)	Unsecured		Secured (a)		Total		Unsecured		Secured (a)		Total
Federal Home Loan Bank	$	—	$	1,200	$	1,200	$	—	$	1,900	$	1,900
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	—		994		994		—		499		499
Total short-term borrowings	$	—	$	2,194	$	2,194	$	—	$	2,399	$	2,399

(a)Refer to the section below titled Long-Term Debt for further details on assets restricted as collateral for payment of the related debt.

We periodically enter into term repurchase agreements—short-term borrowing agreements in which we sell securities to one or more investors while simultaneously committing to repurchase them at a specified future date, at the stated price plus accrued interest. As of June 30, 2023, the securities sold under agreements to repurchase consisted of $994 million of agency mortgage-backed residential debt securities, of which $742 million are set to mature within 30 days, and $252 million are set to mature within 31 to 60 days. Refer to Note 6 and Note 21 for further details.

The primary risk associated with these repurchase agreements is that the counterparty will be unable to perform under the terms of the contract. As the borrower, we are exposed to the excess market value of the securities pledged over the amount borrowed. Daily mark-to-market collateral management is designed to limit this risk to the initial margin. However, should a counterparty declare bankruptcy or become insolvent, we may incur additional delays and costs. In some instances, we may place or receive cash collateral with counterparties under collateral arrangements associated with our repurchase agreements. At June 30, 2023, we placed cash collateral of $3 million subsequent to the execution of the repurchase agreements, and received cash collateral of $2 million. At December 31, 2022, we placed cash collateral of $1 million subsequent to the execution of the repurchase agreements, and we did not receive any collateral.

Long-Term Debt

The following tables present the composition of our long-term debt portfolio.

	June 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
($ in millions)	Unsecured		Secured		Total		Unsecured		Secured		Total
Long-term debt (a)
Due within one year	$	1,948	$	3,208	$	5,156	$	2,023	$	2,395	$	4,418
Due after one year	8,820		6,165		14,985		8,014		5,330		13,344
Total long-term debt (b)	$	10,768	$	9,373	$	20,141	$	10,037	$	7,725	$	17,762

(a)Includes basis adjustments related to the application of hedge accounting. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.

(b)Includes advances, net of hedge basis adjustments, from the FHLB of Pittsburgh of $6.7 billion and $5.3 billion at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The following table presents the scheduled remaining maturity of long-term debt at June 30, 2023, assuming no early redemptions will occur. The amounts below include adjustments to the carrying value resulting from the application of hedge accounting. The actual payment of secured debt may vary based on the payment activity of the related pledged assets.

($ in millions)	2023		2024		2025		2026		2027		2028 and thereafter		Total
Unsecured
Long-term debt	$	1,258	$	1,479	$	2,486	$	141	$	1,537	$	4,730	$	11,631
Original issue discount	(31)		(68)		(74)		(82)		(95)		(513)		(863)
Total unsecured	1,227		1,411		2,412		59		1,442		4,217		10,768
Secured
Long-term debt	1,673		3,114		2,061		1,814		439		272		9,373
Total long-term debt	$	2,900	$	4,525	$	4,473	$	1,873	$	1,881	$	4,489	$	20,141

44

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

The following summarizes assets restricted as collateral for the payment of the related debt obligation.

($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Consumer mortgage finance receivables	$	19,187	$	19,771
Consumer automotive finance receivables	12,121		11,759
Commercial finance receivables	5,568		4,210
Investment securities (amortized cost of $5,253 and $4,288) (a)	4,371		3,525
Total assets restricted as collateral (b) (c) (d)	$	41,247	$	39,265
Secured debt (e)	$	11,567	$	10,124

(a)A portion of the restricted investment securities at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, was restricted under repurchase agreements. Refer to the section above titled Short-Term Borrowings for information on the repurchase agreements.

(b)All restricted assets are those of Ally Bank.

(c)Ally Bank has an advance agreement with the FHLB, and had assets pledged to secure borrowings that were restricted as collateral to the FHLB totaling $28.1 billion and $27.0 billion at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. These assets were primarily composed of consumer mortgage finance receivables and loans, as well as real-estate-backed loans within our Automotive Finance and Corporate Finance businesses, and non-agency mortgage-backed securities. Ally Bank has access to the FRB Discount Window and had assets pledged and restricted as collateral to the FRB totaling $2.3 billion and $2.4 billion at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. These assets were composed of consumer automotive finance receivables and loans. Availability under these programs is only for the operations of Ally Bank and cannot be used to fund the operations or liabilities of Ally or its other subsidiaries.

(d)Excludes restricted cash and cash reserves for securitization trusts recorded within other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Refer to Note 10 for additional information.

(e)Includes $2.2 billion and $2.4 billion of short-term borrowings at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

13.    Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

The components of accrued expenses and other liabilities were as follows.

($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Unfunded commitments for investment in qualified affordable housing projects	$	861	$	869
Accounts payable	515		435
Employee compensation and benefits	303		424
Deferred revenue	165		169
Reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses (a)	152		119
Operating lease liabilities	122		137
Other liabilities	513		495
Total accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	2,631	$	2,648

(a)Refer to Note 4 for further information.

45

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

14.    Preferred Stock

The following table summarizes information about our preferred stock. For additional information regarding our preferred stock, refer to Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Series B preferred stock (a)
Issuance date	April 22, 2021		April 22, 2021
Carrying value ($ in millions)	$	1,335	$	1,335
Par value (per share)	$	0.01	$	0.01
Liquidation preference (per share)	$	1,000	$	1,000
Number of shares authorized	1,350,000		1,350,000
Number of shares issued and outstanding	1,350,000		1,350,000
Dividend/coupon
Prior to May 15, 2026	4.700%		4.700%
On and after May 15, 2026	Five Year Treasury + 3.868%		Five Year Treasury + 3.868%
Series C preferred stock (a)
Issuance date	June 2, 2021		June 2, 2021
Carrying value ($ in millions)	$	989	$	989
Par value (per share)	$	0.01	$	0.01
Liquidation preference (per share)	$	1,000	$	1,000
Number of shares authorized	1,000,000		1,000,000
Number of shares issued and outstanding	1,000,000		1,000,000
Dividend/coupon
Prior to May 15, 2028	4.700%		4.700%
On and after May 15, 2028	Seven Year Treasury + 3.481%		Seven Year Treasury + 3.481%

(a)We may, at our option, redeem the Series B and Series C shares on any dividend payment date on or after May 15, 2026, or May 15, 2028, respectively, or at any time within 90 days following a regulatory event that precludes the instruments from being included in additional Tier 1 capital.

15.    Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following tables present changes, net of tax, in each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss.

	Three months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	Unrealized losses on investment securities (a)		Translation adjustments and net investment hedges (b)		Cash flow hedges (b)		Defined benefit pension plans (c)		Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Balance at April 1, 2022	$	(1,726)	$	20	$	30	$	(115)	$	(1,791)
Net change	(1,214)		(1)		(3)		—		(1,218)
Balance at June 30, 2022	$	(2,940)	$	19	$	27	$	(115)	$	(3,009)
Balance at April 1, 2023	$	(3,811)	$	18	$	17	$	—	$	(3,776)
Net change	(70)		3		(20)		—		(87)
Balance at June 30, 2023	$	(3,881)	$	21	$	(3)	$	—	$	(3,863)

(a)Represents the after-tax difference between the fair value and amortized cost of our available-for-sale securities portfolio. Refer to Note 6 for additional information.

(b)For additional information on derivative instruments and hedging activities, refer to Note 18.

(c)During 2022, we settled our qualified defined benefit pension plan. Refer to Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

46

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

	Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	Unrealized losses on investment securities (a)		Translation adjustments and net investment hedges (b)		Cash flow hedges (b)		Defined benefit pension plans (c)		Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Balance at January 1, 2022	$	(95)	$	19	$	35	$	(117)	$	(158)
Net change	(2,845)		—		(8)		2		(2,851)
Balance at June 30, 2022	$	(2,940)	$	19	$	27	$	(115)	$	(3,009)
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	(4,095)	$	18	$	18	$	—	$	(4,059)
Net change	214		3		(21)		—		196
Balance at June 30, 2023	$	(3,881)	$	21	$	(3)	$	—	$	(3,863)

(a)Represents the after-tax difference between the fair value and amortized cost of our available-for-sale securities portfolio. Refer to Note 6 for additional information.

(b)For additional information on derivative instruments and hedging activities, refer to Note 18.

(c)During 2022, we settled our qualified defined benefit pension plan. Refer to Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

The following tables present the before- and after-tax changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss.

Three months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Before tax			Tax effect			After tax
Investment securities
Net unrealized losses arising during the period	$	(91)		$	21		$	(70)
Translation adjustments
Net unrealized gains arising during the period	6			(1)			5
Net investment hedges (a)
Net unrealized losses arising during the period	(3)			1			(2)
Cash flow hedges (a)
Net unrealized losses arising during the period	(22)			6			(16)
Less: Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations	5		(b)	(1)		(c)	4
Net change	(27)			7			(20)
Other comprehensive loss	$	(115)		$	28		$	(87)

(a)For additional information on derivative instruments and hedging activities, refer to Note 18.

(b)Includes gains reclassified to interest and fees on finance receivables and loans in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(c)Includes amounts reclassified to income tax expense from continuing operations in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

Three months ended June 30, 2022 ($ in millions)	Before tax			Tax effect			After tax
Investment securities
Net unrealized losses arising during the period	$	(1,588)		$	376		$	(1,212)
Less: Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations	3		(a)	(1)		(b)	2
Net change	(1,591)			377			(1,214)
Translation adjustments
Net unrealized losses arising during the period	(5)			1			(4)
Net investment hedges (c)
Net unrealized gains arising during the period	4			(1)			3
Cash flow hedges (c)
Less: Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations	5		(d)	(2)		(b)	3
Other comprehensive loss	$	(1,597)		$	379		$	(1,218)

(a)Includes gains reclassified to other gain on investments, net in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(b)Includes amounts reclassified to income tax expense from continuing operations in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(c)For additional information on derivative instruments and hedging activities, refer to Note 18.

(d)Includes gains reclassified to interest and fees on finance receivables and loans in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

47

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Six months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Before tax			Tax effect			After tax
Investment securities
Net unrealized gains arising during the period	$	286		$	(68)		$	218
Less: Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations	5		(a)	(1)		(b)	4
Net change	281			(67)			214
Translation adjustments
Net unrealized gains arising during the period	6			(1)			5
Net investment hedges (c)
Net unrealized losses arising during the period	(3)			1			(2)
Cash flow hedges (c)
Net unrealized losses arising during the period	(18)			5			(13)
Less: Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations	10		(d)	(2)		(b)	8
Net change	(28)			7			(21)
Other comprehensive income	$	256		$	(60)		$	196

(a)Includes gains reclassified to other gain on investments, net in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(b)Includes amounts reclassified to income tax expense from continuing operations in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(c)For additional information on derivative instruments and hedging activities, refer to Note 18.

(d)Includes gains reclassified to interest and fees on finance receivables and loans in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

Six months ended June 30, 2022 ($ in millions)	Before tax			Tax effect			After tax
Investment securities
Net unrealized losses arising during the period	$	(3,708)		$	879		$	(2,829)
Less: Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations	21		(a)	(5)		(b)	16
Net change	(3,729)			884			(2,845)
Translation adjustments
Net unrealized losses arising during the period	(2)			1			(1)
Net investment hedges (c)
Net unrealized gains arising during the period	1			—			1
Cash flow hedges (c)
Less: Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations	11		(d)	(3)		(b)	8
Defined benefit pension plans
Net unrealized gains arising during the period	2			—			2
Other comprehensive loss	$	(3,739)		$	888		$	(2,851)

(a)Includes gains reclassified to other gain on investments, net in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(b)Includes amounts reclassified to income tax expense from continuing operations in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(c)For additional information on derivative instruments and hedging activities, refer to Note 18.

(d)Includes gains reclassified to interest and fees on finance receivables and loans in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

48

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

16.    Earnings per Common Share

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per common share.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions, except per share data; shares in thousands) (a)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income from continuing operations	$	329	$	482	$	649	$	1,137
Preferred stock dividends — Series B	(16)		(16)		(32)		(32)
Preferred stock dividends — Series C	(12)		(12)		(24)		(24)
Net income from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders	$	301	$	454	$	593	$	1,081
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	—		—		(1)		—
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	301	$	454	$	592	$	1,081
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding (b)	303,684		322,057		303,173		328,830
Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding (b)	304,646		324,027		304,050		330,882
Basic earnings per common share
Net income from continuing operations	$	0.99	$	1.41	$	1.96	$	3.29
Net income	$	0.99	$	1.41	$	1.95	$	3.29
Diluted earnings per common share
Net income from continuing operations	$	0.99	$	1.40	$	1.95	$	3.27
Net income	$	0.99	$	1.40	$	1.95	$	3.27

(a)Figures in the table may not recalculate exactly due to rounding. Earnings per share is calculated based on unrounded numbers.

(b)Includes shares related to share-based compensation that vested but were not yet issued.

17.    Regulatory Capital and Other Regulatory Matters

Ally is subject to enhanced prudential standards that have been established by the FRB under the Dodd-Frank Act, as amended by the EGRRCP Act and as applied to Category IV firms under the Tailoring Rules. As a Category IV firm, Ally is (1) subject to supervisory stress testing on a two-year cycle, (2) required to submit an annual capital plan to the FRB, (3) exempted from company-run capital stress testing requirements, (4) required to maintain a buffer of unencumbered highly liquid assets to meet projected net stressed cash outflows over a 30-day planning horizon, (5) exempted from the requirements of the LCR and the net stable funding ratio (provided that our average wSTWF continues to remain under $50 billion), and (6) exempted from the requirements of the supplementary leverage ratio, the countercyclical capital buffer, and single-counterparty credit limits. Even so, we are subject to rules enabling the FRB to conduct supervisory stress testing on a more or less frequent basis based on our financial condition, size, complexity, risk profile, scope of operations, or activities or based on risks to the U.S. economy. Further, we are subject to rules requiring the resubmission of our capital plan if we determine that there has been or will be a material change in our risk profile, financial condition, or corporate structure since we last submitted the capital plan or if the FRB determines that (a) our capital plan is incomplete or our capital plan or internal capital adequacy process contains material weaknesses, (b) there has been, or will likely be, a material change in our risk profile (including a material change in our business strategy or any risk exposure), financial condition, or corporate structure, or (c) the BHC stress scenario(s) are not appropriate for our business model and portfolios, or changes in the financial markets or the macroeconomic outlook that could have a material impact on our risk profile and financial condition require the use of updated scenarios. While a resubmission is pending, without prior approval of the FRB, we would generally be prohibited from paying dividends, repurchasing our common stock, or making other capital distributions. In addition, to satisfy the FRB in its review of our capital plan, we may be required to further cease or limit these capital distributions or to issue capital instruments that could be dilutive to stockholders. The FRB also may prevent us from maintaining or expanding lending or other business activities.

Basel Capital Framework

The FRB and other U.S. banking agencies have adopted risk-based and leverage capital rules that establish minimum capital-to-asset ratios for BHCs, like Ally, and depository institutions, like Ally Bank.

The risk-based capital ratios are based on a banking organization’s RWAs, which are generally determined under the standardized approach applicable to Ally and Ally Bank by (1) assigning on-balance-sheet exposures to broad risk-weight categories according to the counterparty or, if relevant, the guarantor or collateral (with higher risk weights assigned to categories of exposures perceived as representing greater risk), and (2) multiplying off-balance-sheet exposures by specified credit conversion factors to calculate credit equivalent amounts and assigning those credit equivalent amounts to the relevant risk-weight categories. The leverage ratio, in contrast, is based on an institution’s average unweighted on-balance-sheet exposures.

Under U.S. Basel III, Ally and Ally Bank must maintain a minimum Common Equity Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 4.5%, a minimum Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6%, and a minimum total risk-based capital ratio of 8%. On top of the minimum risk-based capital ratios, Ally and Ally Bank are subject to a capital conservation buffer requirement, which must be satisfied entirely with capital that qualifies as

49

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Common Equity Tier 1 capital. Failure to maintain more than the full amount of the capital conservation buffer requirement would result in automatic restrictions on the ability of Ally and Ally Bank to make capital distributions, including dividend payments and stock repurchases and redemptions, and to pay discretionary bonuses to executive officers. U.S. Basel III also subjects Ally and Ally Bank to a minimum Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4%. While the capital conservation buffer requirement for Ally Bank is fixed at 2.5% of RWAs, the capital conservation buffer requirement for a Category IV firm like Ally is equal to its stress capital buffer requirement. The stress capital buffer requirement for Ally, in turn, is the greater of 2.5% and the result of the following calculation: (1) the difference between Ally’s starting and minimum projected Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratios under the severely adverse scenario in the supervisory stress test, plus (2) the sum of the dollar amount of Ally’s planned common stock dividends for each of the fourth through seventh quarters of its nine-quarter capital planning horizon, as a percentage of RWAs. As of June 30, 2023, the stress capital buffer requirement for Ally was 2.5%.

Ally and Ally Bank are subject to the U.S. Basel III standardized approach for counterparty credit risk but not to the U.S. Basel III advanced approaches for credit risk or operational risk. Ally is also not subject to the U.S. market-risk capital rule, which applies only to banking organizations with significant trading assets and liabilities. Since Ally and Ally Bank are not subject to the advanced approaches risk-based capital rules, we elected to apply a one-time option to exclude most components of accumulated other comprehensive income from regulatory capital. As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, Ally had $3.9 billion and $4.1 billion, respectively, of accumulated other comprehensive losses, net of applicable income taxes, that were excluded from Common Equity Tier 1 capital. Refer to Note 15 for additional details about our accumulated other comprehensive loss.

Failure to satisfy regulatory-capital requirements could result in significant sanctions—such as bars or other limits on capital distributions and discretionary bonuses to executive officers, limitations on acquisitions and new activities, restrictions on our acceptance of brokered deposits, a loss of our status as an FHC, or informal or formal enforcement and other supervisory actions—and could have a significant adverse effect on the Consolidated Financial Statements or the business, results of operations, financial condition, or prospects of Ally and Ally Bank.

The risk-based capital ratios and the Tier 1 leverage ratio play a central role in PCA, which is an enforcement framework used by the U.S. banking agencies to constrain the activities of depository institutions based on their levels of regulatory capital. Five categories have been established using thresholds for the Common Equity Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio, the Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio, the total risk-based capital ratio, and the Tier 1 leverage ratio: well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized. FDICIA generally prohibits a depository institution from making any capital distribution, including any payment of a cash dividend or a management fee to its BHC, if the depository institution would become undercapitalized after the distribution. An undercapitalized institution is also subject to growth limitations and must submit and fulfill a capital restoration plan. Although BHCs are not subject to the PCA framework, the FRB is empowered to compel a BHC to take measures—such as the execution of financial or performance guarantees—when PCA is required in connection with one of its depository-institution subsidiaries. At both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, Ally Bank met the capital ratios required to be well capitalized under the PCA framework.

Under FDICIA and the PCA framework, insured depository institutions such as Ally Bank must be well capitalized or, with a waiver from the FDIC, adequately capitalized in order to accept brokered deposits, and even adequately capitalized institutions are subject to some restrictions on the rates they may offer for brokered deposits. Brokered deposits totaled $13.7 billion at June 30, 2023, which represented 8.9% of Ally Bank’s total deposits.

50

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

The following table summarizes our capital ratios under U.S. Basel III.

	June 30, 2023				December 31, 2022				Required minimum (a)		Well-capitalized minimum
($ in millions)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
Capital ratios
Common Equity Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)
Ally Financial Inc.	$	14,791	9.29	%	$	14,592	9.27	%	4.50	%	(b)
Ally Bank	17,298		11.44		17,011		11.38		4.50		6.50	%
Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)
Ally Financial Inc.	$	17,054	10.72	%	$	16,867	10.72	%	6.00	%	6.00	%
Ally Bank	17,298		11.44		17,011		11.38		6.00		8.00
Total (to risk-weighted assets)
Ally Financial Inc.	$	19,897	12.50	%	$	19,209	12.21	%	8.00	%	10.00	%
Ally Bank	19,202		12.70		18,888		12.64		8.00		10.00
Tier 1 leverage (to adjusted quarterly average assets) (c)
Ally Financial Inc.	$	17,054	8.59	%	$	16,867	8.65	%	4.00	%	(b)
Ally Bank	17,298		9.18		17,011		9.23		4.00		5.00	%

(a)In addition to the minimum risk-based capital requirements for the Common Equity Tier 1 capital, Tier 1 capital, and total capital ratios, Ally and Ally Bank were required to maintain a minimum capital conservation buffer of 2.5% at both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

(b)Currently, there is no ratio component for determining whether a BHC is “well-capitalized.”

(c)Federal regulatory reporting guidelines require the calculation of adjusted quarterly average assets using a daily average methodology.

On January 1, 2020, we adopted CECL. Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information about our allowance for loan losses accounting policy. Under a rule finalized by the FRB and other U.S. banking agencies in 2020, we delayed recognizing the estimated impact of CECL on regulatory capital until after a two-year deferral period, which for us extended through December 31, 2021. Beginning on January 1, 2022, we were required to phase in 25% of the previously deferred estimated capital impact of CECL, with an additional 25% to be phased in at the beginning of each subsequent year until fully phased in by the first quarter of 2025. The estimated impact of CECL on regulatory capital that we deferred and began phasing in on January 1, 2022, is generally calculated as the entire day-one impact at adoption plus 25% of the subsequent change in allowance during the two-year deferral period. As of June 30, 2023, the total deferred impact on Common Equity Tier 1 capital related to our adoption of CECL was $591 million.

In April 2023, in a statement accompanying the review of the FRB’s supervision and regulation of SVB, FRB Vice Chair for Supervision Barr highlighted a plan to revisit the Tailoring Rules and develop stronger capital, liquidity, stress-testing, and other standards for Category IV firms like Ally. In July 2023, the U.S. banking agencies issued a proposed rule to customize and implement revisions to the global Basel III capital framework (commonly known as the Basel III endgame or as Basel IV). For regulatory capital, the proposed rule would eliminate the effect of the Tailoring Rules by requiring the recognition of most elements of accumulated other comprehensive income and loss and the application of deductions, limitations, and criteria for specified capital investments, minority interests, and TLAC holdings. For each of the risk-based capital ratios, a large banking organization like Ally would calculate and be bound by the lower of two alternatives: one version of the ratio based on an expanded risk-based approach prescribed in the proposed rule and one version of the ratio based on the standardized approach as modified by the proposed rule. All capital buffer requirements, including the stress capital buffer requirement, would apply regardless of whether the expanded risk-based approach or the standardized approach produces the lower ratio. Under the expanded risk-based approach, total RWAs would equal the sum of the RWAs for credit risk, equity risk, operational risk, market risk, and CVA risk as set forth in the proposed rule minus any amount of the banking organization’s adjusted allowance for credit losses that is not included in Tier 2 capital and any amount of allocated transfer risk reserves. Under the standardized approach, total RWAs would be calculated using the existing rules with a revised methodology for determining market risk-weighted assets and a required application of the standardized approach for counterparty credit risk for derivative exposures. Category IV firms would be further required under the proposed rule to project their risk-based capital ratios under baseline conditions in their capital plans and related reports using the RWA-calculation approach that results in their binding risk-based capital ratios as of the start of the projection horizon. The proposed rule also would roll back additional elements of the Tailoring Rules by applying to Category IV firms the supplementary leverage ratio, the countercyclical capital buffer, and enhanced public disclosure and reporting requirements. Whether and when a final rule may be adopted and take effect, as well as what changes to the proposed rule may be reflected in such a final rule after the comment period, remain unclear. Under the proposed rule, however, a three-year transition period from July 1, 2025, to June 30, 2028, would apply to the recognition of accumulated other comprehensive income and loss in regulatory capital and the use of the expanded risk-based approach. Ally is still assessing the impact of the proposed rule, but the U.S. banking agencies estimate that Category IV firms would experience a 6 percent increase in RWAs and in binding Common Equity Tier 1 capital requirements. The actual impact on Ally could differ meaningfully from these estimates. Beyond this proposed rule, more stringent and less tailored liquidity, stress-testing, and other standards for Category IV firms like Ally may be forthcoming, including those that may (1) impose a minimum TLAC requirement, (2) reinstate the LCR and require more rigorous liquidity stress testing,

51

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

(3) return Ally to supervisory stress testing on an annual cycle, and (4) resume resolution planning for Ally and its significant legal entities under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code and other applicable insolvency laws.

Capital Planning and Stress Tests

Under the Tailoring Rules, we are generally subject to supervisory stress testing on a two-year cycle and exempted from mandated company-run capital stress testing requirements. We are also required to submit an annual capital plan to the FRB. Our annual capital plan must include an assessment of our expected uses and sources of capital and a description of all planned capital actions over a nine-quarter planning horizon, including any issuance of a debt or equity capital instrument, any dividend or other capital distribution, and any similar action that the FRB determines could have an impact on our capital. The plan must also include a detailed description of our process for assessing capital adequacy, including a discussion of how we, under expected and stressful conditions, will maintain capital commensurate with our risks and above the minimum regulatory capital ratios, will serve as a source of strength to Ally Bank, and will maintain sufficient capital to continue our operations by maintaining ready access to funding, meeting our obligations to creditors and other counterparties, and continuing to serve as a credit intermediary.

The Tailoring Rules align capital planning, supervisory stress testing, and stress capital buffer requirements for large banking organizations like Ally. As a Category IV firm, Ally is expected to have the ability to elect to participate in the supervisory stress test—and receive a correspondingly updated stress capital buffer requirement—in a year in which Ally would not generally be subject to the supervisory stress test. Refer to the section titled Basel Capital Framework above for further discussion about our stress capital buffer requirements. During a year in which Ally does not undergo a supervisory stress test, we would receive an updated stress capital buffer requirement only to reflect our updated planned common-stock dividends. Ally was subject to the 2022 supervisory stress test and did not elect to participate in the 2023 supervisory stress test.

On January 10, 2022, our Board authorized a stock-repurchase program, permitting us to repurchase up to $2.0 billion of our common stock from time to time from the first quarter of 2022 through the fourth quarter of 2022 subject to restrictions imposed by the FRB, and an increase in our cash dividend on common stock from $0.25 per share for the fourth quarter of 2021 to $0.30 per share for the first quarter of 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we repurchased $1.65 billion of common stock under our stock-repurchase program. Since the commencement of our initial stock-repurchase program in the third quarter of 2016, we have reduced the number of outstanding shares of our common stock by 38%, from 484 million as of June 30, 2016, to 302 million as of June 30, 2023. At this time, the Board has not authorized a stock-repurchase program for 2023.

We submitted our 2022 capital plan to the FRB on April 5, 2022. Ally received an updated preliminary stress capital buffer requirement from the FRB in June 2022, which was determined to be 2.5% and reflected a decline of 100 basis points relative to our prior requirement. The updated 2.5% stress capital buffer requirement was finalized in August 2022 and became effective on October 1, 2022. In February 2023, we accessed the unsecured debt capital markets and issued $500 million of additional subordinated notes, which qualify as Tier 2 capital for Ally under U.S. Basel III. We submitted our 2023 capital plan to the FRB on April 5, 2023, and received in June 2023 an updated preliminary stress capital buffer requirement that remained unchanged at 2.5%. The 2.5% stress capital buffer requirement was finalized in July 2023, and will become effective on October 1, 2023.

Our ability to make capital distributions, including our ability to pay dividends or repurchase shares of our common stock, will continue to be subject to the FRB’s review and our internal governance requirements, including approval by our Board. The amount and size of any future dividends and share repurchases also will be subject to various factors, including Ally’s capital and liquidity positions, accounting and regulatory considerations (including any restrictions that may be imposed by the FRB and any changes to capital, liquidity, and other regulatory requirements that may be proposed or adopted by the U.S. banking agencies), the taxation of share repurchases, financial and operational performance, alternative uses of capital, common-stock price, and general market conditions, and may be extended, modified, or discontinued at any time.

52

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

The following table presents information related to our common stock and distributions to our common stockholders.

	Common stock repurchased during period (a)			Number of common shares outstanding		Cash dividends declared per common share (b)
($ in millions, except per share data; shares in thousands)	Approximate dollar value		Number of shares	Beginning of period	End of period
2022
First quarter	$	584	12,548	337,941	327,306	$	0.30
Second quarter	600		15,031	327,306	312,781	0.30
Third quarter	415		12,468	312,781	300,335	0.30
Fourth quarter	51		1,731	300,335	299,324	0.30
2023
First quarter	$	27	836	299,324	300,821	$	0.30
Second quarter	2		58	300,821	301,619	0.30

(a)Includes shares of common stock withheld to cover income taxes owed by participants in our share-based incentive plans.

(b)On July 17, 2023, our Board declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.30 per share on all common stock, payable on August 15, 2023, to stockholders of record at the close of business on August 1, 2023. Refer to Note 24 for further information regarding this common-stock dividend.

18.    Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

We enter into derivative instruments, which may include interest rate swaps, foreign-currency forwards, equity options, and interest rate options, in connection with our risk-management activities. Our primary objective for using derivative financial instruments is to manage interest rate risk associated with our fixed-rate and variable-rate assets and liabilities, foreign exchange risks related to our net investments in foreign subsidiaries, as well as foreign-currency denominated assets and liabilities, and other market risks related to our investment portfolio.

Interest Rate Risk

We monitor our mix of fixed-rate and variable-rate assets and liabilities and may enter into interest rate swaps, forwards, and options to achieve our desired mix of fixed-rate and variable-rate assets and liabilities. We execute these trades to modify our exposure to interest rate risk by converting certain fixed-rate instruments to a variable-rate and certain variable-rate instruments to a fixed-rate. We use a mix of both derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting treatment and economic hedges that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment.

Derivatives qualifying for hedge accounting treatment can include receive-fixed swaps designated as fair value hedges of specific fixed-rate unsecured debt obligations, receive-fixed swaps designated as fair value hedges of specific fixed-rate FHLB advances, pay-fixed swaps designated as fair value hedges of securities within our available-for-sale portfolio, and pay-fixed swaps designated as fair value hedges of fixed-rate held-for-investment consumer automotive loan assets. Other derivatives qualifying for hedge accounting consist of interest rate floor contracts designated as cash flow hedges of the expected future cash flows in the form of interest receipts on a portion of our dealer floorplan commercial loans.

We have the ability to execute economic hedges, which could consist of interest rate swaps, interest rate caps, forwards, and options to mitigate interest rate risk.

We also enter into interest rate lock commitments and forward commitments that are executed as part of our mortgage business that meet the accounting definition of a derivative.

Foreign Exchange Risk

We enter into derivative financial instrument contracts to mitigate the risk associated with variability in cash flows related to our various foreign-currency exposures.

We enter into foreign-currency forwards with external counterparties as net investment hedges of foreign exchange exposure on our investment in foreign subsidiaries. Our equity is impacted by the cumulative translation adjustments resulting from the translation of foreign subsidiary results; this impact is reflected in our accumulated other comprehensive income. We also periodically enter into foreign-currency forwards to economically hedge any foreign-denominated debt, centralized lending, and foreign-denominated third-party loans. These foreign-currency forwards used as economic hedges are recorded at fair value with changes recorded as income or expense offsetting the gains and losses on the associated foreign-currency transactions.

Investment Risk

We enter into equity options to mitigate the risk associated with our exposure to the equity markets.

53

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Credit Risk

We enter into various retail automotive-loan purchase agreements with certain counterparties. As part of those agreements, we may withhold a portion of the purchase price from the counterparty and be required to pay the counterparty all or part of the amount withheld at agreed upon measurement dates and determinable amounts if actual credit performance of the acquired loans on the measurement date is better than or equal to what was estimated at the time of acquisition. Based upon these terms, these contracts meet the accounting definition of a derivative.

Counterparty Credit Risk

Derivative financial instruments contain an element of credit risk if counterparties are unable to meet the terms of the agreements. Credit risk associated with derivative financial instruments is measured as the net replacement cost should the counterparties that owe us under the contract completely fail to perform under the terms of those contracts, assuming no recoveries of underlying collateral as measured by the market value of the derivative financial instrument.

We manage our risk to financial counterparties through internal credit analysis, limits, and monitoring. Additionally, derivatives and repurchase agreements are entered into with approved counterparties using industry standard agreements.

We execute certain OTC derivatives, such as interest rate caps and floors, using bilateral agreements with financial counterparties. Bilateral agreements generally require both parties to post collateral in the event the fair values of the derivative financial instruments meet posting thresholds established under the agreements. If either party defaults on the obligation, the secured party may seize the collateral. Payments related to the exchange of collateral for OTC derivatives are recognized as collateral.

We also execute certain derivatives, such as interest rate swaps, with clearinghouses, which require us to post and receive collateral. For these clearinghouse derivatives, these payments are recognized as settlements rather than collateral.

Certain derivative instruments contain provisions that require us to either post additional collateral or immediately settle any outstanding liability balances upon the occurrence of a specified credit-risk-related event. No such specified credit-risk-related events occurred during the six months ended June 30, 2023, or 2022.

We placed noncash collateral totaling $678 million, supporting our derivative positions at June 30, 2023, compared to $2 million and $384 million of cash and noncash collateral at December 31, 2022, respectively, in accounts maintained by counterparties. These amounts include noncash collateral placed at clearinghouses and exclude cash and noncash collateral pledged under repurchase agreements. The receivables for cash collateral placed are included on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet in other assets. We granted our counterparties the right to sell or pledge the noncash collateral.

We received cash collateral from counterparties totaling $29 million and $23 million in accounts maintained by counterparties at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. These amounts exclude cash and noncash collateral pledged under repurchase agreements. The payables for cash collateral received are included on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet in accrued expenses and other liabilities.

54

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Balance Sheet Presentation

The following table summarizes the amounts of derivative instruments reported on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The amounts are presented on a gross basis, are segregated by derivatives that are designated and qualifying as hedging instruments or those that are not, and are further segregated by type of contract within those two categories.

Derivative contracts in a receivable and payable position exclude open trade equity on derivatives cleared through central clearing counterparties. Any associated margin exchanged with our central clearing counterparties are treated as settlements of the derivative exposure, rather than collateral. Such payments are recognized as settlements of the derivatives contracts in a receivable and payable position on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Notional amounts are reference amounts from which contractual obligations are derived and are not recorded on the balance sheet. In our view, derivative notional is not an accurate measure of our derivative exposure when viewed in isolation from other factors, such as market rate fluctuations and counterparty credit risk.

	June 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Derivative contracts in a				Notional amount		Derivative contracts in a				Notional amount
($ in millions)	receivable position		payable position				receivable position		payable position
Derivatives designated as accounting hedges
Interest rate contracts
Swaps	$	—	$	—	$	38,674	$	—	$	—	$	30,619
Purchased options	32		—		6,000		22		—		2,800
Foreign exchange contracts
Forwards	—		—		163		—		1		151
Total derivatives designated as accounting hedges	32		—		44,837		22		1		33,570
Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges
Interest rate contracts
Futures and forwards	1		—		99		—		—		37
Written options	1		—		126		—		—		79
Total interest rate risk	2		—		225		—		—		116
Foreign exchange contracts
Futures and forwards	—		—		58		—		1		147
Total foreign exchange risk	—		—		58		—		1		147
Credit contracts (a)
Other credit derivatives	—		19		n/a		—		39		n/a
Total credit risk	—		19		n/a		—		39		n/a
Equity contracts
Written options	—		3		—		—		1		—
Purchased options	1		—		—		1		—		—
Total equity risk	1		3		—		1		1		—
Total derivatives not designated as accounting hedges	3		22		283		1		41		263
Total derivatives	$	35	$	22	$	45,120	$	23	$	42	$	33,833

n/a = not applicable

(a)The maximum potential amount of undiscounted future payments that could be required under these credit derivatives was $47 million and $82 million as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

55

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

The following table presents amounts recorded on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges.

	Carrying amount of the hedged items				Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustment included in the carrying amount of the hedged items
					Total				Discontinued (a)
($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets
Available-for-sale securities (b)	$	14,840	$	11,265	$	(277)	$	(180)	$	(173)	$	(181)
Finance receivables and loans, net (c)	46,875		46,390		(432)		(617)		(38)		(57)
Liabilities
Long-term debt	$	7,722	$	7,697	$	105	$	112	$	105	$	120

(a)Represents the fair value hedging adjustment on qualifying hedges for which the hedging relationship was discontinued. This represents a subset of the amounts reported in the total hedging adjustment.

(b)These amounts include the amortized cost basis and unallocated basis adjustments of closed portfolios of available-for-sale securities used to designate hedging relationships in which the hedged item is the stated amount of assets in the closed portfolios anticipated to be outstanding for the designated hedge period. At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the amortized cost basis and unallocated basis adjustments of the closed portfolios used in these hedging relationships was $13.4 billion and $10.0 billion, respectively, of which $13.1 billion and $9.7 billion, respectively, represents the amortized cost basis and unallocated basis adjustments of closed portfolios designated in an active hedge relationship. At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the total cumulative basis adjustments associated with these hedging relationships was a $219 million liability and a $135 million liability, respectively, of which the portion related to discontinued hedging relationships was a $133 million liability and a $138 million liability, respectively. At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the notional amounts of the designated hedged items were $10.5 billion and $4.0 billion, respectively, with cumulative basis adjustments of a $86 million liability and a $3 million asset, respectively, which would be allocated across the entire remaining closed pool upon termination or maturity of the hedge relationship. Refer to Note 6 for a reconciliation of the amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale securities.

(c)These amounts include the carrying value of closed portfolios of loan receivables used to designate hedging relationships in which the hedged item is the stated amount of assets in the closed portfolios anticipated to be outstanding for the designated hedge period. At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the carrying value of the closed portfolios used in these hedging relationships was $46.9 billion and $46.4 billion, respectively, of which $41.9 billion and $46.1 billion, respectively, represents the carrying value of closed portfolios designated in an active hedge relationship. At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the total cumulative basis adjustments associated with these hedging relationships was a $432 million liability and a $617 million liability, respectively, of which the portion related to discontinued hedging relationships was a $38 million liability and a $57 million liability, respectively. At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the notional amounts of the designated hedged items were $26.8 billion and $22.8 billion, respectively, with cumulative basis adjustments of a $394 million liability and a $560 million liability, respectively, which would be allocated across the entire remaining closed pool upon termination or maturity of the hedge relationship.

Statement of Income Presentation

The following table summarizes the location and amounts of gains and losses on derivative instruments not designated as accounting hedges reported in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Gain (loss) recognized in earnings
Interest rate contracts
Gain on mortgage and automotive loans, net	$	4	$	3	$	9	$	1
Other income, net of losses	—		3		—		6
Total interest rate contracts	4		6		9		7
Foreign exchange contracts
Other operating expenses	(1)		5		—		2
Total foreign exchange contracts	(1)		5		—		2
Credit contracts
Other income, net of losses	—		(1)		(5)		(2)
Total credit contracts	—		(1)		(5)		(2)
Equity contracts
Other income, net of losses	(3)		—		(7)		—
Total equity contracts	(3)		—		(7)		—
Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings	$	—	$	10	$	(3)	$	7

56

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

The following tables summarize the location and amounts of gains and losses on derivative instruments designated as qualifying fair value and cash flow hedges reported in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

	Interest and fees on finance receivables and loans				Interest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assets				Interest on long-term debt
Three months ended June 30, ($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships
Interest rate contracts
Hedged fixed-rate unsecured debt	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	6
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments on fixed-rate unsecured debt	—		—		—		—		—		(6)
Hedged available-for-sale securities	—		—		(238)		(47)		—		—
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments on available-for-sale securities	—		—		238		47		—		—
Hedged fixed-rate consumer automotive loans	(39)		(149)		—		—		—		—
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments on fixed-rate consumer automotive loans	39		149		—		—		—		—
Total gain on fair value hedging relationships	—		—		—		—		—		—
Gain on cash flow hedging relationships
Interest rate contracts
Hedged variable-rate commercial loans
Reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income	5		5		—		—		—		—
Total gain on cash flow hedging relationships	$	5	$	5	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total amounts presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income	$	2,721	$	1,842	$	247	$	203	$	252	$	184

	Interest and fees on finance receivables and loans				Interest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assets				Interest on long-term debt
Six months ended June 30, ($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships
Interest rate contracts
Hedged fixed-rate unsecured debt	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1	$	4
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments on fixed-rate unsecured debt	—		—		—		—		(1)		(4)
Hedged available-for-sale securities	—		—		(108)		(89)		—		—
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments on available-for-sale securities	—		—		108		89		—		—
Hedged fixed-rate consumer automotive loans	166		(453)		—		—		—		—
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments on fixed-rate consumer automotive loans	(166)		453		—		—		—		—
Total gain on fair value hedging relationships	—		—		—		—		—		—
Gain on cash flow hedging relationships
Interest rate contracts
Hedged variable-rate commercial loans
Reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income	10		11		—		—		—		—
Total gain on cash flow hedging relationships	$	10	$	11	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total amounts presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income	$	5,296	$	3,556	$	485	$	391	$	479	$	369

During the next 12 months, we estimate $1 million of gains will be reclassified into pretax earnings from derivatives designated as cash flow hedges.

57

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

The following tables summarize the location and amounts of gains and losses related to interest and amortization on derivative instruments designated as qualifying fair value and cash flow hedges reported in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

	Interest and fees on finance receivables and loans				Interest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assets				Interest on long-term debt
Three months ended June 30, ($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships
Interest rate contracts
Amortization of deferred unsecured debt basis adjustments	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2	$	1
Interest for qualifying accounting hedges of unsecured debt	—		—		—		—		—		1
Amortization of deferred secured debt basis adjustments (FHLB advances)	—		—		—		—		—		(1)
Amortization of deferred basis adjustments of available-for-sale securities	—		—		6		4		—		—
Interest for qualifying accounting hedges of available-for-sale securities	—		—		27		—		—		—
Amortization of deferred loan basis adjustments	8		(2)		—		—		—		—
Interest for qualifying accounting hedges of consumer automotive loans held for investment	189		(5)		—		—		—		—
Total gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships	$	197	$	(7)	$	33	$	4	$	2	$	1

	Interest and fees on finance receivables and loans				Interest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assets				Interest on long-term debt
Six months ended June 30, ($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships
Interest rate contracts
Amortization of deferred unsecured debt basis adjustments	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	4	$	2
Interest for qualifying accounting hedges of unsecured debt	—		—		—		—		—		1
Amortization of deferred secured debt basis adjustments (FHLB advances)	—		—		—		—		1		(2)
Amortization of deferred basis adjustments of available-for-sale securities	—		—		11		5		—		—
Interest for qualifying accounting hedges of available-for-sale securities	—		—		40		(1)		—		—
Amortization of deferred loan basis adjustments	18		(11)		—		—		—		—
Interest for qualifying accounting hedges of consumer automotive loans held for investment	351		(23)		—		—		—		—
Total gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships	$	369	$	(34)	$	51	$	4	$	5	$	1

The following table summarizes the effect of cash flow hedges on accumulated other comprehensive loss.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Interest rate contracts
Loss recognized in other comprehensive (loss) income	$	(27)	$	(5)	$	(28)	$	(11)

58

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

The following table summarizes the effect of net investment hedges on accumulated other comprehensive loss.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Foreign exchange contracts (a) (b)
(Loss) gain recognized in other comprehensive (loss) income	$	(3)	$	4	$	(3)	$	1

(a)There were no amounts excluded from effectiveness testing for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, or 2022.

(b)Gains and losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss are reported as other income, net of losses, in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. There were no amounts reclassified for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, or 2022.

19.    Income Taxes

We recognized total income tax expense from continuing operations of $74 million and $142 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to income tax expense of $152 million and $343 million for the same periods in 2022. The decreases in income tax expense for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same periods in 2022, were primarily due to the tax effects of a decrease in pretax earnings and an increase in qualified clean vehicle tax credits for purchased plug-in electric vehicles or fuel cell vehicles.

As of each reporting date, we consider existing evidence, both positive and negative, that could impact our view with regard to future realization of deferred tax assets. We continue to believe it is more likely than not that the benefit for certain foreign tax credit carryforwards and state net operating loss carryforwards will not be realized. In recognition of this risk, we continue to provide a partial valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets relating to these carryforwards and it is reasonably possible that the valuation allowance may change in the next 12 months.

20.    Fair Value

Fair Value Measurements

For purposes of this disclosure, fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. Fair value is based on the assumptions we believe market participants would use when pricing an asset or liability. Additionally, entities are required to consider all aspects of nonperformance risk, including the entity’s own credit standing, when measuring the fair value of a liability.

U.S. GAAP specifies a three-level hierarchy that is used when measuring and disclosing fair value. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices available in active markets (i.e., observable inputs) and the lowest priority to data lacking transparency (i.e., unobservable inputs). An instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of significant input to its valuation. The following is a description of the three hierarchy levels.

Level 1    Inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date. Additionally, the entity must have the ability to access the active market, and the quoted prices cannot be adjusted by the entity.

Level 2    Inputs are other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in inactive markets for identical or similar assets or liabilities; or inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3    Unobservable inputs are supported by little or no market activity. The unobservable inputs represent management’s best assumptions of how market participants would price the assets or liabilities. Generally, Level 3 assets and liabilities are valued using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques that require significant judgment or estimation.

Judgment is used in estimating inputs to our internal valuation models used to estimate our Level 3 fair value measurements. Level 3 inputs such as interest rate movements, prepayment speeds, credit losses, and discount rates are inherently difficult to estimate. Changes to these inputs can have a significant effect on fair value measurements and amounts that could be realized.

The following are descriptions of the valuation methodologies used to measure material assets and liabilities at fair value and details of the valuation models, key inputs to those models, and significant assumptions utilized.

•Equity securities — We hold various marketable equity securities measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. Measurements based on observable market prices are classified as Level 1.

•Available-for-sale securities — We carry our available-for-sale securities at fair value based on external pricing sources. We classify our securities as Level 1 when fair value is determined using quoted prices available for the same instruments trading in

59

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

active markets. We classify our securities as Level 2 when fair value is determined using prices for similar instruments trading in active markets. We perform pricing validation procedures for our available-for-sale securities.

•Derivative instruments — We enter into a variety of derivative financial instruments as part of our risk-management strategies. Certain of these derivatives are exchange traded, such as equity options. To determine the fair value of these instruments, we utilize the quoted market prices for those particular derivative contracts; therefore, we classified these contracts as Level 1.

We also execute OTC and centrally cleared derivative contracts, such as interest rate swaps, foreign-currency denominated forward contracts, caps, floors, and agency to-be-announced securities. We utilize third-party-developed valuation models that are widely accepted in the market to value these derivative contracts. The specific terms of the contract and market observable inputs (such as interest rate forward curves, interpolated volatility assumptions, or equity pricing) are used in the model. We classified these derivative contracts as Level 2 because all significant inputs into these models were market observable.

We also enter into interest rate lock commitments and forward commitments that are executed as part of our mortgage business, certain of which meet the accounting definition of a derivative and therefore are recorded as derivatives on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Interest rate lock commitments are valued using internal pricing models with unobservable inputs, so they are classified as Level 3.

We purchase automotive finance receivables and loans from third parties as part of forward flow arrangements and, from time-to-time, execute opportunistic ad-hoc bulk purchases. As part of those agreements, we may withhold a portion of the purchase price from the counterparty and be required to pay the counterparty all or part of the amount withheld at agreed upon measurement dates and determinable amounts if actual credit performance of the acquired loans on the measurement date is better than or equal to what was estimated at the time of acquisition. Because these contracts meet the accounting definition of a derivative, we recognize a liability at fair value for these deferred purchase price payments. The fair value of these liabilities is determined using a discounted cash flow method. To estimate cash flows, we utilize various significant assumptions, including market observable inputs (for example, forward interest rates) and internally developed inputs (for example, prepayment speeds, delinquency levels, and expected credit losses). These liabilities are valued using internal loss models with unobservable inputs, and are classified as Level 3.

We are required to consider all aspects of nonperformance risk, including our own credit standing, when measuring fair value of derivative assets and liabilities. We reduce credit risk on the majority of our derivatives by entering into legally enforceable agreements that enable the posting and receiving of collateral associated with the fair value of our derivative positions on an ongoing basis. In the event that we do not enter into legally enforceable agreements that enable the posting and receiving of collateral, we will consider our credit risk in the valuation of derivative liabilities through a DVA and the credit risk of our counterparties in the valuation of derivative assets through a CVA, if warranted. When measuring these valuation adjustments, we generally use credit default swap spreads.

60

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Recurring Fair Value

The following tables display the assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis including financial instruments elected for the fair value option. We often economically hedge the fair value change of our assets or liabilities with derivatives. The tables below display the hedges separately from the hedged items; therefore, they do not directly display the impact of our risk-management activities.

	Recurring fair value measurements
June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Investment securities
Equity securities (a) (b)	$	715	$	—	$	1	$	716
Available-for-sale securities
Debt securities
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	2,029		—		—		2,029
U.S. States and political subdivisions	—		660		5		665
Foreign government	46		122		—		168
Agency mortgage-backed residential	—		15,856		—		15,856
Mortgage-backed residential	—		4,143		—		4,143
Agency mortgage-backed commercial	—		3,684		—		3,684
Asset-backed	—		383		—		383
Corporate debt	—		1,736		—		1,736
Total available-for-sale securities	2,075		26,584		5		28,664
Mortgage loans held-for-sale (c)	—		36		—		36
Other assets
Derivative contracts in a receivable position
Interest rate	—		33		1		34
Equity	1		—		—		1
Total derivative contracts in a receivable position	1		33		1		35
Total assets	$	2,791	$	26,653	$	7	$	29,451
Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
Derivative contracts in a payable position
Credit	$	—	$	—	$	19	$	19
Equity	3		—		—		3
Total derivative contracts in a payable position	3		—		19		22
Total liabilities	$	3	$	—	$	19	$	22

(a)Our direct investment in any one industry did not exceed 17%.

(b)Excludes $43 million of equity securities that are measured at fair value using the net asset value practical expedient and therefore are not classified in the fair value hierarchy.

(c)Carried at fair value due to fair value option elections.

61

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

	Recurring fair value measurements
December 31, 2022 ($ in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Investment securities
Equity securities (a) (b)	$	642	$	—	$	1	$	643
Available-for-sale securities
Debt securities
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	2,016		—		—		2,016
U.S. States and political subdivisions	—		756		4		760
Foreign government	39		107		—		146
Agency mortgage-backed residential	—		16,633		—		16,633
Mortgage-backed residential	—		4,299		—		4,299
Agency mortgage-backed commercial	—		3,535		—		3,535
Asset-backed	—		433		—		433
Corporate debt	—		1,719		—		1,719
Total available-for-sale securities	2,055		27,482		4		29,541
Mortgage loans held-for-sale (c)	—		13		—		13
Finance receivables and loans, net
Consumer other (c)	—		—		3		3
Other assets
Derivative contracts in a receivable position
Interest rate	—		22		—		22
Equity	1		—		—		1
Total derivative contracts in a receivable position	1		22		—		23
Total assets	$	2,698	$	27,517	$	8	$	30,223
Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
Derivative contracts in a payable position
Foreign currency	$	—	$	2	$	—	$	2
Credit	—		—		39		39
Equity	1		—		—		1
Total derivative contracts in a payable position	1		2		39		42
Total liabilities	$	1	$	2	$	39	$	42

(a)Our direct investment in any one industry did not exceed 15%.

(b)Excludes $38 million of equity securities that are measured at fair value using the net asset value practical expedient and therefore are not classified in the fair value hierarchy.

(c)Carried at fair value due to fair value option elections.

62

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

The following tables present the reconciliation for all Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. We often economically hedge the fair value change of our assets or liabilities with derivatives and other financial instruments. The Level 3 items presented below may be hedged by derivatives and other financial instruments that are classified as Level 1 or Level 2. Thus, the following tables do not fully reflect the impact of our risk-management activities.

	Equity securities (a)				Available-for-sale securities				Finance receivables and loans, net (b)
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Assets
Fair value at April 1,	$	1	$	1	$	4	$	11	$	2	$	7
Net realized/unrealized gains
Included in earnings	—		1		—		—		—		—
Included in OCI	—		—		—		—		—		—
Purchases	—		—		1		1		—		4
Sales	—		—		—		—		—		—
Issuances	—		—		—		—		—		—
Settlements	—		—		—		—		(2)		(4)
Transfers into Level 3	—		—		—		—		—		—
Transfers out of Level 3	—		—		—		—		—		—
Fair value at June 30,	$	1	$	2	$	5	$	12	$	—	$	7
Net unrealized gains still held at June 30,
Included in earnings	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Included in OCI	—		—		—		—		—		—

(a)Net realized/unrealized gains are reported as other gain (loss) on investments, net, in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(b)Carried at fair value due to fair value option elections.

	Derivative liabilities, net of derivative assets (a)
($ in millions)	2023		2022
Liabilities
Fair value at April 1,	$	42	$	61
Net realized/unrealized (gains) losses
Included in earnings	(3)		(1)
Included in OCI	—		—
Purchases	—		—
Sales	—		—
Issuances	—		—
Settlements	(25)		(10)
Transfers into Level 3	—		—
Transfers out of Level 3 (b)	4		—
Fair value at June 30,	$	18	$	50
Net unrealized gains still held at June 30,
Included in earnings	$	(1)	$	(1)
Included in OCI	—		—

(a)Net realized/unrealized (gains) losses are reported as gain on mortgage and automotive loans, net, and other income, net of losses, in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(b)Represents the settlement value of interest rate derivative assets that are transferred to loans held-for-sale within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy during the three months ended June 30, 2023. This transfer is deemed to have occurred at the end of the reporting period.

63

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

	Equity securities (a)				Available-for-sale securities				Finance receivables and loans, net (b) (c)
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Assets
Fair value at January 1,	$	1	$	9	$	4	$	9	$	3	$	7
Net realized/unrealized gains (losses)
Included in earnings	—		2		—		—		—		(1)
Included in OCI	—		—		—		—		—		—
Purchases	—		—		1		3		—		8
Sales	—		(9)		—		—		—		—
Issuances	—		—		—		—		—		—
Settlements	—		—		—		—		(3)		(7)
Transfers into Level 3	—		—		—		—		—		—
Transfers out of Level 3	—		—		—		—		—		—
Fair value at June 30,	$	1	$	2	$	5	$	12	$	—	$	7
Net unrealized losses still held at June 30,
Included in earnings	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(1)
Included in OCI	—		—		—		—		—		—

(a)Net realized/unrealized gains are reported as other gain (loss) on investments, net, in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(b)Carried at fair value due to fair value option elections.

(c)Net realized/unrealized losses are reported as other income, net of losses, in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

	Derivative liabilities, net of derivative assets (a)
($ in millions)	2023		2022
Liabilities
Fair value at January 1,	$	39	$	53
Net realized/unrealized (gains) losses
Included in earnings	(3)		7
Included in OCI	—		—
Purchases	—		—
Sales	—		—
Issuances	—		—
Settlements	(25)		(10)
Transfers into Level 3	—		—
Transfers out of Level 3 (b)	7		—
Fair value at June 30,	$	18	$	50
Net unrealized gains still held at June 30,
Included in earnings	$	(1)	$	(4)
Included in OCI	—		—

(a)Net realized/unrealized (gains) losses are reported as gain on mortgage and automotive loans, net, and other income, net of losses, in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(b)Represents the settlement value of interest rate derivative assets that are transferred to loans held-for-sale within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy during the six months ended June 30, 2023. This transfer is deemed to have occurred at the end of the reporting period.

64

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Nonrecurring Fair Value

We may be required to measure certain assets and liabilities at fair value from time to time. These periodic fair value measures typically result from the application of lower-of-cost or fair value accounting or certain impairment measures. These items would constitute nonrecurring fair value measures.

The following tables display assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and still held at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. The amounts are generally as of the end of each period presented, which approximate the fair value measurements that occurred during each period.

	Nonrecurring fair value measurements								Lower-of-cost-or-fair-value reserve, valuation reserve, or cumulative adjustments		Total gain (loss) included in earnings
June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Loans held-for-sale, net	$	—	$	—	$	261	$	261	$	—	n/m	(a)
Commercial finance receivables and loans, net (b)
Automotive	—		—		20		20		(5)		n/m	(a)
Other	—		—		101		101		(60)		n/m	(a)
Total commercial finance receivables and loans, net	—		—		121		121		(65)		n/m	(a)
Other assets
Nonmarketable equity investments	—		6		—		6		—		n/m	(a)
Repossessed and foreclosed assets (c)	—		—		11		11		(1)		n/m	(a)
Total assets	$	—	$	6	$	393	$	399	$	(66)	n/m

n/m = not meaningful

(a)We consider the applicable valuation allowance, allowance for loan losses, or cumulative adjustments to be the most relevant indicator of the impact on earnings caused by the fair value measurement. Accordingly, the table above excludes total gains and losses included in earnings for these items. The carrying values are inclusive of the respective valuation reserve, loan loss allowance, or cumulative adjustment.

(b)Represents collateral-dependent loans held for investment for which a nonrecurring measurement was made. The related allowance for loan losses represents the cumulative fair value adjustments for those specific receivables.

(c)The allowance provided for repossessed and foreclosed assets represents any cumulative valuation adjustment recognized to adjust the assets to fair value.

	Nonrecurring fair value measurements								Lower-of-cost-or-fair-value reserve, valuation reserve, or cumulative adjustments		Total gain (loss) included in earnings
December 31, 2022 ($ in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Loans held-for-sale, net	$	—	$	—	$	641	$	641	$	—	n/m	(a)
Commercial finance receivables and loans, net (b)
Automotive	—		—		3		3		—		n/m	(a)
Other	—		—		39		39		(89)		n/m	(a)
Total commercial finance receivables and loans, net	—		—		42		42		(89)		n/m	(a)
Other assets
Nonmarketable equity investments	—		—		12		12		3		n/m	(a)
Repossessed and foreclosed assets (c)	—		—		5		5		—		n/m	(a)
Total assets	$	—	$	—	$	700	$	700	$	(86)	n/m

n/m = not meaningful

(a)We consider the applicable valuation allowance, allowance for loan losses, or cumulative adjustments to be the most relevant indicator of the impact on earnings caused by the fair value measurement. Accordingly, the table above excludes total gains and losses included in earnings for these items. The carrying values are inclusive of the respective valuation reserve, loan loss allowance, or cumulative adjustment.

(b)Represents collateral-dependent loans held for investment for which a nonrecurring measurement was made. The related allowance for loan losses represents the cumulative fair value adjustments for those specific receivables.

(c)The allowance provided for repossessed and foreclosed assets represents any cumulative valuation adjustment recognized to adjust the assets to fair value.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Fair Value Option for Financial Assets

We elected the fair value option for an insignificant amount of conforming mortgage loans held-for-sale and certain personal lending finance receivables. We elected the fair value option for conforming mortgage loans held-for-sale to mitigate earnings volatility by better matching the accounting for the assets with the related derivatives. We elected the fair value option for certain personal lending finance receivables to mitigate the complexities of recording these loans at amortized cost. Our intent in electing fair value measurement was to mitigate a divergence between accounting gains or losses and economic exposure for certain assets and liabilities.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following table presents the carrying and estimated fair value of financial instruments, except for those recorded at fair value on a recurring basis presented in the previous section of this note titled Recurring Fair Value. When possible, we use quoted market prices to determine fair value. Where quoted market prices are not available, the fair value is internally derived based on appropriate valuation methodologies with respect to the amount and timing of future cash flows and estimated discount rates. However, considerable judgment is required in interpreting current market data to develop the market assumptions and inputs necessary to estimate fair value. As such, the actual amount received to sell an asset or the amount paid to settle a liability could differ from our estimates. Fair value information presented herein was based on information available at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

			Estimated fair value
($ in millions)	Carrying value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
June 30, 2023
Financial assets
Held-to-maturity securities	$	1,030	$	—	$	850	$	—	$	850
Loans held-for-sale, net	261		—		—		261		261
Finance receivables and loans, net	134,668		—		—		135,779		135,779
FHLB/FRB stock (a)	754		—		754		—		754
Financial liabilities
Deposit liabilities	$	55,309	$	—	$	—	$	55,053	$	55,053
Short-term borrowings	2,194		—		—		2,234		2,234
Long-term debt	20,141		—		13,850		6,679		20,529
December 31, 2022
Financial assets
Held-to-maturity securities	$	1,062	$	—	$	884	$	—	$	884
Loans held-for-sale, net	641		—		—		641		641
Finance receivables and loans, net	132,034		—		—		133,856		133,856
FHLB/FRB stock (a)	719		—		719		—		719
Financial liabilities
Deposit liabilities	$	42,336	$	—	$	—	$	41,909	$	41,909
Short-term borrowings	2,399		—		—		2,417		2,417
Long-term debt	17,762		—		12,989		5,263		18,252

(a)Included in other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

In addition to the financial instruments presented in the above table, we have various financial instruments for which the carrying value approximates the fair value due to their short-term nature and limited credit risk. These instruments include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, cash collateral, accrued interest receivable, accrued interest payable, trade receivables and payables, and other short-term receivables and payables. Included in cash and cash equivalents are highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value due to interest rate, quoted price, or penalty on withdrawal. Classified as Level 1 under the fair value hierarchy, cash and cash equivalents generally expose us to limited credit risk and are so near maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.

21.    Offsetting Assets and Liabilities

Our derivative contracts and repurchase/reverse repurchase transactions are generally supported by qualifying master netting and master repurchase agreements. These agreements are legally enforceable bilateral agreements that (i) create a single legal obligation for all individual transactions covered by the agreement to the nondefaulting entity upon an event of default of the counterparty, including bankruptcy, insolvency, or similar proceeding, and (ii) provide the nondefaulting entity the right to accelerate, terminate, and close-out on a net basis all transactions under the agreement and to liquidate or set off collateral promptly upon an event of default of the counterparty.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

To further mitigate the risk of counterparty default related to derivative instruments, we maintain collateral agreements with certain counterparties. The agreements require both parties to maintain collateral in the event the fair values of the derivative financial instruments meet established thresholds. In the event that either party defaults on the obligation, the secured party may seize the collateral. Generally, our collateral arrangements are bilateral such that we and the counterparty post collateral for the obligation. Contractual terms provide for standard and customary exchange of collateral based on changes in the market value of the outstanding derivatives. A party posts additional collateral when their obligation rises or removes collateral when it falls, such that the net replacement cost of the nondefaulting party is covered in the event of counterparty default.

In certain instances, as it relates to our derivative instruments, we have the option to report derivative assets and liabilities as well as assets and liabilities associated with cash collateral received or delivered that is governed by a master netting agreement on a net basis as long as certain qualifying criteria are met. Similarly, for our repurchase/reverse repurchase transactions, we have the option to report recognized assets and liabilities subject to a master netting agreement on a net basis if certain qualifying criteria are met. At June 30, 2023, these instruments are reported as gross assets and gross liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. For additional information on derivative instruments and hedging activities, refer to Note 18.

The composition of offsetting derivative instruments, financial assets, and financial liabilities was as follows.

	Gross amounts of recognized assets/liabilities		Gross amounts offset on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet		Net amounts of assets/liabilities presented on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet		Gross amounts not offset on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet
($ in millions)							Financial instruments		Collateral (a) (b) (c)		Net amount
June 30, 2023
Assets
Derivative assets (d)	35		—		35		(1)		(29)		5
Total assets	$	35	$	—	$	35	$	(1)	$	(29)	$	5
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities (e)	22		—		22		(1)		(2)		19
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (f)	994		—		994		—		(994)		—
Total liabilities	$	1,016	$	—	$	1,016	$	(1)	$	(996)	$	19
December 31, 2022
Assets
Derivative assets	$	23	$	—	$	23	$	(1)	$	(22)	$	—
Total assets	$	23	$	—	$	23	$	(1)	$	(22)	$	—
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities (e)	$	42	$	—	$	42	$	(1)	$	(1)	$	40
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (f)	499		—		499		—		(499)		—
Total liabilities	$	541	$	—	$	541	$	(1)	$	(500)	$	40

(a)Financial collateral received/pledged shown as a balance based on the sum of all net asset and liability positions between Ally and each individual derivative counterparty.

(b)Amounts disclosed are limited to the financial asset or liability balance and, accordingly, exclude excess collateral received or pledged and noncash collateral received. We do not record noncash collateral received on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet unless certain conditions are met.

(c)Certain agreements grant us the right to sell or pledge the noncash assets we receive as collateral. We have not sold or pledged any of the noncash collateral received under these agreements.

(d)Includes derivative assets with no offsetting arrangements of $2 million as of June 30, 2023.

(e)Includes derivative liabilities with no offsetting arrangements of $19 million and $39 million as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

(f)For additional information on securities sold under agreements to repurchase, refer to Note 12.

22.    Segment Information

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise that engage in business activity from which revenues are earned and expenses incurred for which discrete financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by our chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.

We report our results of operations on a business-line basis through four operating segments: Automotive Finance operations, Insurance operations, Mortgage Finance operations, and Corporate Finance operations, with the remaining activity reported in Corporate and Other. The

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

operating segments are determined based on the products and services offered, and reflect the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by management. The following is a description of each of our reportable operating segments.

Dealer Financial Services

Dealer Financial Services comprises the following two segments.

•Automotive Finance operations — One of the largest full-service automotive finance operations in the United States providing automotive financing services to consumers, automotive dealers and retailers, companies, and municipalities. Our automotive finance services include providing retail installment sales contracts, loans and operating leases, offering term loans to dealers, financing dealer floorplans and other lines of credit to dealers, warehouse lines to automotive retailers, fleet financing, providing financing to companies and municipalities for the purchase or lease of vehicles, and vehicle-remarketing services.

•Insurance operations — A complementary automotive-focused business offering both consumer finance protection and insurance products sold primarily through the automotive dealer channel, and commercial insurance products sold directly to dealers. As part of our focus on offering dealers a broad range of consumer financial and insurance products, we provide VSCs, VMCs, and GAP products. We also underwrite select commercial insurance coverages, which primarily insure dealers’ vehicle inventory.

Mortgage Finance operations

Our held-for-investment portfolio includes our direct-to-consumer Ally Home mortgage offering and bulk purchases of high-quality jumbo and LMI mortgage loans originated by third parties. Through our direct-to-consumer channel, we offer a variety of competitively priced jumbo and conforming fixed- and adjustable-rate mortgage products through a third party. Through the bulk loan channel, we purchase loans from several qualified sellers on a servicing-released basis, allowing us to directly oversee servicing activities and manage refinancing through our direct-to-consumer channel.

Corporate Finance operations

Our Corporate Finance operations provide senior secured leveraged asset-based and cash flow loans to mostly U.S.-based middle-market companies, with a focus on businesses owned by private equity sponsors. These loans are typically used for leveraged buyouts, refinancing and recapitalizations, mergers and acquisitions, growth, turnarounds, and debtor-in-possession financings. We also provide, through our Lender Finance business, nonbank wholesale-funded managers with partial funding for their direct-lending activities, which is principally leveraged loans. Additionally, we offer a commercial real estate product, currently focused on lending to skilled nursing facilities, senior housing, and medical office buildings.

Corporate and Other

Corporate and Other primarily consists of centralized corporate treasury activities, such as management of the cash and corporate investment securities and loan portfolios, short- and long-term debt, retail and brokered deposit liabilities, derivative instruments, original issue discount, and the residual impacts of our corporate FTP and treasury ALM activities. Corporate and Other also includes certain equity investments, which primarily consist of FHLB and FRB stock—as well as other equity investments through Ally Ventures, our strategic investment business—and the management of our legacy mortgage portfolio, which primarily consists of loans originated prior to January 1, 2009, and reclassifications and eliminations between the reportable operating segments. Financial results related to Ally Invest, our digital brokerage and wealth management offering, Ally Lending, our point-of-sale financing business, Ally Credit Card, and CRA loans and investments are also included within Corporate and Other.

We utilize an FTP methodology for the majority of our business operations. The FTP methodology assigns charge rates and credit rates to classes of assets and liabilities on a match funded basis, aligned with the expected duration and the benchmark rate curve plus an assumed credit spread. Match funding allocates interest income and interest expense to these reportable segments so their respective results are insulated from interest rate risk. This methodology is consistent with our ALM practices, which includes managing interest rate risk centrally at a corporate level. The net residual impact of the FTP methodology is included within the results of Corporate and Other.

The information presented in our reportable operating segments is based in part on internal allocations and methodologies, including a COH methodology, which involves management judgment. COH methodology is used for measuring the profit and loss of our reportable operating segments. We have various enterprise functions, such as technology, marketing, finance, compliance, internal audit, and risk. Operating expenses from the enterprise functions are either directly allocated to the reportable operating segment, indirectly allocated to the reportable operating segment utilizing the COH methodology, or remain in Corporate and Other. COH methodology considers the reportable operating segment expense base and enterprise function expenses. The reportable operating segment expense base is used to determine the allocation mix. This mix is applied to the allocable expenses in Corporate and Other to determine the COH for the respective reportable operating segment. Allocable enterprise function costs are primarily technology and marketing expenses. Generally, costs that remain within Corporate and Other that are not allocated to our reportable operating segments include marketing sponsorships, treasury and other corporate activities, and charitable contributions.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Financial information for our reportable operating segments is summarized as follows.

Three months ended June 30, ($ in millions)	Automotive Finance operations		Insurance operations		Mortgage Finance operations		Corporate Finance operations		Corporate and Other		Consolidated (a)
2023
Net financing revenue and other interest income	$	1,349	$	29	$	53	$	92	$	50	$	1,573
Other revenue	83		337		5		28		53		506
Total net revenue	1,432		366		58		120		103		2,079
Provision for credit losses	331		—		—		15		81		427
Total noninterest expense	600		358		37		33		221		1,249
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense	$	501	$	8	$	21	$	72	$	(199)	$	403
Total assets	$	113,757	$	8,890	$	18,997	$	10,190	$	45,407	$	197,241
2022
Net financing revenue and other interest income	$	1,301	$	20	$	56	$	77	$	310	$	1,764
Other revenue	72		158		4		19		59		312
Total net revenue	1,373		178		60		96		369		2,076
Provision for credit losses	228		—		—		8		68		304
Total noninterest expense	545		300		54		28		211		1,138
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense	$	600	$	(122)	$	6	$	60	$	90	$	634
Total assets	$	107,178	$	8,819	$	19,126	$	8,890	$	41,690	$	185,703

(a)Net financing revenue and other interest income after the provision for credit losses totaled $1.1 billion and $1.5 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

Six months ended June 30, ($ in millions)	Automotive Finance operations		Insurance operations		Mortgage Finance operations		Corporate Finance operations		Corporate and Other		Consolidated (a)
2023
Net financing revenue and other interest income	$	2,671	$	55	$	107	$	195	$	147	$	3,175
Other revenue	160		718		9		57		60		1,004
Total net revenue	2,831		773		116		252		207		4,179
Provision for credit losses	682		—		(1)		30		162		873
Total noninterest expense	1,206		673		75		78		483		2,515
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense	$	943	$	100	$	42	$	144	$	(438)	$	791
Total assets	$	113,757	$	8,890	$	18,997	$	10,190	$	45,407	$	197,241
2022
Net financing revenue and other interest income	$	2,596	$	37	$	109	$	160	$	555	$	3,457
Other revenue	140		428		18		43		125		754
Total net revenue	2,736		465		127		203		680		4,211
Provision for credit losses	332		—		—		14		125		471
Total noninterest expense	1,079		574		110		65		432		2,260
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense	$	1,325	$	(109)	$	17	$	124	$	123	$	1,480
Total assets	$	107,178	$	8,819	$	19,126	$	8,890	$	41,690	$	185,703

(a)Net financing revenue and other interest income after the provision for credit losses totaled $2.3 billion and $3.0 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

23.    Contingencies and Other Risks

As a financial-services company, we are regularly involved in pending or threatened legal proceedings and other matters and are or may be subject to potential liability in connection with them. These legal matters may be formal or informal and include litigation and arbitration with one or more identified claimants, certified or purported class actions with yet-to-be-identified claimants, and regulatory or other governmental information-gathering requests, examinations, investigations, and enforcement proceedings. Our legal matters exist in varying stages of adjudication, arbitration, negotiation, or investigation and span our business lines and operations. Claims may be based in law or equity—such as those arising under contracts or in tort and those involving banking, consumer-protection, securities, tax, employment, and other laws—and some can present novel legal theories and allege substantial or indeterminate damages.

Ally and its subsidiaries, including Ally Bank, also are or may be subject to potential liability under other contingent exposures, including indemnification, tax, self-insurance, and other miscellaneous contingencies.

We accrue for a legal matter or other contingent exposure when a loss becomes probable and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Accruals are evaluated each quarter and may be adjusted, upward or downward, based on our best judgment after consultation with counsel. No assurance exists that our accruals will not need to be adjusted in the future. When a probable or reasonably possible loss on a legal matter or other contingent exposure could be material to our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows, we provide disclosure in this note as prescribed by ASC Topic 450, Contingencies. Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information related to our policy for establishing accruals.

The course and outcome of legal matters are inherently unpredictable. This is especially so when a matter is still in its early stages, the damages sought are indeterminate or unsupported, significant facts are unclear or disputed, novel questions of law or other meaningful legal uncertainties exist, a request to certify a proceeding as a class action is outstanding or granted, multiple parties are named, or regulatory or other governmental entities are involved. Other contingent exposures and their ultimate resolution are similarly unpredictable for reasons that can vary based on the circumstances.

As a result, we often are unable to determine how or when threatened or pending legal matters and other contingent exposures will be resolved and what losses may be incrementally and ultimately incurred. Actual losses may be higher or lower than any amounts accrued or estimated for those matters and other exposures, possibly to a significant degree.

Subject to the foregoing, based on our current knowledge and after consultation with counsel, we do not believe that the ultimate outcomes of currently threatened or pending legal matters and other contingent exposures are likely to be material to our consolidated financial condition after taking into account existing accruals. In light of the uncertainties inherent in these matters and other exposures, however, one or more of them could be material to our results of operations or cash flows during a particular reporting period, depending on factors such as the amount of the loss or liability and the level of our income for that period.

24.    Subsequent Events

Declaration of Common Dividend

On July 17, 2023, our Board declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.30 per share on all common stock. The dividend is payable on August 15, 2023, to stockholders of record at the close of business on August 1, 2023.

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Item 2.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Cautionary Notice about Forward-Looking Statements and Other Terms

From time to time we have made, and in the future will make, forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements often use words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “pursue,” “seek,” “continue,” “estimate,” “project,” “outlook,” “forecast,” “potential,” “target,” “objective,” “trend,” “plan,” “goal,” “initiative,” “priorities,” or other words of comparable meaning or future-tense or conditional verbs such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “would,” or “could.” Forward-looking statements convey our expectations, intentions, or forecasts about future events, circumstances, or results.

This report, including any information incorporated by reference in this report, contains forward-looking statements. We also may make forward-looking statements in other documents that are filed or furnished with the SEC. In addition, we may make forward-looking statements orally or in writing to investors, analysts, members of the media, or others.

All forward-looking statements, by their nature, are subject to assumptions, risks, and uncertainties, which may change over time and many of which are beyond our control. You should not rely on any forward-looking statement as a prediction or guarantee about the future. Actual future objectives, strategies, plans, prospects, performance, conditions, or results may differ materially from those set forth in any forward-looking statement. While no list of assumptions, risks, or uncertainties could be complete, some of the factors that may cause actual results or other future events or circumstances to differ from those in forward-looking statements include:

•evolving local, regional, national, or international business, economic, or political conditions;

•changes in laws or the regulatory or supervisory environment, including as a result of financial-services legislation, regulation, or policies or changes in government officials or other personnel;

•changes in monetary, fiscal, or trade laws or policies, including as a result of actions by governmental agencies, central banks, or supranational authorities;

•changes in accounting standards or policies;

•changes in the automotive industry or the markets for new or used vehicles, including the rise of vehicle sharing and ride hailing, the development of autonomous and alternative-energy vehicles, and the impact of demographic shifts on attitudes and behaviors toward vehicle type, ownership, and use;

•any instability or breakdown in the financial system, including as a result of the failure of a financial institution or other participant in it;

•disruptions or shifts in investor sentiment or behavior in the securities, capital, or other financial markets, including financial or systemic shocks and volatility or changes in market liquidity, interest or currency rates, or valuations;

•the discontinuation of LIBOR and any negative impacts that could result;

•changes in business or consumer sentiment, preferences, or behavior, including spending, borrowing, or saving by businesses or households;

•changes in our corporate or business strategies, the composition of our assets, or the way in which we fund those assets;

•our ability to execute our business strategy for Ally Bank, including its digital focus;

•our ability to optimize our automotive finance and insurance businesses and to continue diversifying into and growing other consumer and commercial business lines, including mortgage lending, point-of-sale personal lending, credit cards, corporate finance, brokerage, and wealth management;

•our ability to develop capital plans acceptable to the FRB and our ability to implement them, including any payment of dividends or share repurchases;

•our ability to conduct appropriate stress tests and effectively plan for and manage capital or liquidity consistent with evolving business or operational needs, risk-management standards, and regulatory or supervisory requirements or expectations;

•our ability to cost-effectively fund our business and operations, including through deposits and the capital markets;

•changes in any credit rating assigned to Ally, including Ally Bank;

•adverse publicity or other reputational harm to us, our service providers, or our senior officers;

•our ability to develop, maintain, or market our products or services or to absorb unanticipated costs or liabilities associated with those products or services;

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•our ability to innovate, to anticipate the needs of current or future customers, to successfully compete, to increase or hold market share in changing competitive environments, or to deal with pricing or other competitive pressures;

•the continuing profitability and viability of our dealer-centric automotive finance and insurance businesses, especially in the face of competition from captive finance companies and their automotive manufacturing sponsors and challenges to the dealer’s role as intermediary between manufacturers and purchasers;

•our ability to appropriately underwrite loans that we originate or purchase and to otherwise manage credit risk;

•changes in the credit, liquidity, or other financial condition of our customers, counterparties, service providers, or competitors;

•our ability to effectively deal with economic, business, or market slowdowns or disruptions;

•our ability to address heightened scrutiny and expectations from supervisory or other governmental authorities and to timely and credibly remediate related concerns or deficiencies;

•judicial, regulatory, or administrative inquiries, examinations, investigations, proceedings, disputes, or rulings that create uncertainty for, or are adverse to, us or the financial services industry;

•the potential outcomes of judicial, regulatory, or administrative inquiries, examinations, investigations, proceedings, or disputes to which we are or may be subject, and our ability to absorb and address any damages or other remedies that are sought or awarded, and any collateral consequences;

•the performance and availability of third-party service providers on whom we rely in delivering products and services to our customers and otherwise conducting our business and operations;

•our ability to manage and mitigate security risks, including our capacity to withstand cyberattacks;

•our ability to maintain secure and functional financial, accounting, technology, data processing, or other operating systems or infrastructure;

•the adequacy of our corporate governance, risk-management framework, compliance programs, or internal controls over financial reporting, including our ability to control lapses or deficiencies in financial reporting or to effectively mitigate or manage operational risk;

•the efficacy of our methods or models in assessing business strategies or opportunities or in valuing, measuring, estimating, monitoring, or managing positions or risk;

•our ability to keep pace with changes in technology that affect us or our customers, counterparties, service providers, or competitors or to maintain rights or interests in associated intellectual property;

•our ability to successfully make and integrate acquisitions;

•the adequacy of our succession planning for key executives or other personnel and our ability to attract or retain qualified employees;

•natural or man-made disasters, calamities, or conflicts, including terrorist events, cyber-warfare, and pandemics (such as adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on us and our customers, counterparties, employees, and service providers);

•our ability to maintain appropriate ESG practices, oversight, and disclosures;

•policies and other actions of governments to manage and mitigate climate and related environmental risks, and the effects of climate change or the transition to a lower-carbon economy on our business, operations, and reputation; or

•other assumptions, risks, or uncertainties described in the Risk Factors (Part II, Item 1A herein), Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Part I, Item 2 herein), or the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Part I, Item 1 herein) in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or described in any of the Company’s annual, quarterly or current reports.

Any forward-looking statement made by us or on our behalf speaks only as of the date that it was made. We do not undertake to update any forward-looking statement to reflect the impact of events, circumstances, or results that arise after the date that the statement was made, except as required by applicable securities laws. You, however, should consult further disclosures (including disclosures of a forward-looking nature) that we may make in any subsequent Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, or Current Report on Form 8-K.

Unless the context otherwise requires, the following definitions apply. The term “loans” means the following consumer and commercial products associated with our direct and indirect financing activities: loans, retail installment sales contracts, lines of credit, and other financing products excluding operating leases. The term “operating leases” means consumer- and commercial-vehicle lease agreements where Ally is the lessor and the lessee is generally not obligated to acquire ownership of the vehicle at lease-end or compensate Ally for the

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vehicle’s residual value. The terms “lend,” “finance,” and “originate” mean our direct extension or origination of loans, our purchase or acquisition of loans, or our purchase of operating leases as applicable. The term “consumer” means all consumer products associated with our loan and operating-lease activities and all commercial retail installment sales contracts. The term “commercial” means all commercial products associated with our loan activities, other than commercial retail installment sales contracts. The term “partnerships” means business arrangements rather than partnerships as defined by law.

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Overview

Ally Financial Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries unless the context otherwise requires, Ally, the Company, we, us, or our) is a financial-services company with the nation’s largest all-digital bank and an industry-leading automotive financing and insurance business, driven by a mission to “Do It Right” and be a relentless ally for customers and communities. The Company serves customers through a full range of online banking services (including deposits, mortgage lending, point-of-sale personal lending and credit-card products) and securities brokerage and investment advisory services. The Company also includes a corporate finance business that offers capital for equity sponsors and middle-market companies. Ally is a Delaware corporation and is registered as a BHC under the BHC Act and an FHC under the GLB Act.

Primary Business Lines

Dealer Financial Services, which includes our Automotive Finance and Insurance operations, Mortgage Finance, and Corporate Finance are our primary business lines. The remaining activity is reported in Corporate and Other, which primarily consists of centralized treasury activities as well as Ally Invest, our digital brokerage and wealth management offering, Ally Lending, our point-of-sale financing business, Ally Credit Card, CRA loans and investments, and certain strategic investments. The following table summarizes the operating results excluding discontinued operations of each business line. Operating results for each of the business lines are more fully described in the MD&A sections that follow.

	Three months ended June 30,					Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		Favorable/(unfavorable) % change	2023		2022		Favorable/(unfavorable) % change
Total net revenue
Dealer Financial Services
Automotive Finance	$	1,432	$	1,373	4	$	2,831	$	2,736	3
Insurance	366		178		106	773		465		66
Mortgage Finance	58		60		(3)	116		127		(9)
Corporate Finance	120		96		25	252		203		24
Corporate and Other	103		369		(72)	207		680		(70)
Total	$	2,079	$	2,076	—	$	4,179	$	4,211	(1)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense
Dealer Financial Services
Automotive Finance	$	501	$	600	(17)	$	943	$	1,325	(29)
Insurance	8		(122)		107	100		(109)		192
Mortgage Finance	21		6		n/m	42		17		147
Corporate Finance	72		60		20	144		124		16
Corporate and Other	(199)		90		n/m	(438)		123		n/m
Total	$	403	$	634	(36)	$	791	$	1,480	(47)

n/m = not meaningful

•Our Dealer Financial Services business is one of the largest full-service automotive finance operations in the country and offers a wide range of financial services and insurance products to automotive dealerships and their customers. Dealer Financial Services comprises our Automotive Finance and Insurance segments.

Our Automotive Finance operations include purchasing retail installment sales contracts and operating leases from dealers and automotive retailers, extending automotive loans directly to consumers, offering term loans to dealers, financing dealer floorplans and providing other lines of credit to dealers, supplying warehouse lines to automotive retailers, offering automotive-fleet financing, providing financing to companies and municipalities for the purchase or lease of vehicles, and supplying vehicle-remarketing services. Our success as an automotive-finance provider is driven by the consistent and broad range of products and services we offer to dealers and automotive retailers. The automotive marketplace is dynamic and evolving, including substantial investments in electrification by automobile manufacturers and suppliers. We continue to identify and cultivate relationships with automotive retailers, including those with leading e-commerce platforms. We also operate an online direct-lending platform for consumers seeking direct financing. We believe these actions will enable us to respond to the growing trends for a more streamlined and digital automotive financing process to serve both dealers and consumers. Additionally, we provide comprehensive automotive remarketing services, including the use of SmartAuction, our online auction platform, which efficiently supports dealer-to-dealer and other commercial wholesale vehicle transactions. SmartAuction provides diversified fee-based revenue and serves as a means of deepening relationships with our dealership customers. Furthermore, our strong and expansive dealer relationships,

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

comprehensive suite of products and services, full-spectrum financing, and depth of experience position us to evolve with future shifts in automobile technologies, including electrification. We have provided and continue to provide automobile financing for battery-electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles, including brands such as Jeep, Tesla, Ford, and BMW. This positions us to remain a leader in automotive financing as we believe the majority of these vehicles will be sold through dealerships and automotive retailers with whom we have an established relationship. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, $347 million of our consumer automotive retail loan and operating lease originations and purchases were for battery-electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles. As of June 30, 2023, $859 million of our consumer automotive finance receivables and loans had battery-electric or plug-in hybrid vehicles as the underlying collateral, and $662 million of our investment in operating leases were battery-electric or plug-in hybrid vehicles.

We have focused on developing dealer relationships beyond those relationships that primarily were developed through our previous role as a captive finance company for GM and Stellantis. We have established relationships with thousands of automotive dealers through our customer-centric approach and specialized incentive programs designed to drive loyalty amongst dealers to our products and services. Our Growth channel includes brands such as Ford, Toyota, Hyundai, Kia, Nissan, and Honda, as well as used-vehicle-only retailers with a national presence and online-only automotive retailers. As of June 30, 2023, approximately 73% of our Growth channel dealer relationships were with franchised dealers and dealers with a national presence.

Our Insurance operations offer both consumer finance protection and insurance products sold primarily through the automotive dealer channel, and commercial insurance products sold directly to dealers. We serve approximately 2.5 million consumers nationwide across F&I and P&C products. In addition, we offer F&I products in Canada, where we serve more than 400 thousand consumers and are the preferred VSC and other protection plan provider for GM Canada and VSC provider for Subaru Canada. In 2022, we entered into a long-term commitment to continue as the preferred VSC and other protection plan provider for GM Canada.

As part of our focus on offering dealers a broad range of consumer F&I products, we offer VSCs, VMCs, and GAP products. Ally Premier Protection is our flagship VSC offering, which provides coverage for new and used vehicles of virtually all makes and models. We also offer ClearGuard on the SmartAuction platform, which is a protection product designed to minimize the risk to dealers from arbitration claims for eligible vehicles sold at auction. We also underwrite selected commercial insurance coverages, which primarily insure dealers’ wholesale vehicle inventory, and offer additional products to protect a dealer’s business, including property and liability coverage that is underwritten by a third-party carrier with a portion of the insurance risk assumed through a quota share agreement. On a smaller scale, we also periodically assume other insurance risks through quota share arrangements and perform services as an underwriting carrier for an insurance program managed by a third-party where we cede the majority of such business to external reinsurance markets.

Our dealer-centric business model, value-added products and services, full-spectrum financing, and business expertise proven over many credit cycles, make us a premier automotive finance and insurance company ready to support and strengthen our approximately 22,200 active dealer relationships as of June 30, 2023. A dealer is considered to have an active relationship with us if we provided automotive financing, remarketing, or insurance services during the three months ended June 30, 2023.

•Our Mortgage Finance operations consist of the management of held-for-investment and held-for-sale consumer mortgage loan portfolios. Our held-for-investment portfolio includes our direct-to-consumer Ally Home mortgage offering, and bulk purchases of high-quality jumbo and LMI mortgage loans originated by third parties.

Through our direct-to-consumer channel, we offer a variety of competitively priced jumbo and conforming fixed- and adjustable-rate mortgage products through a third party. Under our current arrangement, our direct-to-consumer conforming mortgages are originated as held-for-sale and sold, while jumbo and LMI mortgages are originated as held-for-investment and subserviced by a third party. Loans originated in the direct-to-consumer channel are sourced by existing Ally customer marketing, prospect marketing on third-party websites, and email or direct mail campaigns. In April 2019, we announced a strategic partnership with BMC, which delivers an enhanced end-to-end digital mortgage experience for our customers through our direct-to-consumer channel. Through this partnership, BMC conducts the sales, processing, underwriting, and closing for Ally’s digital mortgage offerings in a highly innovative, scalable, and cost-efficient manner, while Ally retains control of all the marketing and advertising strategies and loan pricing. This partnership with BMC limits operational volatility as the mortgage industry continues to evolve in the current interest rate environment. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, we originated $464 million of mortgage loans through our direct-to-consumer channel. During 2018, we made a strategic equity investment in the parent of BMC (BMC Holdco) that was subsequently increased in 2019 and 2020. The carrying value of this investment was $19 million as of June 30, 2023. This investment is recognized as a nonmarketable equity investment within other assets of our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet and is included in Corporate and Other.

Through the bulk loan channel, we purchase loans from several qualified sellers, including direct originators and large aggregators who have the financial capacity to support strong representations and warranties, and the industry knowledge and experience to originate high-quality assets. Bulk purchases are made on a servicing-released basis, allowing us to directly oversee servicing activities and manage refinancing through our direct-to-consumer channel. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, we purchased $7 million of mortgage loans that were originated by third parties. Our mortgage loan purchases are held-for-investment.

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Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

The combination of our direct-to-consumer strategy and bulk portfolio purchase program provides the capacity to expand revenue sources and further grow and diversify our finance receivable portfolio with an attractive asset class while also deepening relationships with existing Ally customers.

•Our Corporate Finance operations primarily offer senior-secured loans to private equity sponsor-owned U.S.-based middle-market companies and to well-established asset managers that mostly provide leveraged loans. The portfolio is composed of floating-rate leveraged asset-based and cash flow/enterprise value loans. Our Sponsor Finance business focuses on companies owned by private-equity sponsors with loans typically used for leveraged buyouts, refinancing and recapitalizations, mergers and acquisitions, growth, turnarounds, and debtor-in-possession financings. Additionally, our Lender Finance business provides asset managers with facilities to partially fund their direct-lending activities. We also provide a commercial real estate product, currently focused on lending to skilled nursing facilities, senior housing, and medical office buildings.

•Corporate and Other primarily consists of centralized corporate treasury activities such as management of the cash and corporate investment securities and loan portfolios, short- and long-term debt, retail and brokered deposit liabilities, derivative instruments, original issue discount, and the residual impacts of our corporate FTP and treasury ALM activities. Corporate and Other also includes activity related to certain equity investments, which primarily consist of FHLB and FRB stock, as well as other equity investments through Ally Ventures, our strategic investment business. Additionally, Corporate and Other includes the management of our legacy mortgage portfolio, which primarily consists of loans originated prior to January 1, 2009, CRA loans and investments, and reclassifications and eliminations between the reportable operating segments. Costs that are not allocated to our reportable operating segments as part of our COH methodology, which involves management judgment, are also included in Corporate and Other.

Corporate and Other includes the results of Ally Invest, our digital brokerage and wealth management offering, which enables us to complement our competitive deposit products with low-cost investing. The digital wealth management business aligns with our strategy to create a premier digital financial services company and provides additional sources of fee income through asset management and certain other fees, with minimal balance sheet utilization. This business also provides an additional source of low-cost deposits through arrangements with Ally Invest’s clearing broker.

Information related to our point-of-sale financing business, Ally Lending, is also included within Corporate and Other. Ally Lending primarily serves home improvement and medical service providers by enabling promotional and fixed rate installment-loan products through a digital application process at point-of-sale. The home improvement vertical had originations of $546 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023, and now represents approximately 62% of new originations. Point-of-sale lending broadens our capabilities, and expands our product offering into consumer unsecured personal lending, all while helping to further meet the financial needs of our customers.

Financial information related to our credit card business, Ally Credit Card, is included within Corporate and Other. Ally Credit Card is our scalable, digital-first credit card platform and features leading-edge technology, and a proprietary, analytics-based underwriting model. We believe Ally Credit Card enhances our ability to grow and deepen both new and existing customer relationships.

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Consolidated Results of Operations

The following table summarizes our consolidated operating results for the periods shown. Refer to the reportable operating segment sections of the MD&A that follows for a more complete discussion of operating results by business line.

	Three months ended June 30,							Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023			2022			Favorable/(unfavorable) % change	2023			2022			Favorable/(unfavorable) % change
Net financing revenue and other interest income
Total financing revenue and other interest income	$	3,454		$	2,450		41	$	6,740		$	4,761		42
Total interest expense	1,681			467			n/m	3,139			868			n/m
Net depreciation expense on operating lease assets	200			219			9	426			436			2
Net financing revenue and other interest income	1,573			1,764			(11)	3,175			3,457			(8)
Other revenue
Insurance premiums and service revenue earned	310			280			11	616			560			10
Gain on mortgage and automotive loans, net	5			4			25	9			18			(50)
Other gain (loss) on investments, net	26			(124)			121	100			(119)			184
Other income, net of losses	165			152			9	279			295			(5)
Total other revenue	506			312			62	1,004			754			33
Total net revenue	2,079			2,076			—	4,179			4,211			(1)
Provision for credit losses	427			304			(40)	873			471			(85)
Noninterest expense
Compensation and benefits expense	448			437			(3)	985			930			(6)
Insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses	134			89			(51)	222			147			(51)
Other operating expenses	667			612			(9)	1,308			1,183			(11)
Total noninterest expense	1,249			1,138			(10)	2,515			2,260			(11)
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense	403			634			(36)	791			1,480			(47)
Income tax expense from continuing operations	74			152			51	142			343			59
Net income from continuing operations	$	329		$	482		(32)	$	649		$	1,137		(43)
Financial ratios:
Return on average assets (a)	0.68		%	1.06		%	n/m	0.68		%	1.26		%	n/m
Return on average equity (a)	9.57		%	13.36		%	n/m	9.58		%	14.98		%	n/m
Equity to assets (a)	7.11		%	7.92		%	n/m	7.06		%	8.40		%	n/m
Common dividend payout ratio (b)	30.30		%	21.28		%	n/m	30.77		%	18.24		%	n/m

n/m = not meaningful

(a)The ratios were based on average assets and average total equity using an average daily balance methodology.

(b)The common dividend payout ratio was calculated using basic earnings per common share.

We earned net income from continuing operations of $329 million and $649 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $482 million and $1.1 billion for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. During the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, results were favorably impacted by higher total financing revenue and other interest income, as well as higher gain on investments, net. These items were more than offset by higher interest expense, provision for credit losses, and noninterest expense for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023.

Net financing revenue and other interest income decreased $191 million and $282 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, as compared to the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. Consumer automotive revenue increased as higher portfolio yields resulting from pricing actions contributed to the increases in revenue. We continue to opportunistically adjust pricing in response to rising benchmark interest rates. The increases were also impacted by higher average consumer assets resulting from growth in the used-vehicle portfolio, primarily through franchised dealers and national retailers. Commercial automotive revenue increased due to higher yields from higher benchmark interest rates, as our commercial automotive loans are generally variable-rate. Additionally, the increases were impacted by higher asset balances resulting from improvements in new vehicle supply. These increases were more than offset by higher interest expense. We experienced higher interest expense for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

the same periods in 2022, in response to higher benchmark interest rates, which increased our cost of funds associated with our deposit liabilities.

Insurance premiums and service revenue earned was $310 million and $616 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $280 million and $560 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. The increases for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the same periods in 2022, were primarily driven by higher P&C earned premium from higher dealer inventory levels and growth in other dealer-related protection products.

Other gain (loss) on investments, net, were gains of $26 million and $100 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to losses of $124 million and $119 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. The increases for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same periods in 2022, were primarily driven by $25 million and $89 million, respectively, of unrealized gains on equity securities, consistent with broader stock market performance, as compared to the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022, which included $137 million and $202 million of unrealized losses. This was partially offset by realized gains from the sale of available-for-sale securities and equity securities during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022, that did not reoccur.

Other income, net of losses increased $13 million and decreased $16 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2022. The increase for the three months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022, was primarily due to increased late charges and other administrative fees, as delinquencies have increased amid deterioration in macroeconomic conditions, driven by persistent inflation. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, we observed a slowing rate of increase in delinquency trends within our consumer automotive loan portfolio, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease in other income, net of losses for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022, was primarily driven by lower income from equity-method investments and hedging activity.

The provision for credit losses increased $123 million and $402 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. The increases in provision for credit losses for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, were primarily driven by higher net charge-offs across our consumer portfolios. Refer to the Risk Management section of this MD&A for further discussion on our provision for credit losses.

Noninterest expense was $1.2 billion and $2.5 billion for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $1.1 billion and $2.3 billion for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. The increases for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, were driven by increased expenses to support the growth of our consumer product suite and expand our digital capabilities and portfolio of products. Additionally, loss and loss adjustment expense increased for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the same periods in 2022, primarily due to increased weather-related losses attributable to higher weather frequency and severity, as well as growing dealer inventory levels.

We recognized total income tax expense from continuing operations of $74 million and $142 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to income tax expense of $152 million and $343 million for the same periods in 2022. The decreases in income tax expense for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same periods in 2022, were primarily due to the tax effects of a decrease in pretax earnings and an increase in qualified clean vehicle tax credits for purchased plug-in electric vehicles or fuel cell vehicles.

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Dealer Financial Services

Results for Dealer Financial Services are presented by reportable operating segment, which includes our Automotive Finance and Insurance operations.

Automotive Finance

Results of Operations

The following table summarizes the operating results of our Automotive Finance operations. The amounts presented are before the elimination of balances and transactions with our other reportable operating segments.

	Three months ended June 30,					Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		Favorable/(unfavorable) % change	2023		2022		Favorable/(unfavorable) % change
Net financing revenue and other interest income
Consumer	$	1,649	$	1,362	21	$	3,225	$	2,664	21
Commercial	335		142		136	634		271		134
Loans held-for-sale	1		—		n/m	4		—		n/m
Operating leases	392		396		(1)	794		799		(1)
Total financing revenue and other interest income	2,377		1,900		25	4,657		3,734		25
Interest expense	828		380		(118)	1,560		702		(122)
Net depreciation expense on operating lease assets (a)	200		219		9	426		436		2
Net financing revenue and other interest income	1,349		1,301		4	2,671		2,596		3
Other revenue
Other income	83		72		15	160		140		14
Total other revenue	83		72		15	160		140		14
Total net revenue	1,432		1,373		4	2,831		2,736		3
Provision for credit losses	331		228		(45)	682		332		(105)
Noninterest expense
Compensation and benefits expense	160		152		(5)	341		320		(7)
Other operating expenses	440		393		(12)	865		759		(14)
Total noninterest expense	600		545		(10)	1,206		1,079		(12)
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense	$	501	$	600	(17)	$	943	$	1,325	(29)
Total assets	$	113,757	$	107,178	6	$	113,757	$	107,178	6

n/m = not meaningful

(a)Includes net remarketing gains of $70 million and $117 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $50 million and $100 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022.

Our Automotive Finance operations earned income from continuing operations before income tax expense of $501 million and $943 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $600 million and $1.3 billion for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. For the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, the decreases were primarily due to higher interest expense and higher provision for credit losses, partially offset by higher financing revenue.

Consumer automotive loan financing revenue increased $287 million and $561 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2022. Higher portfolio yields resulting from pricing actions contributed to the increases in revenue. We continue to opportunistically adjust pricing in response to rising benchmark interest rates. The increases were also impacted by higher average consumer assets resulting from growth in the used-vehicle portfolio, primarily through franchised dealers and national retailers.

Commercial loan financing revenue increased $193 million and $363 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. The increases were primarily due to higher yields from higher benchmark interest rates, as our commercial automotive loans are generally variable-rate. Additionally, the increases were impacted by higher asset balances resulting from improvements in new vehicle supply.

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Interest expense was $828 million and $1.6 billion for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $380 million and $702 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. The increases for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, were primarily driven by a higher interest rate environment, resulting in higher funding costs.

Total net operating lease revenue increased $15 million and $5 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2022. The increases in net operating lease revenue were driven by higher remarketing gains on off-lease vehicles, primarily due to normalizing volume trends in the contractually priced buyout channels, as well as strong used-vehicle values. Refer to the Operating Lease Residual Risk Management section of this MD&A for further discussion.

Other income, net of losses increased $11 million and $20 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2022. The increases were primarily due to increased late charges and other administrative fees, as delinquencies have increased amid deterioration in macroeconomic conditions, driven by persistent inflation. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, we observed a slowing rate of increase in delinquency trends within our consumer automotive loan portfolio, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022.

Total noninterest expense increased $55 million and $127 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2022. The increases were primarily due to increased expenses to support the growth of our consumer product suite and expand our digital capabilities and portfolio of products. Results were also impacted by a legal settlement recovery during the six months ended June 30, 2022, that did not reoccur.

The provision for credit losses increased $103 million and $350 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. The increases in provision for credit losses were primarily driven by higher net charge-offs during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023. Refer to the Risk Management section of this MD&A for further discussion on our provision for credit losses.

The following table presents the average balance and yield of the loan and operating lease portfolios of our Automotive Financing operations.

	Three months ended June 30,								Six months ended June 30,
	2023				2022				2023				2022
($ in millions)	Average balance (a)		Yield		Average balance (a)		Yield		Average balance (a)		Yield		Average balance (a)		Yield
Finance receivables and loans, net (b)
Consumer automotive (c)	$	84,084	8.81	%	$	79,695	6.82	%	$	83,846	8.65	%	$	78,964	6.72	%
Commercial
Wholesale floorplan (d)	13,764		7.71		11,372		3.45		13,331		7.51		11,482		3.21
Other commercial automotive (e)	5,945		5.16		4,839		4.13		5,851		5.10		4,825		4.15
Investment in operating leases, net (f)	10,110		7.60		10,615		6.66		10,272		7.22		10,746		6.81

(a)Average balances are calculated using an average daily balance methodology.

(b)Nonperforming finance receivables and loans are included in the average balances. For information on our accounting policies regarding nonperforming status, refer to Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

(c)Includes the effects of derivative financial instruments designated as hedges, which is included within Corporate and Other. Excluding the impact of hedging activities, the yield was 7.87% and 7.76% for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and 6.85% and 6.80% for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022.

(d)Includes the effects of derivative financial instruments designated as hedges, which is included within Corporate and Other. Excluding the impact of hedging activities, the yield was 7.57% and 7.36% for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and 3.27% and 3.02% for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022.

(e)Consists primarily of automotive dealer term loans, including those to finance dealership land and buildings, and dealer fleet financing.

(f)Yield includes net gains on the sale of off-lease vehicles of $70 million and $117 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $50 million and $100 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. Excluding these gains and losses on sale, the yield was 4.83% and 4.93% for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to 4.79% and 4.94% for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022.

During the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, our portfolio yield for consumer automotive loans, excluding the impact of hedging activities, increased 102 and 96 basis points, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2022. The increases for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, were primarily driven by higher portfolio yields resulting from pricing actions. We continue to opportunistically adjust pricing in response to rising benchmark interest rates. Our portfolio yield for consumer automotive loans, including the effects of derivative financial instruments designated as hedges, was 94 and 89 basis points higher than our portfolio yield for consumer automotive loans excluding the effects of derivative financial instruments designated as hedges for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. This is attributable to the execution of hedging strategies that are used to mitigate interest rate risks. Refer to Note 18 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Our portfolio yield for investment in operating leases, net, including net gains on the sale of off-lease vehicles, was 7.60% and 7.22% for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to 6.66% and 6.81% for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. The increases were due to higher remarketing gains on off-lease vehicles. Refer to the section titled Operating Lease Residual Risk Management within this MD&A for additional information.

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Automotive Financing Volume

Consumer Automotive Financing

The following table presents retail loan originations and purchases by credit tier and product type.

	Used retail				New retail
Credit Tier (a)	Volume ($ in billions)		% Share of volume	Average FICO®	Volume ($ in billions)		% Share of volume	Average FICO®
Three months ended June 30, 2023
S	$	2.5	37	752	$	1.4	47	748
A	2.9		44	687	1.3		43	687
B	0.8		12	642	0.2		7	653
C	0.2		3	594	0.1		3	622
D	0.1		2	558	—		—	564
E	0.1		2	547	—		—	543
Total retail originations	$	6.6	100	698	$	3.0	100	709
Three months ended June 30, 2022
S	$	1.8	20	742	$	1.0	31	743
A	4.5		49	685	1.7		53	684
B	2.0		22	648	0.4		13	653
C	0.5		6	608	0.1		3	630
D	0.2		2	571	—		—	580
E	0.1		1	557	—		—	—
Total retail originations	$	9.1	100	682	$	3.2	100	698
Six months ended June 30, 2023
S	$	4.1	32	750	$	2.4	42	748
A	5.6		44	687	2.6		46	686
B	2.1		16	646	0.6		10	654
C	0.6		5	604	0.1		2	626
D	0.2		2	563	—		—	572
E	0.1		1	553	—		—	541
Total retail originations	$	12.7	100	693	$	5.7	100	705
Six months ended June 30, 2022
S	$	3.4	20	741	$	2.0	32	744
A	8.3		50	684	3.3		53	684
B	3.7		22	648	0.8		13	652
C	0.9		5	612	0.1		2	627
D	0.3		2	569	—		—	577
E	0.1		1	556	—		—	521
Total retail originations	$	16.7	100	682	$	6.2	100	697

(a)Represents Ally’s internal credit score, incorporating numerous borrower and structure attributes including: severity and aging of delinquency; number of credit inquiries; LTV ratio; term; and payment-to-income ratio. We periodically update our underwriting scorecard, which can have an impact on our credit tier scoring.

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis

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The following table presents the percentage of total retail loan originations and purchases, in dollars, by the loan term in months.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
0–71	14	%	14	%	14	%	14	%
72–75	62		66		64		66
76 +	24		20		22		20
Total retail originations	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%

Retail originations with a term of 76 months or more represented 24% and 22% of total retail originations for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to 20% for both the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. Substantially all the loans originated with a term of 76 months or more during both the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, were considered to be prime and in credit tiers S, A, or B. Our underwriting processes are designed to consider various deal structure variables—such as payment-to-income, LTV, debt-to-income, and FICO® score—that compensate for longer loan terms and mitigate underwriting risk.

During the three months ended June 30, 2023, approximately 81% of our used retail originations were for vehicles with a model year of 2017 or newer. According to the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, the average age of light vehicles in operation in the United States during 2022 was approximately 12 years. Substantially all used retail originations with a term of 76 months or more during the three months ended June 30, 2023, were for vehicles with a model year of 2017 or newer.

The following table presents the percentage of total outstanding retail loans by origination year.

June 30,	2023		2022
Pre-2019	4	%	10	%
2019	6		11
2020	10		17
2021	22		35
2022	37		27
2023	21		—
Total retail	100	%	100	%

The following tables present the total retail loan and operating lease origination and purchase dollars and percentage mix by product type and by channel.

	Consumer automotive financing originations				% Share of Ally originations
Three months ended June 30, ($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023	2022
Used retail	$	6,581	$	9,105	64	69
New retail	2,981		3,260		28	24
Lease	788		888		8	7
Total consumer automotive financing originations (a)	$	10,350	$	13,253	100	100

(a)Includes CSG originations of $1.3 billion and $1.5 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

	Consumer automotive financing originations				% Share of Ally originations
Six months ended June 30, ($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023	2022
Used retail	$	12,666	$	16,727	64	67
New retail	5,650		6,214		28	25
Lease	1,555		1,872		8	8
Total consumer automotive financing originations (a)	$	19,871	$	24,813	100	100

(a)Includes CSG originations of $2.6 billion and $2.8 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

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	Consumer automotive financing originations				% Share of Ally originations
Three months ended June 30, ($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023	2022
Growth channel	$	5,798	$	7,815	56	59
GM dealers	2,313		2,679		22	20
Stellantis dealers	2,239		2,759		22	21
Total consumer automotive financing originations	$	10,350	$	13,253	100	100

	Consumer automotive financing originations				% Share of Ally originations
Six months ended June 30, ($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023	2022
Growth channel	$	11,140	$	14,117	56	57
GM dealers	4,434		5,105		22	20
Stellantis dealers	4,297		5,591		22	23
Total consumer automotive financing originations	$	19,871	$	24,813	100	100

Total consumer automotive loan and operating lease originations decreased $2.9 billion and $4.9 billion for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2022. The decreases were primarily driven by our dynamic underwriting strategies, including strategic pricing and curtailment actions to optimize our risk appetite and returns.

We have included origination metrics by loan term and FICO® Score within this MD&A. In addition, we employ our own risk evaluation, including proprietary risk models, in evaluating credit risk, as described in the section titled Automotive Financing Volume—Acquisition and Underwriting within the MD&A in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The following tables present the percentage of retail loan and operating lease originations and purchases, in dollars, by FICO® Score and product type. We define prime consumer automotive loans primarily as those loans with a FICO® Score at origination of 620 or greater.

	Used retail				New retail				Lease
Three months ended June 30,	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
760 +	22	%	13	%	19	%	14	%	47	%	46	%
720–759	14		12		13		12		17		18
660–719	30		34		30		33		22		23
620–659	18		24		18		22		9		9
540–619	9		11		3		4		3		2
< 540	3		2		—		—		—		—
Unscored (a)	4		4		17		15		2		2
Total consumer automotive financing originations	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%

(a)Unscored are primarily CSG contracts with business entities that have no FICO® Score.

	Used retail				New retail				Lease
Six months ended June 30,	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
760 +	19	%	12	%	18	%	14	%	48	%	45	%
720–759	13		12		12		12		17		18
660–719	30		34		30		32		22		23
620–659	20		25		19		22		9		9
540–619	10		10		4		4		2		3
< 540	3		2		—		—		—		—
Unscored (a)	5		5		17		16		2		2
Total consumer automotive financing originations	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%

(a)Unscored are primarily CSG contracts with business entities that have no FICO® Score.

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Originations with a FICO® Score of less than 620 (considered nonprime) represented 9% of total consumer loan and operating lease originations for both the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to 10% and 9% for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. Consumer loans and operating leases with FICO® Scores of less than 540 represented 2% of total originations for both the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to 2% and 1% for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. Nonprime applications are subject to more stringent underwriting criteria (for example, minimum payment-to-income ratio, maximum debt-to-income ratio, and maximum amount financed), and our nonprime loan portfolio generally does not include any loans with a term of 76 months or more. The carrying value of our held-for-investment, nonprime consumer automotive loans before allowance for loan losses was $8.8 billion at both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, which represented approximately 10.4% and 10.6% of our total consumer automotive loans at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. For discussion of our credit-risk-management practices and performance, refer to the section titled Risk Management.

During the first quarter of 2023, we amended our relationship with Carvana, a leading e-commerce platform for buying and selling used vehicles. Specifically, we decreased our committed facility from a maximum of $5.0 billion to a maximum of $4.0 billion to support our continued efforts to optimize risk-adjusted returns. This commitment is effective for 364 days. As part of the agreement, we purchase finance receivables meeting certain prescribed eligibility requirements on a periodic basis from Carvana. We also have the opportunity to purchase additional contracts from Carvana on an ad-hoc basis that may fall outside of the prescribed eligibility requirements utilized within the recurring pools. The risk profile of the contractual purchases is similar to the volume we fund through other dealer-facing channels. All the finance receivables purchased through this channel are used vehicles, and are included in Growth channel in our consumer origination metrics. While different vintages exhibit varying performance, collectively to date, finance receivables purchased from Carvana have exhibited (1) favorable loss performance, as compared to original expectations assumed at the time of purchase, and (2) consistent delinquency and loss performance compared to loans with similar credit characteristics acquired through our indirect dealer channel. Consumer finance receivables and loans sourced from Carvana represented 7.4% of our total consumer automotive finance receivables and loans as of June 30, 2023. During the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, loan purchases from Carvana were 10% and 9%, respectively, of our total consumer automotive financing originations.

For discussion of manufacturer marketing incentives, refer to the section titled Automotive Financing Volume—Manufacturer Marketing Incentives within the MD&A in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Commercial Wholesale Financing Volume

The following table presents the percentage of average balance of our commercial wholesale floorplan finance receivables, in dollars, by product type and by channel.

	Average balance
	Three months ended June 30,						Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023			2022			2023			2022
Stellantis new vehicles	41		%	30		%	39		%	29		%
Used vehicles	25			48			26			49
GM new vehicles	21			15			22			15
Growth new vehicles	13			7			13			7
Total	100		%	100		%	100		%	100		%
Total commercial wholesale finance receivables	$	13,764		$	11,372		$	13,331		$	11,482

Average commercial wholesale financing receivables outstanding increased $2.4 billion and $1.8 billion during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2022. The increases for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the same periods in 2022, were primarily due to increased industry-wide new vehicle inventory levels. This was partially offset by reduced used vehicle inventory levels across the automotive industry.

During 2022, we amended Carvana’s commercial line of credit to a total of $2.2 billion and included a participation agreement for a total of $200 million. The participation agreement met the requirements for derecognition and therefore all outstanding amounts under this $200 million agreement were excluded from finance receivables and loans, net on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. During the three months ended June 30, 2023, the participation agreement terminated. The credit line reverted to $2.0 billion, with a scheduled maturity in the first quarter of 2024. The line of credit represents a commitment to fund Carvana’s wholesale floorplan financing of used vehicles and is consistent in form and structure with our other wholesale floorplan financing arrangements. This includes the line of credit being fully collateralized to mitigate counterparty credit risk in the event of a default. Carvana asked us to consent to Carvana offering a second-priority lien on much of our collateral, in connection with Carvana’s announcement, on March 22, 2023, that it would be offering noteholders the option to exchange their unsecured notes. On June 2, 2023, Carvana announced the expiration and termination of that offer. Carvana asked us again to consent to Carvana offering a second-priority lien on much of our collateral in connection with Carvana’s announcement, on July 19, 2023, that it had entered into a transaction support agreement with a group of noteholders representing over 90% of the aggregate principal amount outstanding of its existing senior unsecured notes. We considered this consent request in the context of our long-standing business relationship with Carvana, and with the requirement that the terms of Carvana’s debt exchange not impair our first-lien priority on motor

85

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

vehicles or other collateral. We agreed to terms under which we would grant such consent, while maintaining our collateral position, if Carvana decides to complete the debt exchange. At June 30, 2023, Carvana’s gross wholesale floorplan assets outstanding balance was $557 million.

Other Commercial Automotive Financing

We also provide other forms of commercial financing for the automotive industry including automotive dealer term and revolving loans and automotive fleet financing. Automotive dealer term and revolving loans are loans that we make to dealers to finance other aspects of the dealership business, including acquisitions. These loans are usually secured by real estate or other dealership assets and are typically personally guaranteed by the individual owners of the dealership. Additionally, these loans generally include cross-collateral and cross-default provisions. Automotive fleet financing credit lines may be obtained by dealers, their affiliates, and other independent companies that are used to purchase vehicles, which they lease or rent to others. The average balances of other commercial automotive loans increased $1.1 billion and $1.0 billion for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2022, to an average of $5.9 billion for both the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023.

86

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Insurance

Results of Operations

The following table summarizes the operating results of our Insurance operations. The amounts presented are before the elimination of balances and transactions with our other reportable segments.

	Three months ended June 30,							Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023			2022			Favorable/(unfavorable) % change	2023			2022			Favorable/(unfavorable) % change
Insurance premiums and other income
Insurance premiums and service revenue earned	$	310		$	280		11	$	616		$	560		10
Interest and dividends on investment securities, cash and cash equivalents, and other earning assets, net (a)	29			20			45	55			37			49
Other gain (loss) on investments, net (b)	25			(127)			120	97			(141)			169
Other income	2			5			(60)	5			9			(44)
Total insurance premiums and other income	366			178			106	773			465			66
Expense
Insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses	134			89			(51)	222			147			(51)
Acquisition and underwriting expense
Compensation and benefits expense	27			24			(13)	55			52			(6)
Insurance commissions expense	158			151			(5)	315			300			(5)
Other expenses	39			36			(8)	81			75			(8)
Total acquisition and underwriting expense	224			211			(6)	451			427			(6)
Total expense	358			300			(19)	673			574			(17)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense	$	8		$	(122)		107	$	100		$	(109)		192
Total assets	$	8,890		$	8,819		1	$	8,890		$	8,819		1
Insurance premiums and service revenue written	$	299		$	262		14	$	606		$	527		15
Combined ratio (c)	114.6		%	106.0		%		108.3		%	101.3		%

(a)Includes interest expense of $7 million and $15 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and $11 million and $23 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022.

(b)Includes net unrealized gains on equity securities of $24 million and $89 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and net unrealized losses on equity securities of $136 million and $197 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022.

(c)Management uses a combined ratio as a primary measure of underwriting profitability. Underwriting profitability is indicated by a combined ratio under 100% and is calculated as the sum of all incurred losses and expenses (excluding interest and income tax expense) divided by the total of premiums and service revenue earned and other income (excluding interest, dividends, and other investment activity).

Our Insurance operations earned income from continuing operations before income tax expense of $8 million and $100 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to losses of $122 million and $109 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. The increases for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the same periods in 2022, were primarily driven by increases in other gain on investments, net, and insurance premiums and service revenue earned. These increases were partially offset by increases in insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses.

Insurance premiums and service revenue earned was $310 million and $616 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $280 million and $560 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. The increases for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the same periods in 2022, were primarily driven by higher P&C earned premium from higher dealer inventory levels and growth in other dealer-related protection products.

Other gain on investments, net was $25 million and $97 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to other loss on investments, net of $127 million and $141 million for the same periods in 2022. The increases for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, were primarily attributable to $24 million and $89 million, respectively, of unrealized gains on equity securities, consistent with broader stock market performance, as compared to results from the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022, which included $136 million and $197 million of unrealized losses. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, the increase was partially offset by a $48 million decrease in realized gains from equity securities, as elevated realized gains for the comparative period did not reoccur.

Insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses totaled $134 million and $222 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $89 million and $147 million for the same periods in 2022. Loss and loss adjustment expenses for the three

87

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

months and six months ended June 30, 2023, increased primarily due to increased weather-related losses attributable to higher weather frequency and severity, as well as growing dealer inventory levels. During the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, weather-related loss and loss adjustment expenses from our vehicle inventory insurance program was $51 million and $65 million, respectively, compared to $26 million and $28 million during the same periods in 2022. We utilized our excess of loss reinsurance and ceded weather-related losses on our vehicle inventory insurance program for the first quarter of 2023 as losses exceeded the $14 million retention limit. In April 2023, we renewed our annual excess of loss reinsurance agreement and continue to utilize this coverage for our vehicle inventory insurance to manage our risk of weather-related losses under which retention limits vary for each quarter. Additionally, higher GAP losses for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, were primarily driven by higher loss frequency and severity following elevated used vehicle values during 2022 that reduced losses in the prior year.

Our combined ratio was 114.6% and 108.3% for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to 106.0% and 101.3% for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. The increases were primarily driven by an increase in insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, partially offset by higher earned premiums.

Premium and Service Revenue Written

The following table summarizes premium and service revenue written by product, net of premiums ceded to reinsurers, and premiums and service revenue assumed from third-parties. VSC and GAP revenue are earned over the life of the service contract on a basis proportionate to the anticipated loss pattern. Refer to Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion of this revenue stream.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Finance and insurance products
Vehicle service contracts	$	184	$	190	$	354	$	356
Guaranteed asset protection and other finance and insurance products (a)	58		44		114		78
Total finance and insurance products	242		234		468		434
Property and casualty insurance (b)	49		25		124		90
Other premium and service revenue written (c)	8		3		14		3
Total	$	299	$	262	$	606	$	527

(a)Other financial and insurance products include VMCs, ClearGuard, and other ancillary products.

(b)P&C insurance includes vehicle inventory insurance and dealer ancillary products including property and liability coverage underwritten by a third-party carrier earned on a straight line basis.

(c)Primarily includes non-automotive assumed reinsurance and revenue associated with performing services as an underwriting carrier.

Insurance premiums and service revenue written was $299 million and $606 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $262 million and $527 million for the same periods in 2022. The increases were primarily due to higher F&I premiums for other ancillary products in the U.S. and higher volume in Canada, partially offset by a continued shift in VSC product mix toward dealer reinsurance structures, where we earn a fee to administer the contract and cede premium and losses from the contract to the dealer. Additionally, there were increases in written premiums from our P&C business primarily from rising dealer inventory levels and growth in other dealer property and liability products, as well as, growth in other premium and service revenue written from non-automotive assumed reinsurance business.

Cash and Investments

A significant aspect of our Insurance operations is the investment of proceeds from premiums and other revenue sources. We use these investments to satisfy our obligations related to future claims at the time these claims are settled. Our Insurance operations have an Investment Committee, which develops guidelines and strategies for these investments. The guidelines established by this committee reflect our risk appetite, liquidity requirements, regulatory requirements, and rating agency considerations, among other factors.

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

The following table summarizes the composition of our Insurance operations cash and investment portfolio at fair value.

($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents
Noninterest-bearing cash	$	55	$	91
Interest-bearing cash	467		401
Total cash and cash equivalents	522		492
Equity securities	753		675
Available-for-sale securities
Debt securities
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	488		485
U.S. States and political subdivisions	395		474
Foreign government	168		146
Agency mortgage-backed residential	990		1,026
Mortgage-backed residential	228		235
Corporate debt	1,736		1,719
Total available-for-sale securities (amortized cost of $4,527 and $4,636)	4,005		4,085
Total cash, cash equivalents, and securities	$	5,280	$	5,252

In addition to these cash and investment securities, the Insurance segment has interest-bearing intercompany arrangements with Corporate and Other, callable on demand. The intercompany loan balance due to Insurance was $510 million and $417 million at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Related interest income of $3 million and $5 million was recognized for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and $2 million and $5 million was recognized for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022.

89

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Mortgage Finance

Results of Operations

The following table summarizes the activities of our Mortgage Finance operations. The amounts presented are before the elimination of balances and transactions with our reportable segments.

	Three months ended June 30,					Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		Favorable/(unfavorable) % change	2023		2022		Favorable/(unfavorable) % change
Net financing revenue and other interest income
Total financing revenue and other interest income	$	151	$	139	9	$	304	$	269	13
Interest expense	98		83		(18)	197		160		(23)
Net financing revenue and other interest income	53		56		(5)	107		109		(2)
Gain on mortgage loans, net	5		4		25	9		18		(50)
Total net revenue	58		60		(3)	116		127		(9)
Provision for credit losses	—		—		—	(1)		—		n/m
Noninterest expense
Compensation and benefits expense	5		6		17	11		12		8
Other operating expenses	32		48		33	64		98		35
Total noninterest expense	37		54		31	75		110		32
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense	$	21	$	6	n/m	$	42	$	17	147
Total assets	$	18,997	$	19,126	(1)	$	18,997	$	19,126	(1)

n/m = not meaningful

Our Mortgage Finance operations earned income from continuing operations before income tax expense of $21 million and $42 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $6 million and $17 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. The increases for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, were primarily driven by lower noninterest expense, partially offset by lower net financing revenue and other interest income. Additionally, the increase for the six months ended June 30, 2023, was partially offset by lower net gains on the sale of mortgage loans.

Net financing revenue and other interest income was $53 million and $107 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $56 million and $109 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. The decreases in net financing revenue and other interest income for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, were primarily driven by a higher interest rate environment, which increased interest expense. This was partially offset by lower prepayment activity, which resulted in lower premium amortization. Premium amortization was $1 million and $2 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $5 million and $14 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. During the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, we purchased $5 million and $7 million of mortgage loans that were originated by third parties, respectively, compared to $808 million and $1.6 billion during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. We originated $36 million and $56 million of mortgage loans held-for-investment during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $300 million and $984 million during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022.

Gain on sale of mortgage loans, net, was $5 million and $9 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $4 million and $18 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease for the six months ended June 30, 2023, was attributable to lower volume on direct-to-consumer mortgage originations and the subsequent sale of these loans to BMC. We originated $231 million and $408 million of loans held-for-sale during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $584 million and $1.6 billion during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022.

Total noninterest expense was $37 million and $75 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $54 million and $110 million for the same periods in 2022. The decreases for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, were primarily driven by lower operating expenses due to lower origination volumes.

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

The following table presents the total UPB of purchases and originations of consumer mortgages held-for-investment, by FICO® Score at the time of acquisition.

FICO® Score	Volume ($ in millions)		% Share of volume
Three months ended June 30, 2023
740 +	$	34	83
720–739	4		10
700–719	2		5
680–699	1		2
Total consumer mortgage financing volume	$	41	100
Three months ended June 30, 2022
740 +	$	903	81
720–739	119		11
700–719	73		7
680–699	12		1
660–679	1		—
Total consumer mortgage financing volume	$	1,108	100
Six months ended June 30, 2023
740 +	$	55	87
720–739	5		8
700–719	2		3
680–699	1		2
Total consumer mortgage financing volume	$	63	100
Six months ended June 30, 2022
740 +	$	2,169	83
720–739	276		10
700–719	148		6
680–699	22		1
660–679	2		—
Total consumer mortgage financing volume	$	2,617	100

During the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, we purchased and originated fewer consumer mortgage held-for-investment loans, as compared to the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. The decreases were primarily driven by the elevated interest rate environment. When interest rates rise, the likelihood of refinancing decreases and origination volumes tend to decrease.

91

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

The following table presents the net UPB, net UPB as a percentage of total, WAC, premium net of discounts, LTV, and FICO® Scores for the products in our Mortgage Finance held-for-investment loan portfolio.

Product	Net UPB (a) ($ in millions)		% of total net UPB	WAC		Net premium (discount) ($ in millions)		Average refreshed LTV (b)		Average refreshed FICO® (c)
June 30, 2023
Adjustable-rate	$	397	2	3.35	%	$	2	53.31	%	774
Fixed-rate	18,501		98	3.18		(6)		54.49		783
Total	$	18,898	100	3.18		$	(4)	54.46		782
December 31, 2022
Adjustable-rate	$	408	2	3.18	%	$	2	52.64	%	771
Fixed-rate	19,039		98	3.18		(4)		54.69		782
Total	$	19,447	100	3.18		$	(2)	54.65		781

(a)Represents UPB, net of charge-offs.

(b)Updated home values were derived using a combination of appraisals, broker price opinions, automated valuation models, and metropolitan statistical area level house price indices.

(c)Updated to reflect changes in credit score since loan origination.

92

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Corporate Finance

Results of Operations

The following table summarizes the activities of our Corporate Finance operations. The amounts presented are before the elimination of balances and transactions with our reportable segments.

	Three months ended June 30,					Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		Favorable/(unfavorable) % change	2023		2022		Favorable/(unfavorable) % change
Net financing revenue and other interest income
Interest and fees on finance receivables and loans	$	232	$	102	127	$	458	$	195	135
Interest on loans held-for-sale	2		2		—	10		4		150
Interest expense	142		27		n/m	273		39		n/m
Net financing revenue and other interest income	92		77		19	195		160		22
Total other revenue	28		19		47	57		43		33
Total net revenue	120		96		25	252		203		24
Provision for credit losses	15		8		(88)	30		14		(114)
Noninterest expense
Compensation and benefits expense	17		15		(13)	45		38		(18)
Other operating expenses	16		13		(23)	33		27		(22)
Total noninterest expense	33		28		(18)	78		65		(20)
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense	$	72	$	60	20	$	144	$	124	16
Total assets	$	10,190	$	8,890	15	$	10,190	$	8,890	15

n/m = not meaningful

Our Corporate Finance operations earned income from continuing operations before income tax expense of $72 million and $144 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to income earned of $60 million and $124 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. The increases for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, were primarily due to higher net financing and other revenue, partially offset by higher provision for credit losses and noninterest expense as compared to the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022.

Net financing revenue and other interest income was $92 million and $195 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $77 million and $160 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. The increases for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, were primarily due to higher average assets from continued growth in the portfolio, as well as higher interest income resulting from higher rates and all loans in the portfolio being variable rate. This was partially offset by an increase in interest expense as benchmark interest rates continued to rise.

Other revenue increased $9 million and $14 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. The increases were primarily due to higher syndication and fee income for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the same periods in 2022.

The provision for credit losses increased $7 million and $16 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. The increases were primarily driven by specific reserve activity. In the three months ended June 30, 2023, net charge-offs of $56 million were driven by the charge-off of one exposure in our legacy healthcare cashflow vertical, which was fully reserved for and did not impact provision expense in the three months ended June 30, 2023. We previously ceased all originations within this vertical. Refer to the Risk Management section of this MD&A for further discussion on our provision for credit losses.

Total noninterest expense increased $5 million and $13 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. The increases were primarily due to higher direct and allocated expenses related to the growth of the business.

93

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Credit Portfolio

The following table presents loans held-for-sale, the amortized cost of finance receivables and loans outstanding, unfunded commitments to lend, and total serviced loans of our Corporate Finance operations. As of June 30, 2023, 60.0% of our loans and lending commitments were asset-based, with 99.9% in a first-lien position.

($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Loans held-for-sale, net	$	48	$	445
Finance receivables and loans (a)	$	10,132	$	10,147
Unfunded lending commitments (b)	$	7,941	$	6,390
Total serviced loans	$	14,593	$	14,823

(a)Includes $9.0 billion of commercial and industrial loans at both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, and $1.1 billion of commercial real estate loans at both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. Our commercial real estate loans are currently focused on lending to skilled nursing facilities, senior housing, and medical office buildings.

(b)Includes unused revolving credit line commitments for loans held-for-sale and finance receivables and loans, signed commitment letters, and standby letter of credit facilities, which are issued on behalf of clients and may contingently require us to make payments to a third-party beneficiary in the event of a draw by the beneficiary thereunder. As many of these commitments are subject to borrowing base agreements and other restrictive covenants or may expire without being fully drawn, the stated amounts of these unfunded commitments are not necessarily indicative of future cash requirements.

The following table presents the percentage of total finance receivables and loans of our Corporate Finance operations by industry concentration. The finance receivables and loans are reported at amortized cost.

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Industry
Financial services	42.1	%	40.9	%
Services	15.0		13.4
Health services	13.4		14.5
Machinery, equipment, and electronics	7.5		7.3
Automotive and transportation	7.0		8.7
Chemicals and metals	6.6		7.0
Wholesale	2.6		2.6
Other manufactured products	2.1		2.1
Retail trade	1.6		1.7
Other	2.1		1.8
Total finance receivables and loans	100.0	%	100.0	%

94

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Corporate and Other

The following table summarizes the activities of Corporate and Other, which primarily consist of centralized corporate treasury activities such as management of the cash and corporate investment securities and loan portfolios, short- and long-term debt, retail and brokered deposit liabilities, derivative instruments, original issue discount, and the residual impacts of our corporate FTP and treasury ALM activities. Corporate and Other also includes certain equity investments, which primarily consist of FHLB and FRB stock as well as other strategic investments through Ally Ventures, the management of our legacy mortgage portfolio, which primarily consists of loans originated prior to January 1, 2009, the activity related to Ally Invest, Ally Lending, Ally Credit Card, CRA loans and investments, and reclassifications and eliminations between the reportable operating segments. Additionally, Corporate and Other includes costs that are not allocated to our reportable operating segments as part of our COH methodology, which involves management judgment. Refer to Note 22 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.

	Three months ended June 30,					Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		Favorable/(unfavorable) % change	2023		2022		Favorable/(unfavorable) % change
Net financing revenue and other interest income
Interest and fees on finance receivables and loans (a)	$	352	$	95	n/m	$	671	$	153	n/m
Interest on loans held-for-sale	3		2		50	7		3		133
Interest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assets (b)	216		174		24	425		336		26
Interest on cash and cash equivalents	85		5		n/m	138		7		n/m
Total financing revenue and other interest income	656		276		138	1,241		499		149
Interest expense
Original issue discount amortization (c)	15		13		(15)	30		26		(15)
Other interest expense (d)	591		(47)		n/m	1,064		(82)		n/m
Total interest expense	606		(34)		n/m	1,094		(56)		n/m
Net financing revenue and other interest income	50		310		(84)	147		555		(74)
Other revenue
Other gain on investments, net	—		2		(100)	3		20		(85)
Other income, net of losses	53		57		(7)	57		105		(46)
Total other revenue	53		59		(10)	60		125		(52)
Total net revenue	103		369		(72)	207		680		(70)
Provision for credit losses	81		68		(19)	162		125		(30)
Total noninterest expense (e)	221		211		(5)	483		432		(12)
(Loss) income from continuing operations before income tax expense	$	(199)	$	90	n/m	$	(438)	$	123	n/m
Total assets	$	45,407	$	41,690	9	$	45,407	$	41,690	9

n/m = not meaningful

(a)Includes impacts associated with hedging activities within our automotive loan portfolio, consumer other lending activity, and financing revenue from our legacy mortgage portfolio.

(b)Includes impacts associated with hedging activities of our available-for-sale securities.

(c)Amortization is included as interest on long-term debt in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(d)Includes the residual impacts of our FTP methodology and impacts of hedging activities of certain debt obligations.

(e)Includes reductions of $331 million and $665 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and $316 million and $634 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022, related to the allocation of COH expenses to other segments. The receiving segments record their allocation of COH expense within other operating expense.

95

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

The following table presents the scheduled remaining amortization of the original issue discount at June 30, 2023.

Year ended December 31, ($ in millions)	2023		2024		2025		2026		2027		2028 and thereafter (a)		Total
Original issue discount
Outstanding balance at year end	$	832	$	764	$	690	$	608	$	513	$	—
Total amortization (b)	31		68		74		82		95		513		$	863

(a)The maximum annual scheduled amortization for any individual year is $141 million in 2030.

(b)The amortization is included as interest on long-term debt in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

Corporate and Other incurred a loss from continuing operations before income tax expense of $199 million and $438 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to income of $90 million and $123 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. The decreases in income for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, were primarily driven by an increase in interest expense due to a higher interest rate environment, in addition to a decrease in other revenue due to losses on certain equity-method investments during the six months ended June 30, 2023. The losses were partially offset by an increase in total financing revenue and other interest income.

Total financing revenue and other interest income was $656 million and $1.2 billion for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $276 million and $499 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. The increases were primarily driven by the impacts of a higher interest rate environment on the investment securities portfolio and hedging activities, in addition to higher interest associated with cash and cash equivalents and growth within unsecured lending.

Total interest expense increased $640 million and $1.2 billion for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. The increases were primarily driven by a higher interest rate environment, resulting in higher funding costs.

Total other revenue decreased $6 million and $65 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease for the three months ended June 30, 2023, was primarily driven by lower income from equity-method investments and hedging activity, partially offset by increased fee income at Ally Invest. The decrease during the six months ended June 30, 2023, was primarily driven by losses related to certain equity-method investments.

The provision for credit losses increased $13 million and $37 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. For the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, the increases in provision for credit losses were primarily driven by higher net charge-offs within Ally Credit Card and Ally Lending, partially offset by lower portfolio growth in Ally Lending and Ally Credit Card as compared to the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. Refer to the Risk Management section of this MD&A for further discussion on our provision for credit losses.

Noninterest expense increased $10 million and $51 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2022. The increases were primarily driven by increased compensation and benefits expense and other operating expenses.

Total assets were $45.4 billion as of June 30, 2023, compared to $41.7 billion as of June 30, 2022. This increase was primarily driven by an increase in our cash and cash equivalents balance within our investment portfolios, along with growth in consumer loans associated with Ally Lending and Ally Credit Card. Additionally, as of June 30, 2023, the amortized cost of the legacy mortgage portfolio was $255 million, compared to $322 million at June 30, 2022, which partially offset the increase.

96

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Cash and Securities

The following table summarizes the composition of the cash and securities portfolio at fair value for Corporate and Other.

($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents
Noninterest-bearing cash	$	481	$	451
Interest-bearing cash	8,969		4,628
Total cash and cash equivalents	9,450		5,079
Available-for-sale securities
Debt securities
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	1,541		1,531
U.S. States and political subdivisions	270		286
Agency mortgage-backed residential	14,866		15,607
Mortgage-backed residential	3,915		4,064
Agency mortgage-backed commercial	3,684		3,535
Asset-backed	383		433
Total available-for-sale securities (amortized cost of $29,282 and $30,227)	24,659		25,456
Held-to-maturity securities
Debt securities
Agency mortgage-backed residential	850		884
Total held-to-maturity securities (amortized cost of $1,030 and $1,062)	850		884
Total cash, cash equivalents, and securities	$	34,959	$	31,419

Other Investments

The following table summarizes other investments at carrying value for Corporate and Other. Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information on these investments.

($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Other assets
Investment in qualified affordable housing projects	$	1,642	$	1,596
Nonmarketable equity investments	814		794
Equity-method investments (a)	571		563
Total other investments	$	3,027	$	2,953

(a)Primarily comprises 58 and 55 investments made in connection with our CRA program at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. The carrying value of these investments was $564 million and $557 million at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Nonmarketable equity investments and equity-method investments include strategic investments made through Ally Ventures. Ally Ventures identifies, invests in, and builds relationships with key startups. At June 30, 2023, the carrying value of investments made through Ally Ventures was $66 million, comprising 18 investments, as compared to $81 million comprising 18 investments at December 31, 2022. Refer to Note 10 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

97

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Ally Invest

Ally Invest is our digital brokerage and wealth management offering, which enables us to complement our competitive deposit products with low-cost and commission-free investing. The following table presents trading days and average customer trades per day, the number of funded accounts, total net customer assets, and total customer cash balances as of the end of each of the last five quarters.

	June 30, 2023		March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		September 30, 2022		June 30, 2022
Trading days (a)	62.0		62.0		62.5		64.0		62.0
Average customer trades per day, (in thousands)	26.2		29.1		27.1		29.1		33.7
Funded accounts (b) (in thousands)	521		523		518		521		518
Total net customer assets (b) ($ in millions)	$	14,945	$	14,060	$	12,834	$	13,095	$	13,508
Total customer cash balances (b) ($ in millions)	$	1,578	$	1,622	$	1,757	$	1,917	$	2,027

(a)Represents the number of days the New York Stock Exchange and other U.S. stock exchange markets are open for trading. A half day represents a day when the U.S. markets close early.

(b)Represents activity across the brokerage, robo, and wealth management portfolios.

During the three months ended June 30, 2023, total funded accounts remained relatively flat from the prior quarter and increased 1% from the second quarter of 2022. Average customer trades per day decreased 10% from the prior quarter and decreased 22% from the second quarter of 2022, driven primarily by lower customer engagement and market volatility. Additionally, net customer assets increased 6% from the prior quarter and increased 11% from the second quarter of 2022, as a result of increases in equity market valuations.

Ally Lending

Ally Lending is our unsecured personal lending offering, which primarily serves home improvement and medical service providers by enabling promotional and fixed rate installment-loan products through a digital application process at point-of-sale. Total active merchants totaled approximately 3,300 as of June 30, 2023, reflecting a decrease of 4% from June 30, 2022. Total active borrowers totaled approximately 500,000 as of June 30, 2023, reflecting an increase of 26% compared to June 30, 2022.

The following table presents personal lending originations by average FICO® Score.

	Three months ended June 30, 2023			Three months ended June 30, 2022			Six months ended June 30, 2023			Six months ended June 30, 2022
($ in millions)	Volume		Average FICO®	Volume (a)		Average FICO®	Volume		Average FICO®	Volume (a)		Average FICO®
Total personal lending originations	$	436	755	$	591	734	$	876	751	$	1,033	734

(a)Includes loans for which we have elected the fair value option measurement during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022.

During the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, personal lending originations decreased $155 million and $157 million to $436 million and $876 million, as compared to the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022.

The carrying value of our personal lending portfolio was $2.2 billion at June 30, 2023, compared to $1.5 billion at June 30, 2022, while the associated yield was 10.0% for both the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, as compared to 11.9% and 12.3% for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. The decreases in associated yield for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the same periods in 2022, were due to increased originations in the home improvement vertical, as well as a shift in origination mix to customers with higher average FICO® scores.

The following table presents the percentage of total finance receivables and loans of Ally Lending by vertical. The finance receivables and loans are reported at amortized cost.

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Vertical
Home improvement	67.7	%	61.9	%
Medical	32.1		37.9
Other	0.2		0.2
Total finance receivables and loans (a)	100.0	%	100.0	%

(a)Includes loans for which we have elected the fair value option measurement.

98

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Ally Credit Card

Ally Credit Card is our scalable, digital-first credit card platform that features leading-edge technology, and a proprietary, analytics-based underwriting model. The following table presents total active cardholders and finance receivables and loans.

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Total active cardholders (in thousands)	1,146		1,042
Finance receivables and loans ($ in millions)	$	1,757	$	1,599

99

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Risk Management

Managing the risk/reward trade-off is a fundamental component of operating our businesses, and all employees are responsible for managing risk. We use multiple layers of defense to identify, monitor, and manage current and emerging risks.

•Business lines — Responsible for owning and managing all the risks that emanate from their risk-taking activities, including business units and support functions.

•Independent risk management — Operates independent of the business lines and is responsible for establishing and maintaining our risk-management framework and promulgating it enterprise-wide. Independent risk management also provides an objective, critical assessment of risks and—through oversight, effective challenge, and other means—evaluates whether Ally remains aligned with its risk appetite.

•Internal audit — Provides its own independent assessments regarding the quality of our loan portfolios as well as the effectiveness of our risk management, internal controls, and governance. Internal audit includes Audit Services and the Loan Review Group.

Our risk-management framework is overseen by the RC. The RC sets the risk appetite across our company while risk-oriented management committees, the executive leadership team, and our associates identify and monitor current and emerging risks and manage those risks within our risk appetite. Our primary types of risks include credit risk, insurance/underwriting risk, liquidity risk, market risk, business/strategic risk, reputation risk, operational risk, information technology/cybersecurity risk, compliance risk, and conduct risk. For more information on our risk management process, refer to the Risk Management MD&A section of our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

In addition to the primary risks that we manage, climate-related risk has been identified as an emerging risk. Climate-related risk refers to the risk of loss or change in business activities arising from climate change and represents a transverse risk that could impact other risks within Ally’s risk-management framework, such as credit risk from negatively impacted borrowers, reputation risk from increased stakeholder concerns, and operational risk from physical climate risks. Refer to section titled Climate-Related Risk within this section for more information.

100

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Loan and Operating Lease Exposure

The following table summarizes the exposures from our loan and operating-lease activities based on our reportable operating segments.

($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Finance receivables and loans
Automotive Finance (a)	$	105,025	$	102,070
Mortgage Finance	18,894		19,445
Corporate Finance	10,132		10,147
Corporate and Other (b)	4,398		4,086
Total finance receivables and loans	138,449		135,748
Loans held-for-sale
Automotive Finance	10		6
Mortgage Finance (c)	36		13
Corporate Finance	48		445
Corporate and Other	203		190
Total loans held-for-sale	297		654
Total on-balance-sheet loans	138,746		136,402
Whole-loan sales
Automotive Finance	653		227
Corporate and Other	130		103
Total off-balance-sheet loans (d)	783		330
Operating lease assets
Automotive Finance	9,930		10,444
Total operating lease assets	9,930		10,444
Total loan and operating lease exposure	$	149,459	$	147,176

(a)Includes a liability of $432 million and $617 million associated with fair value hedging adjustments at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Refer to Note 18 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

(b)Includes $255 million and $290 million of consumer mortgage loans in our legacy mortgage portfolio at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

(c)Represents the current balance of conforming mortgages originated directly to the held-for-sale portfolio.

(d)Represents the current unpaid principal balance of outstanding loans based on our customary representation and warranty provisions.

The risks inherent in our loan and operating lease exposures are largely driven by changes in the overall economy (including GDP trends and inflationary pressures), used vehicle and housing prices, unemployment levels, real personal income, household savings, and their impact on our borrowers. The potential financial statement impact of these exposures varies depending on the accounting classification and future expected disposition strategy. We retain most of our consumer automotive and credit card loans as they complement our core business model, but we do sell loans from time to time on an opportunistic basis. We ultimately manage the associated risks based on the underlying economics of the exposure. Our operating lease residual risk may be more volatile than credit risk in stressed macroeconomic scenarios. While all operating leases are exposed to potential reductions in used vehicle values, only loans where we take possession of the vehicle are affected by potential reductions in used vehicle values.

Credit Risk

Credit risk is defined as the risk of loss arising from an obligor not meeting its contractual obligations to us. Credit risk includes consumer credit risk, commercial credit risk, and counterparty credit risk.

Credit risk is a major source of potential economic loss to us. Credit risk is monitored by the executive leadership team and our associates, and is regularly reported to and reviewed with the RC. Management oversees credit decisioning, account servicing activities, and credit-risk-management processes, and manages credit risk exposures within our risk appetite. In addition, our Loan Review Group provides an independent assessment of the quality of our credit portfolios and credit-risk-management practices and reports its findings to the RC on a regular basis.

To mitigate risk, we have implemented specific policies and practices across business lines, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative analyses. This reflects our commitment to maintaining an independent and ongoing assessment of credit risk and credit quality. Our policies require an objective and timely assessment of the overall quality of the consumer and commercial loan and operating lease portfolios. This includes the identification of relevant trends that affect the collectability of the portfolios, microsegments of the portfolios that are potential problem areas, loans and operating leases with potential credit weaknesses, and the assessment of the adequacy of internal credit risk policies

101

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

and procedures. Our consumer and commercial loan and operating lease portfolios are subject to periodic stress tests, which include economic scenarios whose severity mirrors those developed and distributed by the FRB to assess how the portfolios may perform in a severe economic downturn. In addition, we establish and maintain underwriting policies and limits across our portfolios and higher risk segments (for example, nonprime) based on our risk appetite.

Another important aspect to managing credit risk involves the need to carefully monitor and manage the performance and pricing of our loan products with the aim of generating appropriate risk-adjusted returns. When considering pricing, various granular risk-based factors are considered such as expected loss rates, loss volatility, anticipated operating costs, and targeted returns on equity. We carefully monitor credit losses and trends in credit losses relative to expected credit losses at contract inception. We closely monitor our loan performance and profitability in light of forecasted economic conditions and manage credit risk and expectations of losses in the portfolio.

We manage credit risk based on the risk profile of the borrower, the source of repayment, the underlying collateral, and current market and economic conditions. We monitor the credit risk profile of individual borrowers, various segmentations (for example, geographic region, product type, industry segment), as well as the aggregate portfolio. We perform quarterly analyses of the consumer automotive, consumer mortgage, consumer other, and commercial portfolios to assess the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses based on historical, current, and anticipated trends. Refer to Note 7 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Additionally, we utilize numerous collection strategies to mitigate loss and provide ongoing support to customers in financial distress. We have enhanced our collection strategies to include customized messaging, digital communication, and proactive monitoring of vendor performance. We may offer several types of assistance to aid our customers based on their willingness and ability to repay their loan. As part of certain programs, we offer loan modifications to qualified borrowers, including payment extensions, interest rate concessions, and principal forgiveness.

Furthermore, we manage our credit exposure to financial counterparties based on the risk profile of the counterparty. Within our policies we have established standards and requirements for managing counterparty risk exposures in a safe and sound manner. Counterparty credit risk is derived from multiple exposure types including derivatives, securities trading, securities financing transactions, lending arrangements, and certain cash balances. For more information on derivative counterparty credit risk, refer to Note 18 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

We employ an internal team of economists to enhance our planning and forecasting capabilities. This team conducts industry and market research, monitors economic risks, and helps support various forms of scenario planning. This group closely monitors macroeconomic trends given the nature of our business and the potential impacts on our exposure to credit risk. The unemployment rate remained low at 3.6% as of June 30, 2023. Sales of new light vehicles rose to an average annual rate of 15.6 million during the second quarter of 2023. Sales of new light motor vehicles remain below the pre-pandemic annual pace of 17.0 million in 2019, driving an increase in used vehicle values, as further described in the section below titled Operating Lease Vehicle Terminations and Remarketing. Additionally, used vehicle values may also be impacted by availability, the price of new vehicles, or changes in customer preferences. However, macroeconomic risks remain elevated.

Consumer Credit Portfolio

During the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, the credit performance of the consumer loan portfolio reflected our underwriting strategy to originate a diversified portfolio of consumer automotive loan assets, including new, used, prime and nonprime finance receivables and loans, high-quality jumbo and LMI mortgage loans that are obtained through bulk loan purchases and direct-to-consumer mortgage originations, as well as point-of-sale personal lending through Ally Lending. We also offer revolving, unsecured loans through Ally Credit Card. The carrying value of our nonprime held-for-investment consumer automotive loans before allowance for loan losses represented approximately 10.4% and 10.6% of our total consumer automotive loans at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. For information on our consumer credit risk practices and policies regarding delinquencies, nonperforming status, and charge-offs, refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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The following table includes consumer finance receivables and loans recorded at amortized cost.

	Outstanding				Nonperforming (a)				Accruing past due 90 days or more (b)
($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Consumer automotive (c) (d)	$	84,294	$	83,286	$	1,098	$	1,187	$	—	$	—
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	18,894		19,445		38		34		—		—
Mortgage — Legacy	255		290		14		15		—		—
Total consumer mortgage	19,149		19,735		52		49		—		—
Consumer other
Personal Lending (e)	2,170		1,987		11		13		—		—
Credit Card	1,757		1,599		55		43		—		—
Total consumer other	3,927		3,586		66		56		—		—
Total consumer finance receivables and loans	$	107,370	$	106,607	$	1,216	$	1,292	$	—	$	—

(a)Includes nonaccrual TDR loans of $684 million at December 31, 2022. Refer to Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information of the elimination of TDR recognition in conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2022-02.

(b)Loans are generally in nonaccrual status when principal or interest has been delinquent for 90 days or more, or when full collection is not expected. Refer to Note 1 for additional information on our accounting policy for finance receivables and loans on nonaccrual status.

(c)Certain finance receivables and loans are included in fair value hedging relationships. Refer to Note 18 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

(d)Includes outstanding CSG loans of $10.3 billion and $10.0 billion at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, and RV loans of $517 million and $578 million at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

(e)Excludes finance receivables of $3 million at December 31, 2022, for which we have elected the fair value option.

Total consumer finance receivables and loans increased $763 million at June 30, 2023, compared with December 31, 2022. The increase consists of $1.0 billion of consumer automotive finance receivables and loans and $341 million of consumer other finance receivables and loans, primarily due to loan originations outpacing portfolio runoff. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $586 million of consumer mortgage finance receivables and loans, which resulted from portfolio runoff outpacing originations and purchases. When interest rates rise, the likelihood of refinancing decreases and origination volumes tend to decrease.

Total consumer nonperforming finance receivables and loans at June 30, 2023, decreased $76 million to $1.2 billion from December 31, 2022. Refer to Note 7 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. Nonperforming consumer finance receivables and loans as a percentage of total outstanding consumer finance receivables and loans were 1.1% and 1.2% at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Consumer automotive loans accruing and past due 30 days or more increased $70 million at June 30, 2023, compared with December 31, 2022, as delinquencies have increased amid deterioration in macroeconomic conditions, driven by persistent inflation. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, we observed a slowing rate of increase in delinquency trends within our consumer automotive loan portfolio, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022.

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The following table includes consumer net charge-offs from finance receivables and loans at amortized cost and related ratios.

	Three months ended June 30,								Six months ended June 30,
	Net charge-offs (recoveries)				Net charge-off ratios (a)				Net charge-offs (recoveries)				Net charge-off ratios (a)
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Consumer automotive	$	277	$	108	1.3	%	0.5	%	$	628	$	221	1.5	%	0.6	%
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	—		(1)		—		—		—		(1)		—		—
Mortgage — Legacy	(1)		(3)		(1.9)		(3.1)		(2)		(5)		(1.7)		(2.8)
Total consumer mortgage	(1)		(4)		—		—		(2)		(6)		—		(0.1)
Consumer other
Personal Lending	27		13		5.1		4.0		57		28		5.4		4.6
Credit Card	36		11		8.5		3.8		65		19		7.8		3.5
Total consumer other	63		24		6.6		3.9		122		47		6.5		4.1
Total consumer finance receivables and loans	$	339	$	128	1.3		0.5		$	748	$	262	1.4		0.5

(a)Net charge-off ratios are calculated as net charge-offs divided by average outstanding finance receivables and loans excluding loans measured at fair value and loans held-for-sale during the period for each loan category.

Our net charge-offs from total consumer finance receivables and loans were $339 million and $748 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to net charge-offs of $128 million and $262 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. Net charge-offs for our consumer automotive portfolio increased by $169 million and $407 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2022, as delinquencies have increased amid deterioration in macroeconomic conditions, driven by persistent inflation. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, we observed a slowing rate of increase in delinquency trends within our consumer automotive loan portfolio, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022.

The following table summarizes total consumer loan originations for the periods shown. Total consumer loan originations include loans classified as finance receivables and loans held-for-sale during the period.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Consumer automotive (a)	$	9,772	$	12,365	$	18,786	$	22,941
Consumer mortgage (b)	267		885		464		2,565
Consumer other (c) (d)	436		591		876		1,033
Total consumer loan originations	$	10,475	$	13,841	$	20,126	$	26,539

(a)Includes loans purchased under forward flow agreements with automotive retailers, as well as $210 million and $470 million of loans originated as held-for-sale for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively.

(b)Excludes bulk loan purchases associated with our Mortgage Finance operations, and includes $231 million and $408 million of loans originated as held-for-sale for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and $584 million and $1.6 billion for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022.

(c)Includes loans related to our Ally Lending business for which we have elected the fair value option measurement during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022.

(d)Excludes credit card loans which are revolving in nature.

Total consumer loan originations decreased $3.4 billion and $6.4 billion for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. The decreases were primarily due to decreased loan originations within the consumer automotive portfolio, as a result of our dynamic underwriting strategies, including strategic pricing and curtailment actions to optimize our risk appetite and returns. The decreases were also impacted by decreased loan originations within the consumer mortgage portfolio, due to a higher interest rate environment.

104

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

The following table shows the percentage of consumer finance receivables and loans by state concentration based on amortized cost.

	June 30, 2023 (a)						December 31, 2022
	Consumer automotive		Consumer mortgage		Consumer other (b)		Consumer automotive		Consumer mortgage		Consumer other (b)
California	8.6	%	39.0	%	7.7	%	8.7	%	38.8	%	8.4	%
Texas	13.7		7.3		7.7		13.6		7.3		7.7
Florida	9.6		6.5		7.7		9.5		6.6		7.8
Pennsylvania	4.5		2.1		4.5		4.5		2.1		4.6
Georgia	4.1		2.9		3.4		4.1		2.9		3.5
North Carolina	4.2		1.9		4.8		4.1		1.9		4.6
New York	3.6		1.9		4.5		3.6		1.9		4.8
Illinois	3.4		2.8		4.3		3.5		2.8		4.3
New Jersey	3.2		2.4		3.6		3.2		2.4		3.6
Ohio	3.4		0.4		3.6		3.4		0.4		3.6
Other United States	41.7		32.8		48.2		41.8		32.9		47.1
Total consumer loans	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%

(a)Presentation is in descending order as a percentage of total consumer finance receivables and loans at June 30, 2023.

(b)Excludes $3 million of finance receivables at December 31, 2022, for which we have elected the fair value option.

We monitor our consumer loan portfolio for concentration risk across the states in which we lend. The highest concentrations of consumer loans are in California and Texas, which represented an aggregate of 26.3% and 26.5% of our total outstanding consumer finance receivables and loans at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Our consumer mortgage loan portfolio concentration within California, which is primarily composed of high-quality jumbo mortgage loans, generally aligns to the California share of jumbo mortgages nationally.

Repossessed and Foreclosed Assets

We classify a repossessed or foreclosed asset as held-for-sale, which is included in other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, when physical possession of the collateral is taken. We dispose of the acquired collateral in a timely fashion in accordance with regulatory requirements. For more information on repossessed and foreclosed assets, refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Repossessed automotive loan assets in our Automotive Finance operations were $207 million and $183 million at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, and foreclosed mortgage assets were $1 million and $2 million at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Commercial Credit Portfolio

During the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, the credit performance of the commercial portfolio remained strong. For information on our commercial credit risk practices and policies regarding delinquencies, nonperforming status, and charge-offs, refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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The following table includes total commercial finance receivables and loans reported at amortized cost.

	Outstanding				Nonperforming (a)				Accruing past due 90 days or more (b)
($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Automotive	$	16,293	$	14,595	$	24	$	5	$	—	$	—
Other (c)	9,124		9,154		161		157		—		—
Commercial real estate	5,662		5,389		3		—		—		—
Total commercial finance receivables and loans	$	31,079	$	29,138	$	188	$	162	$	—	$	—

(a)Includes nonaccrual TDR loans of $157 million at December 31, 2022. Refer to Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information of the elimination of TDR recognition in conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2022-02.

(b)Loans are generally in nonaccrual status when principal or interest has been delinquent for 90 days or more, or when full collection is not expected. Refer to Note 1 for additional information on our accounting policy for finance receivables and loans on nonaccrual status.

(c)Other commercial and industrial primarily includes senior secured commercial lending largely associated with our Corporate Finance operations.

Total commercial finance receivables and loans outstanding increased $1.9 billion from December 31, 2022, to $31.1 billion at June 30, 2023. Results were driven by a $1.9 billion increase in our Automotive Finance segment, primarily within the commercial and industrial receivables class.

Total commercial nonperforming finance receivables and loans were $188 million at June 30, 2023, reflecting an increase of $26 million compared to December 31, 2022. Nonperforming commercial finance receivables and loans as a percentage of outstanding commercial finance receivables and loans was 0.6% at both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

The following table includes total commercial net charge-offs from finance receivables and loans at amortized cost and related ratios.

	Three months ended June 30,								Six months ended June 30,
	Net charge-offs (recoveries)				Net charge-off ratios (a)				Net charge-offs (recoveries)				Net charge-off ratios (a)
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Automotive	$	4	$	—	0.1	%	—	%	$	4	$	(1)	0.1	%	—	%
Other	56		26		2.5		1.5		56		26		1.2		0.7
Commercial real estate	—		(1)		—		(0.1)		—		(1)		—		—
Total commercial finance receivables and loans	$	60	$	25	0.8		0.4		$	60	$	24	0.4		0.2

(a)Net charge-off ratios are calculated as net charge-offs divided by average outstanding finance receivables and loans excluding loans measured at fair value and loans held-for-sale during the period for each loan category.

Our net charge-offs from total commercial finance receivables and loans were $60 million for both the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to net charge-offs of $25 million and $24 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. The increases for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, were primarily driven by our Corporate Finance operations and included the charge-off of one exposure during the three months ended June 30, 2023. The charged-off exposure was part of our legacy healthcare cashflow vertical. We previously ceased all originations within this vertical. Additionally, the increase in net charge-offs for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, were also impacted by a charge-off of one exposure related to our Automotive Finance operations during the three months ended June 30, 2023.

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Commercial Real Estate

The commercial real estate portfolio consists of finance receivables and loans issued primarily to automotive dealers. Commercial real estate finance receivables and loans were $5.7 billion and $5.4 billion at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, which represented 4.1% and 4.0% of total outstanding finance receivables and loans at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. There were $4.4 billion and $4.2 billion of commercial real estate loans included in the Automotive Finance segment at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, and $1.1 billion of commercial real estate loans included in the Corporate Finance segment at both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

The following table presents the percentage of total commercial real estate finance receivables and loans by state concentration based on amortized cost.

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Florida	19.2	%	17.9	%
Texas	14.8		14.9
California	8.5		8.4
North Carolina	5.4		5.3
New York	5.4		6.3
Michigan	4.2		4.2
Ohio	3.9		4.2
Georgia	3.2		3.1
Utah	2.6		2.9
Missouri	2.6		2.6
Other United States	30.2		30.2
Total commercial real estate finance receivables and loans	100.0	%	100.0	%

Commercial Criticized Exposure

Finance receivables and loans classified as special mention, substandard, or doubtful are reported as criticized. These classifications are based on regulatory definitions and generally represent finance receivables and loans within our portfolio that have a higher default risk or have already defaulted. These finance receivables and loans require additional monitoring and review including specific actions to mitigate our potential loss.

Total criticized exposures decreased $30 million from December 31, 2022, to $2.6 billion at June 30, 2023. The decrease in total criticized exposures was primarily driven by a decrease in Special Mention and Doubtful loans within the commercial and industrial portfolio class. This included the charge-off of one exposure within our Corporate Finance operations during the three months ended June 30, 2023. The charged-off exposure was part of our legacy healthcare cashflow vertical. Total criticized exposures were 8.4% and 9.1% of total commercial finance receivables and loans at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, representing strong overall credit performance as the commercial loan portfolio continues to grow.

The following table presents the percentage of total commercial criticized finance receivables and loans by industry concentration based on amortized cost.

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Industry
Automotive	55.0	%	53.4	%
Electronics	10.7		11.9
Services	10.7		6.5
Other	23.6		28.2
Total commercial criticized finance receivables and loans	100.0	%	100.0	%

Allowance for Loan Losses

Our quantitatively determined allowance under CECL is impacted by certain forecasted economic factors as further described in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. For example, our consumer automotive allowance for loan losses is most sensitive to state-level unemployment rates. Our process for determining the allowance for loan losses considers a borrower’s willingness and ability to pay and considers other factors, including loan modification programs. In addition to our quantitative allowance for loan losses, we also incorporate qualitative adjustments that may relate to idiosyncratic risks, weather-related events, changes in current economic conditions that may not be reflected in quantitatively derived results, and other macroeconomic uncertainty. We also

107

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

monitor model performance, using model error and related assessments, and we may incorporate qualitative reserves to adjust our quantitatively determined allowance if we observe deterioration in model performance. Additionally, we perform a sensitivity analysis of our allowance utilizing varying macroeconomic scenarios, as described further within Critical Accounting Estimates — Allowance for Credit Losses within the MD&A in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Through June 30, 2023, forecasted economic variables incorporated into our quantitative allowance processes were updated to include the current macroeconomic environment and our future expectations reflecting mild recessionary conditions in 2023. This included (but were not limited to) the following: the unemployment rate rising to approximately 4.6% in the first quarter of 2024, before reverting to the historical mean of approximately 6.2% by the second quarter of 2026, negative GDP growth as measured on a quarter-over-quarter seasonally adjusted annualized rate basis in the third and fourth quarter of 2023, before reverting to the historical mean of approximately 1.9% by the second quarter of 2026, and relatively consistent new light vehicle sales on a seasonally adjusted annualized rate basis of approximately 15 million units through the forecast horizon. Additionally, we maintain a qualitative allowance framework to account for ongoing uncertainty and volatility in the macroeconomic environment (including the impact of inflationary pressures) that could adversely impact frequency of loss and LGD. Our overall allowance for loan losses increased $30 million from the prior quarter to $3.8 billion at June 30, 2023, representing 2.7% as a percentage of total finance receivables at both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

The following tables present an analysis of the activity in the allowance for loan losses on finance receivables and loans for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, respectively.

Three months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Consumer automotive			Consumer mortgage			Consumer other			Total consumer			Commercial			Total
Allowance at April 1, 2023	$	3,022		$	23		$	455		$	3,500		$	251		$	3,751
Charge-offs (a)	(496)			(2)			(70)			(568)			(61)			(629)
Recoveries	219			3			7			229			1			230
Net charge-offs	(277)			1			(63)			(339)			(60)			(399)
Provision due to change in portfolio size	25			(1)			27			51			4			55
Provision due to incremental charge-offs	277			(1)			63			339			60			399
Provision due to all other factors	18			—			(6)			12			(37)			(25)
Total provision for credit losses (b)	320			(2)			84			402			27			429
Other	(1)			1			—			—			—			—
Allowance at June 30, 2023	$	3,064		$	23		$	476		$	3,563		$	218		$	3,781
Net charge-offs to average finance receivables and loans outstanding for the three months ended June 30, 2023	1.3		%	—		%	6.6		%	1.3		%	0.8		%	1.2		%
Ratio of allowance for loan losses to annualized net charge-offs at June 30, 2023	2.8			(5.9)			1.9			2.6			0.9			2.4

(a)Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our charge-off policies.

(b)Excludes $2 million of benefit for credit losses related to our reserve for unfunded commitments. The liability related to the reserve for unfunded commitments is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

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Six months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Consumer automotive			Consumer mortgage			Consumer other			Total consumer			Commercial			Total
Allowance at January 1, 2023	$	3,020		$	27		$	426		$	3,473		$	238		$	3,711
Charge-offs (a)	(1,032)			(3)			(134)			(1,169)			(61)			(1,230)
Recoveries	404			5			12			421			1			422
Net charge-offs	(628)			2			(122)			(748)			(60)			(808)
Provision due to change in portfolio size	30			(1)			41			70			3			73
Provision due to incremental charge-offs	628			(2)			122			748			60			808
Provision due to all other factors	15			(3)			9			21			(24)			(3)
Total provision for credit losses (b)	673			(6)			172			839			39			878
Other	(1)			—			—			(1)			1			—
Allowance at June 30, 2023	$	3,064		$	23		$	476		$	3,563		$	218		$	3,781
Net charge-offs to average finance receivables and loans outstanding for the six months ended June 30, 2023	1.5		%	—		%	6.5		%	1.4		%	0.4		%	1.2		%
Ratio of allowance for loan losses to annualized net charge-offs at June 30, 2023	2.4			(5.3)			2.0			2.4			1.8			2.3

(a)Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our charge-off policies.

(b)Excludes $5 million of benefit for credit losses related to our reserve for unfunded commitments. The liability related to the reserve for unfunded commitments is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Three months ended June 30, 2022 ($ in millions)	Consumer automotive			Consumer mortgage			Consumer other			Total consumer			Commercial			Total
Allowance at April 1, 2022	$	2,763		$	26		$	258		$	3,047		$	254		$	3,301
Charge-offs (a)	(277)			(1)			(27)			(305)			(26)			(331)
Recoveries	169			5			3			177			1			178
Net charge-offs	(108)			4			(24)			(128)			(25)			(153)
Provision due to change in portfolio size	103			1			56			160			3			163
Provision due to incremental charge-offs	108			(4)			24			128			25			153
Provision due to all other factors	19			—			(10)			9			(23)			(14)
Total provision for credit losses (b)	230			(3)			70			297			5			302
Other	—			(1)			(1)			(2)			2			—
Allowance at June 30, 2022	$	2,885		$	26		$	303		$	3,214		$	236		$	3,450
Net charge-offs to average finance receivables and loans outstanding for the three months ended June 30, 2022	0.5		%	(0.1)		%	3.9		%	0.5		%	0.4		%	0.5		%
Ratio of allowance for loan losses to annualized net charge-offs at June 30, 2022	6.7			(1.9)			3.1			6.2			2.4			5.6

(a)Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our charge-off policies.

(b)Excludes $2 million of provision for credit losses related to our reserve for unfunded commitments. The liability related to the reserve for unfunded commitments is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

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Six months ended June 30, 2022 ($ in millions)	Consumer automotive			Consumer mortgage			Consumer other			Total consumer			Commercial			Total
Allowance at January 1, 2022	$	2,769		$	27		$	221		$	3,017		$	250		$	3,267
Charge-offs (a)	(553)			(2)			(51)			(606)			(26)			(632)
Recoveries	332			8			4			344			2			346
Net charge-offs	(221)			6			(47)			(262)			(24)			(286)
Provision due to change in portfolio size	137			2			86			225			9			234
Provision due to incremental charge-offs	221			(6)			47			262			24			286
Provision due to all other factors	(21)			(2)			(4)			(27)			(24)			(51)
Total provision for credit losses (b)	337			(6)			129			460			9			469
Other	—			(1)			—			(1)			1			—
Allowance at June 30, 2022	$	2,885		$	26		$	303		$	3,214		$	236		$	3,450
Net charge-offs to average finance receivables and loans outstanding for the six months ended June 30, 2022	0.6		%	(0.1)		%	4.1		%	0.5		%	0.2		%	0.5		%
Ratio of allowance for loan losses to annualized net charge-offs at June 30, 2022	6.5			(2.3)			3.2			6.1			4.8			6.0

(a)Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our charge-off policies.

(b)Excludes $2 million of provision for credit losses related to our reserve for unfunded commitments. The liability related to the reserve for unfunded commitments is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

($ in millions)	Consumer automotive		Consumer mortgage		Consumer other		Total consumer		Commercial		Total
June 30, 2023
Allowance for loan losses to finance receivables and loans outstanding (a)	3.6	%	0.1	%	12.1	%	3.3	%	0.7	%	2.7	%
Allowance for loan losses to total nonperforming finance receivables and loans (a)	279.2	%	44.3	%	719.4	%	293.1	%	115.7	%	269.4	%
Nonaccrual loans to finance receivables and loans outstanding	1.3	%	0.3	%	1.7	%	1.1	%	0.6	%	1.0	%
June 30, 2022
Allowance for loan losses to finance receivables and loans outstanding (a)	3.5	%	0.1	%	11.1	%	3.1	%	1.0	%	2.7	%
Allowance for loan losses to total nonperforming finance receivables and loans (a)	268.8	%	41.0	%	n/m		276.9	%	107.9	%	250.1	%
Nonaccrual loans to finance receivables and loans outstanding	1.3	%	0.3	%	0.9	%	1.1	%	0.9	%	1.1	%

n/m = not meaningful

(a)Coverage percentages are based on the allowance for loan losses related to finance receivables and loans excluding those loans held at fair value as a percentage of the amortized cost.

The allowance for consumer loan losses as of June 30, 2023, increased $349 million compared to June 30, 2022, reflecting an increase of $179 million in the consumer automotive allowance, along with an increase of $173 million in the consumer other allowance, partially offset by a decrease of $3 million in our consumer mortgage allowance. The increase in our consumer automotive allowance was primarily driven by portfolio growth and a higher coverage rate. The increase in the consumer other allowance was primarily driven by continued portfolio growth in Ally Lending and Ally Credit Card.

The allowance for commercial loan losses as of June 30, 2023, decreased $18 million compared to June 30, 2022. The allowance for commercial loan losses remained relatively stable, as increases from portfolio growth were more than offset by a reduction in loan loss coverage from portfolio performance.

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Provision for Loan Losses

The following table summarizes the provision for loan losses by loan portfolio class.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Consumer automotive	$	320	$	230	$	673	$	337
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	(1)		—		(2)		—
Mortgage — Legacy	(1)		(3)		(4)		(6)
Total consumer mortgage	(2)		(3)		(6)		(6)
Consumer other
Personal Lending	24		31		73		67
Credit Card	60		39		99		62
Total consumer other	84		70		172		129
Total consumer	402		297		839		460
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Automotive	10		(1)		9		(1)
Other	16		7		32		16
Commercial real estate	1		(1)		(2)		(6)
Total commercial	27		5		39		9
Total provision for loan losses (a)	$	429	$	302	$	878	$	469

(a)Excludes $2 million and $5 million of benefit for credit losses related to our reserve for unfunded commitments during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and $2 million of provision for credit losses during both the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022.

The provision for consumer credit losses increased $105 million and $379 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. The increases in provision for consumer credit losses for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, were primarily driven by higher net charge-offs across our consumer portfolios.

The provision for commercial credit losses increased $22 million and $30 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. The increases in provision for commercial credit losses were primarily driven by higher provisions on specific exposures within our Corporate Finance operations.

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Allowance for Loan Losses by Type

The following table summarizes the allocation of the allowance for loan losses by loan portfolio class.

	2023				2022
June 30, ($ in millions)	Allowance for loan losses		Allowance as a % of loans outstanding	Allowance as a % of total allowance for loan losses	Allowance for loan losses		Allowance as a % of loans outstanding	Allowance as a % of total allowance for loan losses
Consumer automotive	$	3,064	3.6	81.0	$	2,885	3.5	83.6
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	20		0.1	0.5	20		0.1	0.6
Mortgage — Legacy	3		1.3	0.1	6		1.9	0.2
Total consumer mortgage	23		0.1	0.6	26		0.1	0.8
Consumer other
Personal Lending	210		9.7	5.6	141		9.3	4.1
Credit Card	266		15.1	7.0	162		13.2	4.7
Total consumer other	476		12.1	12.6	303		11.1	8.8
Total consumer loans	3,563		3.3	94.2	3,214		3.1	93.2
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Automotive	19		0.1	0.5	12		0.1	0.3
Other	165		1.8	4.4	189		2.5	5.5
Commercial real estate	34		0.6	0.9	35		0.7	1.0
Total commercial loans	218		0.7	5.8	236		1.0	6.8
Total allowance for loan losses	$	3,781	2.7	100.0	$	3,450	2.7	100.0

Market Risk

Our financing, investing, and insurance activities give rise to market risk, or the potential change in the value of our assets (including securities, assets held-for-sale, loans and operating leases) and liabilities (including deposits and debt) due to movements in market variables, such as interest rates, spreads, foreign-exchange rates, equity prices, off-lease vehicle prices, and other equity investments.

The impact of changes in benchmark interest rates on our assets and liabilities (interest rate risk) represents an exposure to market risk and can affect interest rate sensitivities and cash flows when compared to our expectations. We primarily use interest rate derivatives to manage our interest rate risk exposure.

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Federal Reserve increased the federal funds target range to 5.00–5.25% to address the elevated inflation levels. In July 2023, the federal funds target range was further increased to 5.25–5.50%, with future rate increases still possible. Refer to the section below titled Net Financing Revenue Sensitivity Analysis for additional information on how future rate changes may impact net financing revenue.

The fair value of our spread-sensitive assets is also exposed to spread risk. Spread is the amount of additional return over the benchmark interest rates that an investor would demand for taking exposure to primarily credit and liquidity risk of an instrument. Generally, an increase in spreads would result in a decrease in fair value measurement.

We are also exposed to foreign-currency risk primarily from Canadian denominated assets and liabilities. We enter into foreign currency hedges to mitigate foreign exchange risk.

We have exposure to changes in the value of equity securities. We have exposure to equity securities with readily determinable fair values primarily related to our Insurance operations. For such equity securities, we use equity derivatives to manage our exposure to equity price fluctuations.

As part of our CRA program, we make investments in CRA-eligible funds that do not qualify for LIHTCs. Many of these CRA funds feature private equity or venture capital structures, and are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. We recognize our share of the investee’s earnings based on the performance of the funds. During the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, we recognized an $8 million gain and a $17 million loss, respectively, related to these investments. The gain for the three months ended June 30, 2023, was primarily due to a realized gain from the underlying investments of one fund. The loss for the six months ended June 30, 2023, was primarily due to broader real estate market trends adversely impacting certain funds. There were no indications of impairment within our portfolio of CRA-eligible funds as of June 30, 2023.

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In addition, we are exposed to changes in the value of other nonmarketable equity investments without readily determinable fair market values, which may cause volatility in our earnings.

As of June 30, 2023, we had $3.9 billion of cumulative net unrealized losses on our available-for-sale securities. During the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, we recorded $70 million of net unrealized losses and $214 million of net unrealized gains, respectively, on our available-for-sale securities. Unrealized gains and losses are recorded in other comprehensive income within our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, and are generally not realized unless we sell the securities prior to their stated maturity date. As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, we did not have the intent to sell the available-for-sale securities with an unrealized loss position and we do not believe it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell these securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis. For the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, management determined that there were no expected credit losses for securities in an unrealized loss position. Refer to Note 6 and Note 15 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

The composition of our balance sheet, including shorter-duration consumer automotive loans and variable-rate commercial loans, along with our primary funding source of retail deposits, partially mitigates market risk. Additionally, we maintain risk-management controls that measure and monitor market risk using a variety of analytical techniques including market value and sensitivity analysis. Refer to Note 18 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. For information regarding our insured and uninsured deposit liabilities, refer to the section below titled Response to Banking Industry Failures.

LIBOR Transition

In recognition of the significance of LIBOR cessation, in July 2018, Ally formed an enterprise-wide LIBOR transition program that devotes numerous resources throughout all levels of the organization to facilitate the transition to alternative reference rates. Our program spans impacted business lines and functions to evaluate risks associated with the transition, while taking into account specific considerations related to our customers, products and instruments, and counterparty exposures. Through this program, we planned for and guided the transition away from LIBOR to alternative reference rates, and continue to evaluate the impacts and potential impacts to our existing and future contracts with customers and counterparties, financial forecasts, operational processes, technology, modeling, and vendor relationships. Our program is also subject to the governance and oversight of our Board through the RC and certain executive committees, including the ALCO and the ERMC. For a more detailed discussion of our transition away from LIBOR, refer to the section titled Risk Management—LIBOR Transition in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The publication of the 1-week and 2-month U.S. dollar LIBOR settings ceased to be provided or ceased to be representative as of December 31, 2021. The remaining U.S. dollar LIBOR settings ceased to be provided or ceased to be representative as of June 30, 2023. Our transition efforts included developing new products and agreements that utilize alternative reference rates, such as Prime and SOFR, and engaging our commercial customers with transitioning their existing financing agreements from LIBOR to alternative rates, as appropriate. Since the end of 2021, we have not entered into new contracts that use U.S. dollar LIBOR as a reference rate, in alignment with guidance from U.S. banking regulators. Except for certain adjustable-rate mortgage loans described in the following paragraph, we transitioned all remaining contracts away from LIBOR during the first half of 2023.

The LIBOR Act, enacted in March 2022, provides a uniform approach for replacing LIBOR as a reference interest rate in tough legacy contracts—that is, contracts that do not include effective fallback provisions—when LIBOR is no longer published or is no longer representative. Under the LIBOR Act, references to the most common tenors of LIBOR in these contracts will be replaced as a matter of law, without the need to be amended by the parties, to instead reference benchmark interest rates based on SOFR that will be identified by the FRB. The FRB issued a final rule effective February 2023, to implement the LIBOR Act. We plan to rely on the LIBOR Act and the FRB’s final rule on our LIBOR-linked contracts for a smaller portfolio of adjustable-rate mortgage loans that utilize contracts containing LIBOR-based reference rates still remaining as of June 30, 2023.

Net Financing Revenue Sensitivity Analysis

Interest rate risk represents one of our most significant exposures to market risk. We actively monitor the level of exposure to movements in interest rates and take actions to mitigate adverse impacts these movements may have on future earnings. We use a sensitivity analysis of net financing revenue as our primary metric to measure and manage the interest rate risk of our financial instruments.

We prepare forward-looking baseline forecasts of net financing revenue taking into consideration anticipated future business growth, asset/liability positioning, and interest rates based on the implied forward curve. The analysis is highly dependent upon a variety of assumptions including the repricing characteristics of retail deposits with both contractual and non-contractual maturities. We continually monitor industry and competitive repricing activity along with other market factors when contemplating deposit pricing assumptions.

Simulations are then used to assess changes in net financing revenue in multiple interest rate scenarios relative to the baseline forecast. The changes in net financing revenue relative to the baseline are defined as the sensitivity. Our simulations incorporate contractual cash flows and repricing characteristics for all assets, liabilities, and off-balance sheet exposures and incorporate the effects of changing interest rates on the prepayment and attrition rates of certain assets and liabilities. Our simulations do not assume any specific future actions are taken to mitigate the impacts of changing interest rates.

The net financing revenue simulations measure the potential change in our pretax net financing revenue over the following 12 months. We test a number of alternative rate scenarios, including immediate and gradual parallel shocks to the implied market forward

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curve. Management also evaluates nonparallel shocks to interest rates and stresses to certain term points on the yield curve in isolation to capture and monitor a number of risk types.

In a stable rate scenario that assumes spot rates as of June 30, 2023, remain constant through the simulation, net financing revenue over the next 12 months is expected to increase by $36 million versus the baseline forecast, due to the shape of the market-implied forward curve.

The following table presents the pretax dollar impact to baseline forecasted net financing revenue over the next 12 months assuming various shocks to the implied market forward curve as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

	June 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Gradual (a)		Instantaneous		Gradual (a)		Instantaneous
Change in interest rates	($ in millions)				($ in millions)
+200 basis points	$	207	$	228	$	18	$	(76)
+100 basis points	96		121		3		(37)
-100 basis points	(109)		(117)		(21)		21

(a)Gradual changes in interest rates are recognized over 12 months.

Since December 31, 2022, the implied forward rate curve has further inverted as short-term interest rates have increased and market expectations of long-term interest rates have remained relatively stable. During the first half of 2023, our floating-rate commercial balances and cash balances increased, we saw a shift from liquid deposits to CDs, we increased our pay-fixed swap position, and we incrementally added interest rate floor contracts that will provide benefit in certain lower-rate scenarios. The impact of these changes is reflected in our baseline net financing revenue forecast and as a result, as of June 30, 2023, we expect to modestly benefit in the near-term if rates were to move higher than the forward curve implies, as the assumed repricing of our assets and pay-fixed swap position is expected to outpace the assumed repricing of our liabilities. Over time, we expect higher interest rate shocks to negatively affect our net financing revenue, as our simulations assume a normalizing cash position and maturing pay-fixed swap position, resulting in a reversion to liability sensitivity.

Our risk position is influenced by the impact of hedging activity, which primarily consists of interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges of certain fixed-rate assets and fixed-rate debt instruments. Additionally, we use interest rate floor contracts designated as cash flow hedges on certain floating-rate assets. The size, maturity, and mix of our hedging activities are adjusted as our balance sheet, ALM objectives, and the interest rate environment evolve over time. Our hedging strategies, however, are not designed to eliminate all interest-rate risk, and we were adversely affected from rising interest rates in 2022 and 2023.

Operating Lease Residual Risk Management

We are exposed to residual risk on vehicles in the consumer operating lease portfolio. This operating lease residual risk represents the possibility that the actual proceeds realized upon the sale of returned vehicles will be lower than the projection of these values used in establishing the pricing at lease inception. Our operating lease portfolio, net of accumulated depreciation was $9.9 billion and $10.4 billion as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. The expected lease residual value of our operating lease portfolio at scheduled termination was $7.9 billion and $8.3 billion as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. For information on our valuation of automotive operating lease residuals including periodic revisions through adjustments to depreciation expense based on current and forecasted market conditions, refer to the section titled Critical Accounting Estimates—Valuation of Automotive Operating Lease Assets and Residuals within the MD&A in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Operating Lease Vehicle Terminations and Remarketing

The following table summarizes the volume of operating lease terminations and average gain per vehicle, as well as our methods of vehicle sales at lease termination, stated as a percentage of total operating lease vehicle disposals.

	Three months ended June 30,						Six months ended June 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Off-lease vehicles terminated (in units)	29,872			29,665			54,035			60,153
Average gain per vehicle ($ per unit)	$	2,335		$	1,671		$	2,154		$	1,655
Method of vehicle sales
Sale to dealer, lessee, and other	79		%	89		%	80		%	89		%
Auction
Internet	15			8			15			8
Physical	6			3			5			3

We recognized an average gain per vehicle of $2,335 and $2,154 for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to an average gain per vehicle of $1,671 and $1,655 for the same periods in 2022. The increases in remarketing performance during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, were primarily due to normalizing volume trends in the contractually priced buyout

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channels, as well as strong used-vehicle values. Off-lease vehicles sold to lessees and dealers decreased 10% and 9% for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2022. The number of off-lease vehicles remarketed during the six months ended June 30, 2023, decreased 10% compared to the same period in 2022, due to lower termination volume, in alignment with lower lease origination volume during the first half of 2020 resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Operating Lease Portfolio Mix

We monitor the concentration of our outstanding operating leases. Our exposure to Stellantis vehicles represented approximately 78% and 79% of our operating lease units as of June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

The following table presents the mix of operating lease assets by vehicle type, based on volume of units outstanding.

June 30,	2023		2022
Sport utility vehicle	65	%	62	%
Truck	30		32
Car	5		6

Climate-Related Risk

We have identified and defined climate-related risk as an emerging risk. Pursuant to our risk-management framework, emerging risks include those that have yet to create a material impact or would only arise during stressful or unlikely circumstances. Refer to the section titled Risk Factors in Part I, Item 1A of our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information on climate-related risks.

Climate-related risk is generally categorized into two major categories: (1) risk related to the transition to a lower-carbon economy (transition risk) and (2) risk related to the physical impacts of climate change. Transition risk considers how changes in policy, technology, and market preference could pose operational, financial, and reputational risk to companies. Physical risk from climate change can be acute or chronic. Acute physical risk refers to risks that are event-driven such as increased severity of extreme weather events, including tornadoes, hurricanes, or floods. Chronic physical risks refer to long-term shifts in climate patterns, such as sustained higher temperatures, that may, for example, cause sea levels to rise. We manage risks related to the physical impacts of climate change through the active engagement of our business continuity program, which is intended to limit disruptions during acute climate-related events. Additionally, we use excess of loss reinsurance to help mitigate risk of weather losses within our P&C business for our vehicle inventory program. We also use loss control techniques such as storm path monitoring to assist dealers in preparing for severe weather help to mitigate loss potential.

As the impacts of climate change become more evident, we have recognized (1) the importance of understanding, preparing for and taking timely preventive action against potentially material climate-change impacts, (2) increasing investor demand for consistent and comparable climate-change risk data, (3) changing federal policy focus as a result of rejoining the Paris Climate Agreement and an increase in regulatory discussion about potential requirements and oversight, and (4) that Ally’s commitment to “Do It Right” extends to the conservation of environmental resources to promote a sustainable future for our customers, employees, stockholders, and the communities in which we live and operate. For additional information, refer to the Risk Management MD&A section of our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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Liquidity Management, Funding, and Regulatory Capital

Overview

The purpose of liquidity management is to enable us to meet loan and operating lease demand, debt maturities, deposit withdrawals, and other cash commitments under both normal operating conditions as well as periods of economic or financial stress. Our primary objective is to maintain cost-effective, stable and diverse sources of funding capable of sustaining the organization throughout all market cycles. Sources of funding include both retail and brokered deposits and secured and unsecured market-based funding across various maturity, interest rate, and investor profiles. Additional liquidity is available through a pool of unencumbered highly liquid securities, repurchase agreements, and advances from the FHLB of Pittsburgh.

We define liquidity risk as the risk that an institution’s financial condition or overall safety and soundness is adversely affected by the actual or perceived inability to liquidate assets or obtain adequate funding or to easily unwind or offset specific exposures without significantly lowering market prices because of inadequate market depth or market disruptions. Liquidity risk can arise from a variety of institution-specific or market-related events that could have a negative impact on cash flows available to the organization. Effective management of liquidity risk positions an organization to meet cash flow obligations caused by unanticipated events. Managing liquidity needs and contingent funding exposures has proven essential to the solvency of financial institutions.

The ALCO, chaired by the Corporate Treasurer, is responsible for overseeing our funding and liquidity strategies. Corporate Treasury is responsible for managing our liquidity positions within limits approved by ALCO, the ERMC, and the RC. As part of managing liquidity risk, Corporate Treasury prepares monthly forecasts depicting anticipated funding needs and sources of funds, executes our funding strategies, and manages liquidity under normal as well as more severely stressed macroeconomic environments. Oversight and monitoring of liquidity risk are provided by Independent Risk Management.

The monthly liquidity forecasts demonstrate our ability to generate and obtain adequate amounts of cash to meet loan and operating lease demand, debt maturities, deposit withdrawals, and other cash commitments under normal operating conditions throughout the forecast horizon (currently through December 2025). Refer to Note 12 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a summary of the scheduled maturity of long-term debt as of June 30, 2023. In recent years, we have become less reliant on market-based funding, reducing our exposure to disruptions in wholesale funding markets.

Funding Strategy

Liquidity and ongoing profitability are largely dependent on the timely and cost-effective access to retail deposits and funding in various segments of the capital markets. We focus on maintaining diversified funding sources across a broad base of depositors, lenders, and investors to meet liquidity needs throughout different economic cycles, including periods of financial distress. These funding sources include retail and brokered deposits, public and private asset-backed securitizations, unsecured debt, FHLB advances, and repurchase agreements. Our access to diversified funding sources enhances funding flexibility and results in a more cost-effective funding strategy over the long term. We evaluate funding markets on an ongoing basis to achieve an appropriate balance of unsecured and secured funding sources and maturity profiles.

We manage our funding to achieve a well-balanced portfolio across a spectrum of risk, maturity, and cost-of-funds characteristics. Optimizing funding at Ally Bank continues to be a key part of our long-term liquidity strategy. We optimize our funding sources at Ally Bank by prioritizing retail deposits, maintaining active securitization programs, managing the maturity profile of our brokered deposit portfolio, utilizing repurchase agreements, and continuing to access funds from the FHLB.

Assets are primarily originated by Ally Bank to reduce parent company exposures and funding requirements, and to utilize our growing consumer deposit-taking capabilities. This allows us to use bank funding for substantially all our automotive finance and other assets and to provide a sustainable long-term funding channel for the business, while also improving the cost of funds for the enterprise.

Liquidity Risk Management

Multiple metrics are used to measure liquidity risk, manage the liquidity position, identify related trends, and monitor these trends and metrics against established limits. These metrics include comprehensive stress tests that measure the sufficiency of the liquidity portfolio over stressed horizons ranging from overnight to 12 months, stability ratios that measure longer-term structural liquidity, and concentration ratios that enable prudent funding diversification. In addition, we have established internal management routines designed to review all aspects of liquidity and funding plans, evaluate the adequacy of liquidity buffers, review stress testing results, and assist management in the execution of its funding strategy and risk-management accountabilities.

Our liquidity stress testing is designed to allow us to operate our businesses and to meet our contractual and contingent obligations, including unsecured debt maturities, for at least 12 months, assuming our normal access to funding is disrupted by severe market-wide and enterprise-specific events. We maintain available liquidity in the form of cash and unencumbered highly liquid securities. This available liquidity is held at various legal entities, and is subject to regulatory restrictions and tax implications that may limit our ability to transfer funds across entities.

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The following table summarizes our total available liquidity.

($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Unencumbered highly liquid securities (a)	$	20,699	$	22,155
FHLB unused pledged borrowing capacity (b)	12,311		11,148
Liquid cash and equivalents (c)	9,471		5,111
Total available liquidity (d)	$	42,481	$	38,414

(a)Includes unencumbered U.S. federal government, U.S. agency, and highly liquid corporate debt securities.

(b)Pledged assets are primarily composed of consumer mortgage finance receivables and loans, as well as real-estate-backed loans within our Automotive Finance and Corporate Finance businesses, and non-agency mortgage-backed securities.

(c)Excludes restricted cash and foreign currency cash balances.

(d)Excludes $2.1 billion and $2.0 billion of available funding capacity through the FRB Discount Window at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Refer to Note 12 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information on assets pledged to the FRB.

Recent Funding and Liquidity Developments

Key funding highlights from January 1, 2023, to date were as follows:

•In February 2023, we accessed the unsecured debt capital markets and raised $500 million through the issuance of subordinated notes. In June 2023, we raised $850 million through the issuance of unsecured senior notes. If the current TLAC requirements were expanded to include Category IV firms, like Ally, we would expect both issuances to be eligible for inclusion.

•We raised $777 million through the completion of term securitization transactions backed by consumer automotive loans.

•We issued $9.7 billion of brokered CDs.

•Using new funding, we paid down outstanding FHLB balances owed, increasing our available FHLB borrowing capacity.

•We increased and diversified repurchase agreement transaction funding with our counterparties.

Response to Banking Industry Failures

In March 2023, the FDIC was appointed as receiver for SVB and Signature after they experienced runs on deposits and other liquidity constraints. At the time, SVB and Signature were the 16th and 29th largest banks in the United States, respectively, as measured by total assets as of December 31, 2022. Also during March 2023, UBS Group AG announced the acquisition of Credit Suisse Group AG, with the support of the Swiss government.

Our liquidity position fundamentally differs from those of SVB and Signature before their failures. For example, more than 92% of deposits at Ally Bank were FDIC-insured as of June 30, 2023, compared to 12% for SVB and 10% for Signature as of December 31, 2022. Additionally, our deposit portfolio is primarily composed of granular and diversified retail customer accounts, as opposed to SVB and Signature who had large uninsured commercial deposits. Because of the market turbulence and uncertainty, however, we activated existing internal incident response procedures specifically designed to increase governance and monitoring of Ally Bank’s depositor behavior, liquidity position, and risk exposure, including frequent ongoing dialogue with the Board and supervisory authorities.

We also took specific funding actions. Even before these failures, in response to the unprecedented pace of monetary tightening in 2022 and the resultant macroeconomic uncertainty, we had increased cash and available liquidity. Refer to the section above titled Recent Funding Developments. After the failures, we continued to do so by optimizing brokered CD issuances, borrowing from the FHLB, managing securities collateral pledged to the FHLB, maintaining competitive retail deposit pricing, and managing new loan origination volumes. We had $42.5 billion of total available liquidity as of June 30, 2023, which included $12.3 billion of available FHLB capacity. Refer to the section above titled Liquidity Risk Management. FHLB funding provides us with a stable funding source, and can be drawn upon on a same-day basis if sufficiently secured with available collateral.

In support of American businesses and households, the FRB created the BTFP in March 2023 to make additional funding available to eligible depository institutions in order to help assure that banks have the ability to meet the needs of all of their depositors. The BTFP is a further source of liquidity against high-quality securities and contributes to financial stability by eliminating a bank’s need to quickly sell those securities in times of stress. Under the BTFP, depository institutions may borrow funds by pledging collateral eligible for purchase by the FRB in open market operations, such as U.S. Treasuries and agency debt and mortgage-backed securities, in each case valued at par. We did not borrow from the BTFP through June 30, 2023. We estimate our available eligible collateral would support BTFP capacity of approximately $22.5 billion as of June 30, 2023. Additionally, as of June 30, 2023, we had $2.1 billion in total funding capacity through the FRB Discount Window, with no debt outstanding during the first half of 2023.

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On April 28, 2023, in a statement accompanying the review of the FRB’s supervision and regulation of SVB, FRB Vice Chair for Supervision Barr highlighted a plan to revisit the Tailoring Rules and develop stronger capital, liquidity, stress-testing, and other standards for Category IV firms like Ally. In July 2023, the U.S. banking agencies issued a proposed rule to customize and implement revisions to the global Basel III capital framework (commonly known as the Basel III endgame or as Basel IV). For regulatory capital, the proposed rule would eliminate the effect of the Tailoring Rules by requiring the recognition of most elements of accumulated other comprehensive income and loss and the application of deductions, limitations, and criteria for specified capital investments, minority interests, and TLAC holdings. For each of the risk-based capital ratios, a large banking organization like Ally would calculate and be bound by the lower of two alternatives: one version of the ratio based on an expanded risk-based approach prescribed in the proposed rule and one version of the ratio based on the standardized approach as modified by the proposed rule. All capital buffer requirements, including the stress capital buffer requirement, would apply regardless of whether the expanded risk-based approach or the standardized approach produces the lower ratio. Under the expanded risk-based approach, total RWAs would equal the sum of the RWAs for credit risk, equity risk, operational risk, market risk, and CVA risk as set forth in the proposed rule minus any amount of the banking organization’s adjusted allowance for credit losses that is not included in Tier 2 capital and any amount of allocated transfer risk reserves. Under the standardized approach, total RWAs would be calculated using the existing rules with a revised methodology for determining market risk-weighted assets and a required application of the standardized approach for counterparty credit risk for derivative exposures. Category IV firms would be further required under the proposed rule to project their risk-based capital ratios under baseline conditions in their capital plans and related reports using the RWA-calculation approach that results in their binding risk-based capital ratios as of the start of the projection horizon. The proposed rule also would roll back additional elements of the Tailoring Rules by applying to Category IV firms the supplementary leverage ratio, the countercyclical capital buffer, and enhanced public disclosure and reporting requirements. Whether and when a final rule may be adopted and take effect, as well as what changes to the proposed rule may be reflected in such a final rule after the comment period, remain unclear. Under the proposed rule, however, a three-year transition period from July 1, 2025, to June 30, 2028, would apply to the recognition of accumulated other comprehensive income and loss in regulatory capital and the use of the expanded risk-based approach. Ally is still assessing the impact of the proposed rule, but the U.S. banking agencies estimate that Category IV firms would experience a 6 percent increase in RWAs and in binding Common Equity Tier 1 capital requirements. The actual impact on Ally could differ meaningfully from these estimates. Beyond this proposed rule, more stringent and less tailored liquidity, stress-testing, and other standards for Category IV firms like Ally may be forthcoming, including those that may (1) impose a minimum TLAC requirement, (2) reinstate the LCR and require more rigorous liquidity stress testing, (3) return Ally to supervisory stress testing on an annual cycle, and (4) resume resolution planning for Ally and its significant legal entities under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code and other applicable insolvency laws. Refer to Note 17 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Following the failures of SVB and Signature, on May 1, 2023, First Republic Bank was closed by the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation, which appointed the FDIC as receiver. The FDIC entered into a purchase and assumption agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank to assume all the deposits and substantially all the assets of First Republic Bank. We continue to monitor and assess the impact of these failures on Category IV firms like Ally.

Funding Sources

The following table summarizes our sources of funding and the amount outstanding under each category for the periods shown.

	June 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
($ in millions)	On-balance sheet funding		% Share of funding	On-balance sheet funding		% Share of funding
Deposits	$	154,310	87	$	152,297	88
Debt
Secured financings	11,567		7	$	10,124	6
Institutional term debt	10,237		6	9,678		6
Retail term notes	531		—	359		—
Total debt (a)	22,335		13	20,161		12
Total on-balance-sheet funding	$	176,645	100	$	172,458	100

(a)Includes hedge basis adjustments as described in Note 18 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Refer to Note 12 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a summary of the scheduled maturity of long-term debt at June 30, 2023.

Deposits

Ally Bank is a digital direct bank with no branch network that obtains retail deposits directly from customers. We offer competitive rates and fees on a full spectrum of retail deposit products, including online savings accounts, money-market demand accounts, CDs, interest-bearing checking accounts, trust accounts, and IRAs. Our primary funding source is retail deposits, which we believe that, at scale, are the most efficient and stable source of funding for us, when compared to other funding sources. Retail deposits constituted 79% of our total funding sources at June 30, 2023. In addition, we utilize brokered deposits, which are obtained through third-party intermediaries.

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As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, we had $11.3 billion and $15.2 billion, respectively, of deposit liabilities that are uninsured by the FDIC.

The following table shows Ally Bank’s total primary retail deposit customers and deposit balances as of the end of each of the last five quarters.

	June 30, 2023		March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		September 30, 2022		June 30, 2022
Total primary retail deposit customers (in thousands)	2,894		2,808		2,681		2,597		2,546
Deposits ($ in millions)
Retail	$	138,983	$	138,497	$	137,684	$	133,878	$	131,155
Brokered	13,677		13,801		12,590		9,617		6,962
Other (a)	1,650		1,715		2,023		2,256		2,284
Total deposits	$	154,310	$	154,013	$	152,297	$	145,751	$	140,401

(a)Other deposits include mortgage escrow deposits. Other deposits also include a deposit related to Ally Invest customer cash balances deposited at Ally Bank by a third party of $1.5 billion as of both June 30, 2023, and March 31, 2023, $1.8 billion as of December 31, 2022, $2.0 billion as of September 30, 2022, and $2.1 billion as of June 30, 2022.

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, our total deposit base increased $2.0 billion, and we added approximately 212,000 retail deposit customers, ending with approximately 2.9 million retail deposit customers as of June 30, 2023. Total retail deposits increased $1.3 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2023, bringing the total retail deposits portfolio to $139.0 billion as of June 30, 2023, primarily driven by an increase in retail deposit customers. We have maintained competitive deposit rates in response to higher benchmark interest rates. Additionally, brokered deposits increased $1.1 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2023. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, our CD deposit liabilities increased $14.0 billion and our savings, money market, and checking account deposit liabilities decreased $11.9 billion. This trend was due to customers preferring to migrate their savings to CDs, where the deposit rate is fixed for a set duration of time. Overall, strong customer acquisition and retention rates continue to deliver a favorable funding mix.

Following the failures of SVB and Signature, we briefly experienced elevated two-way deposit flows. Uninsured deposit outflows were more than offset by inflows from new and existing customers. Approximately 92% of retail deposits at Ally Bank were FDIC-insured as of June 30, 2023. Our total available liquidity exceeded our uninsured deposit liabilities by $31.2 billion as of June 30, 2023.

We continue to advance our digital capabilities and deliver incremental value to our retail deposit customers beyond competitive rates and low fees. Notably, our digital tools (e.g. Savings & Spend Buckets) improve the digital banking experience across the entire customer journey, and additional account features like CoverDraft and early direct deposit further bolster our “Do It Right” commitment for our customers.

We continue to be recognized for the totality of experience and value we provide our customers. In April 2022, Forbes named Ally to its “World’s Best Banks” list, and in June 2022, Kiplinger named Ally Bank to its “Best Internet Banks” list for the sixth consecutive year. In November 2022, MONEY® Magazine named Ally to its “Best Online Bank” list for the fifth consecutive year, as well as the tenth time in the past twelve years. In January 2023, Bankrate named Ally Bank the “Best Bank Overall.” In July 2023, The Wall Street Journal’s Buy Side named Ally Bank the “Best Online Bank of 2023.” For additional information on our deposit funding by type, refer to Note 11 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Securitizations and Secured Financings

In addition to building a larger deposit base in recent years, we maintain a presence in the securitization markets to finance our automotive loan portfolios. Securitizations and secured funding transactions, collectively referred to as securitization transactions due to their similarities, allow us to convert our automotive-finance receivables into cash earlier than what would have occurred in the normal course of business. For additional details surrounding our securitization activities, refer to the section titled Liquidity Management, Funding, and Regulatory Capital in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, we raised $777 million through the completion of term securitization transactions backed by consumer automotive loans.

We have access to funding through advances with the FHLB. These advances are primarily secured by consumer and commercial mortgage finance receivables and loans and investment securities. As of June 30, 2023, we had pledged $28.1 billion of assets to the FHLB resulting in $20.1 billion in total funding capacity with $7.9 billion of debt outstanding.

At June 30, 2023, $41.2 billion of our total assets were restricted as collateral for the payment of debt obligations accounted for as secured borrowings. Refer to Note 12 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.

Unsecured Financings

We have short-term and long-term unsecured debt outstanding from retail term note programs. These programs are composed of callable fixed-rate instruments with fixed maturity dates. There were $531 million of retail term notes outstanding at June 30, 2023. The remainder of

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our unsecured debt is composed of institutional term debt. In February 2023, we accessed the unsecured debt capital markets and raised $500 million through the issuance of subordinated notes. In June 2023, we raised $850 million through the issuance of unsecured senior notes. Refer to Note 12 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about our outstanding short-term borrowings and long-term unsecured debt.

Other Secured and Unsecured Short-term Borrowings

We have access to repurchase agreements. A repurchase agreement is a transaction in which the firm sells financial instruments to a buyer, typically in exchange for cash, and simultaneously enters into an agreement to repurchase the same or substantially the same financial instruments from the buyer at a stated price plus accrued interest at a future date. The securities sold in repurchase agreements include U.S. government and federal agency obligations. As of June 30, 2023, we had $994 million debt outstanding under repurchase agreements.

Additionally, we have access to the FRB Discount Window and can borrow funds to meet short-term liquidity demands. The FRB, however, is not a primary source of funding for day-to-day business. Instead, it is a liquidity source that can be accessed in stressed environments or periods of market disruption. As of June 30, 2023, we had assets pledged and restricted as collateral to the FRB totaling $2.3 billion, resulting in $2.1 billion in total funding capacity with no debt outstanding. For information on our ability to access the BTFP, refer to the section above titled Response to Banking Industry Failures.

Guaranteed Securities

Certain senior notes (collectively, the Guaranteed Notes) issued by Ally Financial Inc. (referred to within this section as the Parent) are unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several basis by IB Finance, a subsidiary of the Parent and the direct parent of Ally Bank, and Ally US LLC, a subsidiary of the Parent (together, the Guarantors, and the guarantee provided by each such Guarantor, the Note Guarantees). The Guarantors are primary obligors with respect to payment when due, whether at maturity, by acceleration or otherwise, of all payment obligations of the Parent in respect of the Guaranteed Notes pursuant to the terms of the applicable indenture. At both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the outstanding principal balance of the Guaranteed Notes was $2.0 billion, with the last scheduled maturity to take place in 2031.

The Note Guarantees rank equally in right of payment with the applicable Guarantor’s existing and future unsubordinated unsecured indebtedness and are subordinate to any secured indebtedness of the applicable Guarantor to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness. The Note Guarantees are structurally subordinate to indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables and lease obligations, and in the case of Ally Bank, its deposits) of any nonguarantor subsidiaries of the applicable Guarantor to the extent of the value of the assets of such subsidiaries.

The Note Guarantees and all other obligations of the Guarantors will terminate and be of no further force or effect (i) upon a permissible sale, disposition, or other transfer (including through merger or consolidation) of a majority of the equity interests (including any sale, disposition or other transfer following which the applicable Guarantor is no longer a subsidiary of the Parent), of the applicable Guarantor, or (ii) upon the discharge of the Parent’s obligations related to the Guaranteed Notes.

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The following tables present summarized financial data for the Parent and the Guarantors on a combined basis. The Guarantors, both of which the Parent is deemed to possess control over, are fully consolidated after eliminating intercompany balances and transactions. Summarized financial data for nonguarantor subsidiaries is excluded.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net financing loss and other interest income (a)	$	(248)	$	(259)	$	(476)	$	(537)
Dividends from bank subsidiaries	400		750		500		1,400
Dividends from nonbank subsidiaries	250		1		250		1
Total other revenue	52		64		90		125
Total net revenue	454		556		364		989
Provision for credit losses	8		(9)		(1)		(20)
Total noninterest expense	119		160		255		310
Income from continuing operations before income tax benefit	327		405		110		699
Income tax benefit from continuing operations (b)	(77)		(78)		(148)		(156)
Net income from continuing operations	404		483		258		855
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	—		—		(1)		—
Net income (c)	$	404	$	483	$	257	$	855

(a)Net financing loss and other interest income is primarily driven by interest expense on long-term debt. Refer to Note 12 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.

(b)There is a significant variation in the customary relationship between pretax income and income tax benefit due to our accounting policy elections and consolidated tax adjustments. The income tax benefit excludes tax effects on dividends from subsidiaries.

(c)Excludes the Parent’s and Guarantors’ share of income of all nonguarantor subsidiaries.

($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Total assets (a)	$	6,341	$	5,467
Total liabilities	$	11,807	$	10,996

(a)Excludes investments in all nonguarantor subsidiaries.

Cash Flows

The following summarizes the activity reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. While this information may be helpful to highlight certain macro trends and business strategies, the cash flow analysis may not be as helpful when analyzing changes in our net earnings and net assets. We believe that in addition to the traditional cash flow analysis, the discussion related to liquidity, dividends, and ALM herein may provide more useful context in evaluating our liquidity position and related activity.

Net cash provided by operating activities was $3.0 billion and $3.5 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Operating cash inflows were lower versus the prior year due to unfavorable market conditions as a result of the current macroeconomic environment. Refer to the Consolidated Results of Operations section of this MD&A for further discussion.

Net cash used in investing activities was $2.5 billion and $9.4 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively. The change was primarily due to a $3.6 billion increase in net cash inflows related to loans held-for-investment and a $3.2 billion increase in net cash inflows related to available-for-sale securities.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2023, was $3.9 billion, compared to $5.1 billion for the same period in 2022. The change was primarily attributable to a decrease in net cash inflows of $8.0 billion related to short-term borrowings. The decrease was partially offset by higher deposits of $3.2 billion, a decrease in cash outflows related to long-term debt of $2.6 billion, and a decrease in cash outflows of $1.2 billion from lower repurchases of common stock.

Capital Planning and Stress Tests

Under the Tailoring Rules, we are generally subject to supervisory stress testing on a two-year cycle and exempted from mandated company-run capital stress testing requirements. We are also required to submit an annual capital plan to the FRB. Our annual capital plan must include an assessment of our expected uses and sources of capital and a description of all planned capital actions over a nine-quarter planning horizon, including any issuance of a debt or equity capital instrument, any dividend or other capital distribution, and any similar action that the FRB determines could have an impact on our capital. The plan must also include a detailed description of our process for assessing capital adequacy, including a discussion of how we, under expected and stressful conditions, will maintain capital commensurate with our risks and above the minimum regulatory capital ratios, will serve as a source of strength to Ally Bank, and will maintain sufficient

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capital to continue our operations by maintaining ready access to funding, meeting our obligations to creditors and other counterparties, and continuing to serve as a credit intermediary.

The Tailoring Rules align capital planning, supervisory stress testing, and stress capital buffer requirements for large banking organizations like Ally. As a Category IV firm, Ally is expected to have the ability to elect to participate in the supervisory stress test—and receive a correspondingly updated stress capital buffer requirement—in a year in which Ally would not generally be subject to the supervisory stress test. Refer to the section titled Basel Capital Framework in Note 17 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion about our stress capital buffer requirements. During a year in which Ally does not undergo a supervisory stress test, we would receive an updated stress capital buffer requirement only to reflect our updated planned common-stock dividends. Ally was subject to the 2022 supervisory stress test and did not elect to participate in the 2023 supervisory stress test.

On January 10, 2022, our Board authorized a stock-repurchase program, permitting us to repurchase up to $2.0 billion of our common stock from time to time from the first quarter of 2022 through the fourth quarter of 2022 subject to restrictions imposed by the FRB, and an increase in our cash dividend on common stock from $0.25 per share for the fourth quarter of 2021 to $0.30 per share for the first quarter of 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we repurchased $1.65 billion of common stock under our stock-repurchase program. Since the commencement of our initial stock-repurchase program in the third quarter of 2016, we have reduced the number of outstanding shares of our common stock by 38%, from 484 million as of June 30, 2016, to 302 million as of June 30, 2023. At this time, the Board has not authorized a stock-repurchase program for 2023.

We submitted our 2022 capital plan to the FRB on April 5, 2022. Ally received an updated preliminary stress capital buffer requirement from the FRB in June 2022, which was determined to be 2.5% and reflected a decline of 100 basis points relative to our prior requirement. The updated 2.5% stress capital buffer requirement was finalized in August 2022 and became effective on October 1, 2022. In February 2023, we accessed the unsecured debt capital markets and issued $500 million of additional subordinated notes, which qualify as Tier 2 capital for Ally under U.S. Basel III. We submitted our 2023 capital plan to the FRB on April 5, 2023, and received in June 2023 an updated preliminary stress capital buffer requirement that remained unchanged at 2.5%. The 2.5% stress capital buffer requirement was finalized in July 2023, and will become effective on October 1, 2023.

Our ability to make capital distributions, including our ability to pay dividends or repurchase shares of our common stock, will continue to be subject to the FRB’s review and our internal governance requirements, including approval by our Board. The amount and size of any future dividends and share repurchases also will be subject to various factors, including Ally’s capital and liquidity positions, accounting and regulatory considerations (including any restrictions that may be imposed by the FRB and any changes to capital, liquidity, and other regulatory requirements that may be proposed or adopted by the U.S. banking agencies), the taxation of share repurchases, financial and operational performance, alternative uses of capital, common-stock price, and general market conditions, and may be extended, modified, or discontinued at any time.

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Regulatory Capital

We became subject to U.S. Basel III on January 1, 2015, although a number of its provisions—including capital buffers and certain regulatory capital deductions—were subject to phase-in periods. For further information on U.S. Basel III, refer to Note 17 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The following table presents selected regulatory capital data under U.S Basel III.

	June 30,
($ in millions)	2023			2022
Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio	9.29		%	9.62		%
Tier 1 capital ratio	10.72		%	11.11		%
Total capital ratio	12.50		%	12.75		%
Tier 1 leverage ratio (to adjusted quarterly average assets) (a)	8.59		%	9.10		%
Total equity	$	13,532		$	13,984
CECL phase-in adjustment (b)	591			887
Preferred stock (c)	(2,324)			(2,324)
Goodwill and certain other intangibles	(887)			(920)
Deferred tax assets arising from net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards (d)	(5)			(5)
AOCI-related adjustments (e)	3,884			3,028
Common Equity Tier 1 capital	14,791			14,650
Preferred stock (c)	2,324			2,324
Other adjustments	(61)			(49)
Tier 1 capital	17,054			16,925
Qualifying subordinated debt and other instruments qualifying as Tier 2	902			624
Qualifying allowance for loan losses and other adjustments	1,941			1,860
Total capital	$	19,897		$	19,409
Risk-weighted assets (f)	$	159,153		$	152,287

(a)Tier 1 leverage ratio equals Tier 1 capital divided by adjusted quarterly average total assets, which both reflect adjustments for disallowed goodwill, certain intangible assets, and disallowed deferred tax assets.

(b)We elected to delay recognizing the estimated impact of CECL on regulatory capital until after a two-year deferral period, which for us extended through December 31, 2021. Beginning on January 1, 2022, we phased in 25% of the previously deferred estimated capital impact of CECL, with an additional 25% to be phased in at the beginning of each subsequent year until fully phased in by the first quarter of 2025. Refer to Note 17 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

(c)Refer to Note 14 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details about our non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock.

(d)Contains deferred tax assets required to be deducted from capital under U.S. Basel III.

(e)Comprises adjustments related to our accumulated other comprehensive income opt-out election, which allows us to exclude most elements of accumulated other comprehensive income from regulatory capital.

(f)Risk-weighted assets are defined by regulation and are generally determined by allocating assets and specified off-balance sheet exposures to various risk categories.

Our Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio was approximately 9.3% at both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. Since Ally and Ally Bank are not subject to the advanced approaches risk-based capital rules, we elected to apply a one-time option to exclude most components of accumulated other comprehensive income from regulatory capital. As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, Ally had $3.9 billion and $4.1 billion of accumulated other comprehensive losses, net of applicable income taxes, that were excluded from Common Equity Tier 1 capital. In the unlikely event of immediate, full phase in of these accumulated other comprehensive losses, our Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio would have been approximately 6.9% and 6.7% as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. These amounts are determined by adding back the net accumulated other comprehensive losses noted above to Common Equity Tier 1 capital, and by considering the marginal benefits from using the fair value of available-for-sale investment securities—rather than amortized cost, as currently used—in the RWA calculation. As of June 30, 2023, approximately 3% of our unrealized losses on investment securities were contained in our held-to-maturity portfolio and therefore not considered in this analysis of potential changes related to the accumulated other comprehensive income opt-out election. Refer to Note 17 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion about the implementation of the Basel III endgame in the United States.

Credit Ratings

The cost and availability of unsecured financing are influenced by credit ratings, which are intended to be an indicator of the creditworthiness of a particular company, security, or obligation. Lower ratings result in higher borrowing costs and reduced access to capital markets. This is particularly true for certain institutional investors whose investment guidelines require investment-grade ratings on term debt and the two highest rating categories for short-term debt (particularly money-market investors).

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Nationally recognized statistical rating organizations rate substantially all our debt. The following table summarizes our current ratings and outlook by the respective nationally recognized rating agencies.

Rating agency	Short-term	Senior unsecured debt	Outlook
Fitch (a)	F3	BBB-	Stable
Moody’s (b)	P-3	Baa3	Stable
S&P (c)	A-3	BBB-	Stable
DBRS (d)	R-2 (high)	BBB	Stable

(a)Fitch affirmed our senior unsecured debt rating of BBB-, short-term rating of F3, and affirmed the outlook of Stable on March 20, 2023.

(b)Moody’s upgraded our senior unsecured rating to Baa3 from Ba1, upgraded our short-term rating to P-3 from Non-Prime and changed the outlook to Stable from Rating Under Review on August 27, 2021.

(c)Standard & Poor’s affirmed our senior unsecured debt rating of BBB-, affirmed our short-term rating of A-3, and changed the outlook to Stable from Negative on March 25, 2021.

(d)DBRS upgraded our senior unsecured debt rating to BBB from BBB (Low), upgraded our short-term rating to R-2 (high) from R-3, and affirmed the outlook of Stable on March 6, 2023.

As illustrated by the issuer ratings above, as of June 30, 2023, Ally holds an investment-grade rating from all the respective nationally recognized rating agencies.

Rating agencies indicate that they base their ratings on many quantitative and qualitative factors, which may include capital adequacy, liquidity, asset quality, business mix, level and quality of earnings, and the current operating, legislative, and regulatory environment. Rating agencies themselves could make or be required to make substantial changes to their ratings policies and practices—particularly in response to legislative and regulatory changes. Potential changes in rating methodology, as well as in the legislative and regulatory environment, and the timing of those changes could impact our ratings, which as noted above could increase our borrowing costs and reduce our access to capital.

A credit rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold securities, and the ratings are subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating agency. Each rating should be evaluated independently of any other rating.

Critical Accounting Estimates

We identified critical accounting estimates that, as a result of judgments, uncertainties, uniqueness, and complexities of the underlying accounting standards and operations involved could result in material changes to our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows under different conditions or using different assumptions.

Our most critical accounting estimates are as follows:

•Allowance for loan losses

•Valuation of automotive lease assets and residuals

•Fair value of financial instruments

•Determination of provision for income taxes

We did not substantively change any material aspect of our methodologies and processes used in developing any of the estimates described above from what was described in the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Refer to Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion regarding the methodology used in calculating the provision for income taxes for interim financial reporting.

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Statistical Table

The accompanying supplemental information should be read in conjunction with the more detailed information, including our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto, which appears elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.

Net Interest Margin Table

The following tables present an analysis of net yield on interest-earning assets (or net interest margin) excluding discontinued operations for the periods shown.

	2023						2022						Increase (decrease) due to
Three months ended June 30, ($ in millions)	Average balance (a)		Interest income/interest expense		Yield/rate		Average balance (a)		Interest income/interest expense		Yield/rate		Volume		Yield/rate		Total
Assets
Interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents	$	7,401	$	87	4.70	%	$	3,761	$	5	0.61	%	$	5	$	77	$	82
Investment securities (b)	30,826		238		3.09		33,754		195		2.31		(17)		60		43
Loans held-for-sale, net	422		7		7.22		420		4		3.84		—		3		3
Finance receivables and loans, net (b) (c)	137,185		2,721		7.96		125,628		1,842		5.88		169		710		879
Investment in operating leases, net (d)	10,110		192		7.60		10,615		177		6.66		(8)		23		15
Other earning assets	711		9		5.06		925		8		3.42		(2)		3		1
Total interest-earning assets	186,655		3,254		6.99		175,103		2,231		5.11						1,023
Noninterest-bearing cash and cash equivalents	362						343
Other assets	10,781						10,510
Allowance for loan losses	(3,777)						(3,339)
Total assets	$	194,021					$	182,617
Liabilities and equity
Interest-bearing deposit liabilities (b)	$	152,220	$	1,418	3.74	%	$	139,633	$	263	0.76	%	$	24	$	1,131	$	1,155
Short-term borrowings	833		11		5.28		5,695		19		1.40		(16)		8		(8)
Long-term debt	20,256		252		4.99		16,231		184		4.53		46		22		68
Total interest-bearing liabilities	173,309		1,681		3.89		161,559		466		1.16						1,215
Noninterest-bearing deposit liabilities	162						181
Total funding sources	173,471		1,681		3.89		161,740		466		1.16
Other liabilities (e)	6,760		—		n/m		6,408		1		n/m		n/m		n/m		(1)
Total liabilities	180,231						168,148
Total equity	13,790						14,469
Total liabilities and equity	$	194,021					$	182,617
Net financing revenue and other interest income			$	1,573					$	1,764							$	(191)
Net interest spread (f)					3.10	%					3.95	%
Net yield on interest-earning assets (g)					3.38	%					4.04	%

n/m = not meaningful

(a)Average balances are calculated using an average daily balance methodology.

(b)Includes the effects of derivative financial instruments designated as hedges. Refer to Note 18 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information about the effects of our hedging activities.

(c)Nonperforming finance receivables and loans are included in the average balances. For information on our accounting policies regarding nonperforming status, refer to Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

(d)Yield includes gains on the sale of off-lease vehicles of $70 million and $50 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Excluding these gains on sale, the annualized yield was 4.83% and 4.79% for the three months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

(e)Represents interest expense on tax liabilities included in other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The interest expense on tax liabilities is included in the net yield on interest-earning assets and excluded from the interest spread. For more information on our accounting policies regarding income taxes, refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

(f)Net interest spread represents the difference between the rate on total interest-earning assets and the rate on total interest-bearing liabilities.

(g)Net yield on interest-earning assets represents annualized net financing revenue and other interest income as a percentage of total interest-earning assets.

125

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

	2023						2022						Increase (decrease) due to
Six months ended June 30, ($ in millions)	Average balance (a)		Interest income/interest expense		Yield/rate		Average balance (a)		Interest income/interest expense		Yield/rate		Volume		Yield/rate		Total
Assets
Interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents	$	6,571	$	143	4.38	%	$	3,893	$	7	0.38	%	$	5	$	131	$	136
Investment securities (b)	31,163		464		3.00		34,821		378		2.19		(40)		126		86
Loans held-for-sale, net	579		22		7.72		495		8		3.26		1		13		14
Finance receivables and loans, net (b) (c)	136,506		5,296		7.82		124,208		3,556		5.77		352		1,388		1,740
Investment in operating leases, net (d)	10,272		368		7.22		10,746		363		6.81		(16)		21		5
Other earning assets	688		21		6.08		845		13		3.17		(2)		10		8
Total interest-earning assets	185,779		6,314		6.85		175,008		4,325		4.98						1,989
Noninterest-bearing cash and cash equivalents	348						382
Other assets	10,799						10,169
Allowance for loan losses	(3,753)						(3,309)
Total assets	$	193,173					$	182,250
Liabilities and equity
Interest-bearing deposit liabilities (b)	$	152,396	$	2,635	3.49	%	$	140,505	$	474	0.68	%	$	40	$	2,121	$	2,161
Short-term borrowings	928		23		5.38		3,351		24		1.48		(17)		16		(1)
Long-term debt	19,328		479		5.00		16,320		369		4.56		68		42		110
Total interest-bearing liabilities	172,652		3,137		3.67		160,176		867		1.09						2,270
Noninterest-bearing deposit liabilities	170						176
Total funding sources	172,822		3,137		3.67		160,352		867		1.09
Other liabilities (e)	6,712		2		n/m		6,589		1		n/m		n/m		n/m		1
Total liabilities	179,534						166,941
Total equity	13,639						15,309
Total liabilities and equity	$	193,173					$	182,250
Net financing revenue and other interest income			$	3,175					$	3,457							$	(282)
Net interest spread (f)					3.18	%					3.89	%
Net yield on interest-earning assets (g)					3.45	%					3.98	%

n/m = not meaningful

(a)Average balances are calculated using an average daily balance methodology.

(b)Includes the effects of derivative financial instruments designated as hedges. Refer to Note 18 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information about the effects of our hedging activities.

(c)Nonperforming finance receivables and loans are included in the average balances. For information on our accounting policies regarding nonperforming status, refer to Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

(d)Yield includes gains on the sale of off-lease vehicles of $117 million and $100 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Excluding these gains on sale, the annualized yield was 4.93% and 4.94% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

(e)Represents interest expense on tax liabilities included in other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The interest expense on tax

liabilities is included in the net yield on interest-earning assets and excluded from the interest spread. For more information on our accounting policies

regarding income taxes, refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

(f)Net interest spread represents the difference between the rate on total interest-earning assets and the rate on total interest-bearing liabilities.

(g)Net yield on interest-earning assets represents annualized net financing revenue and other interest income as a percentage of total interest-earning assets.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Refer to Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

126

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Item 3.     Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Refer to the Market Risk section of Item 2, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

127

Controls and Procedures

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Item 4.    Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the specified time periods. Our disclosure controls and procedures are also designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file and submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer), to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of internal control including the possibility of human error or the circumvention or overriding of controls through individual actions or collusion. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer evaluated, with the participation of our management, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) and concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

In the normal course of business, we review our controls and procedures and make enhancements or modifications intended to support the quality of our financial reporting. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2023, that have materially affected, or were reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

128

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Item 1.    Legal Proceedings

Refer to Note 23 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (incorporated herein by reference) for a discussion related to our legal proceedings, which supplements the discussion of legal proceedings set forth in Note 29 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 1A.    Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the Risk Factors described in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

We did not have any unregistered sales of equity securities during the three months ended June 30, 2023.

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer

The following table presents repurchases of our common stock, by month, for the three months ended June 30, 2023.

Three months ended June 30, 2023	Total number of shares repurchased (a) (in thousands)	Weighted-average price paid per share (a) (in dollars)
April 2023	46	$	26.37
May 2023	8	25.60
June 2023	4	28.56
Total	58	26.42

(a)Consists of common stock withheld to cover income taxes owed by participants in our share-based incentive plans.

Item 3.    Defaults upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5.    Other Information

None.

129

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Item 6.    Exhibits

The exhibits listed on the following index of exhibits are filed as a part of this report.

Exhibit	Description	Method of Filing
22.1	Subsidiary Guarantors	Filed as Exhibit 22 to the Company’s Quarterly Report for the period ended March 31, 2020, on Form 10-Q (File No. 1-3754), incorporated herein by reference.
31.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)	Filed herewith.
31.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)	Filed herewith.
32	Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350	Filed herewith.
101	The following information from our Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2023, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (unaudited), (ii) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet (unaudited), (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity (unaudited), (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (unaudited), and (v) the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	Filed herewith.
104	The cover page of our Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2023, (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)	Filed herewith.

130

Signatures

Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, this 1st day of August, 2023.

Ally Financial Inc.

(Registrant)

/S/ RUSSELL E. HUTCHINSON

Russell E. Hutchinson

Chief Financial Officer

/S/ DAVID J. DEBRUNNER

David J. DeBrunner

Vice President, Controller, and Chief Accounting Officer

131

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

Ally Financial Inc. 

I, Jeffrey J. Brown, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of Ally Financial Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a–15(e) and 15d–15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a–15(f) and 15d–15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)designed such internal control over financial reporting or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

a)all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and

b)any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 1, 2023

/S/JEFFREY J. BROWN

Jeffrey J. Brown

Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

Ally Financial Inc.

I, Russell E. Hutchinson, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of Ally Financial Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a–15(e) and 15d–15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a–15(f) and 15d–15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)designed such internal control over financial reporting or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

a)all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and

b)any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 1, 2023

/S/RUSSELL E. HUTCHINSON

Russell E. Hutchinson

Chief Financial Officer

EX-32

Exhibit 32

Ally Financial Inc.

Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Ally Financial Inc. (the Company) on Form 10-Q for the period ending June 30, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the Report), each of the undersigned officers of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of their knowledge:

1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/S/ JEFFREY J. BROWN

Jeffrey J. Brown

Chief Executive Officer

August 1, 2023

/S/RUSSELL E. HUTCHINSON

Russell E. Hutchinson

Chief Financial Officer

August 1, 2023

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to Ally Financial Inc. and will be furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

XML

Cover Page - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jul. 28, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	1-3754
Entity Registrant Name	Ally Financial Inc.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	38-0572512
Entity Address, Address Description	Ally Detroit Center
Entity Address, Address Line One	500 Woodward Avenue
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Floor 10
Entity Address, City or Town	Detroit
Entity Address, State or Province	MI
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	48226
City Area Code	866
Local Phone Number	710-4623
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
Trading Symbol	ALLY
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		301,618,768
Entity Central Index Key	0000040729
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Amendment Flag	false

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Millions		3 Months Ended			6 Months Ended
		Jun. 30, 2023		Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023		Jun. 30, 2022
Financing revenue and other interest income
Interest and fees on finance receivables and loans		$ 2,721		$ 1,842	$ 5,296		$ 3,556
Interest on loans held-for-sale		7		4	22		8
Interest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assets		247		203	485		391
Interest on cash and cash equivalents		87		5	143		7
Operating leases		392		396	794		799
Total financing revenue and other interest income		3,454		2,450	6,740		4,761
Interest expense
Interest on deposits		1,418		263	2,635		474
Interest on short-term borrowings		11		19	23		24
Interest on long-term debt		252		184	479		369
Interest on other		0		1	2		1
Total interest expense		1,681		467	3,139		868
Net depreciation expense on operating lease assets		200		219	426		436
Net financing revenue and other interest income		1,573		1,764	3,175		3,457
Other revenue
Insurance premiums and service revenue earned		310		280	616		560
Gain on mortgage and automotive loans, net		5		4	9		18
Other gain (loss) on investments, net		26		(124)	100		(119)
Other income, net of losses		165		152	279		295
Total other revenue		506		312	1,004		754
Total net revenue		2,079		2,076	4,179		4,211
Provision for credit losses		427		304	873		471
Noninterest expense
Compensation and benefits expense		448		437	985		930
Insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses		134		89	222		147
Other operating expenses		667		612	1,308		1,183
Total noninterest expense		1,249		1,138	2,515		2,260
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense		403		634	791		1,480
Income tax expense from continuing operations		74		152	142		343
Net income from continuing operations		329	[1]	482	649	[1]	1,137	[1]
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax		0		0	(1)		0
Net income		329		482	648		1,137
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax		(87)		(1,218)	196		(2,851)
Comprehensive income (loss)		242		(736)	844		(1,714)
Net income from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders	[1]	301		454	593		1,081
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	[1]	0		0	(1)		0
Net income attributable to common stockholders	[1]	$ 301		$ 454	$ 592		$ 1,081
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding (in shares)	[1],[2]	303,684		322,057	303,173		328,830
Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding (in shares)	[1],[2]	304,646		324,027	304,050		330,882
Basic earnings per common share
Net income from continuing operations (in dollars per share)	[1]	$ 0.99		$ 1.41	$ 1.96		$ 3.29
Net income (in dollars per share)	[1]	0.99		1.41	1.95		3.29
Diluted earnings per common share
Net income from continuing operations (in dollars per share)	[1]	0.99		1.40	1.95		3.27
Net income (in dollars per share)	[1]	0.99		1.40	1.95		3.27
Cash dividends declared per common share (in dollars per share)	[1]	$ 0.30		$ 0.30	$ 0.60		$ 0.60

[1] Figures in the table may not recalculate exactly due to rounding. Earnings per share is calculated based on unrounded numbers.

[2] Includes shares related to share-based compensation that vested but were not yet issued.

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet (unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents
Noninterest-bearing	$ 536	$ 542
Interest-bearing	9,436	5,029
Total cash and cash equivalents	9,972	5,571
Equity securities	759	681
Available-for-sale securities (amortized cost of $33,809 and $34,863)	28,664	29,541
Held-to-maturity securities (fair value of $850 and $884)	1,030	1,062
Loans held-for-sale, net	297	654
Finance receivables and loans, net
Finance receivables and loans, net of unearned income	138,449	135,748
Allowance for loan losses	(3,781)	(3,711)
Total finance receivables and loans, net	134,668	132,037
Investment in operating leases, net	9,930	10,444
Premiums receivable and other insurance assets	2,768	2,698
Other assets	9,153	9,138
Total assets	197,241	191,826
Deposit liabilities
Noninterest-bearing	160	185
Interest-bearing	154,150	152,112
Total deposit liabilities	154,310	152,297
Short-term borrowings	2,194	2,399
Long-term debt	20,141	17,762
Interest payable	955	408
Unearned insurance premiums and service revenue	3,478	3,453
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	2,631	2,648
Total liabilities	183,709	178,967
Contingencies (refer to Note 23)
Equity
Common stock and paid-in capital ($0.01 par value, shares authorized 1,100,000,000; issued 510,870,696 and 507,682,838; and outstanding 301,618,768 and 299,324,357)	21,915	21,816
Preferred stock	2,324	2,324
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)	23	(384)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(3,863)	(4,059)
Treasury stock, at cost (209,251,928 and 208,358,481 shares)	(6,867)	(6,838)
Total equity	13,532	12,859
Total liabilities and equity	$ 197,241	$ 191,826

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet (unaudited) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Available-for-sale securities, amortized cost	$ 33,809	$ 34,863
Held-to-maturity securities, fair value	$ 850	$ 884
Common stock, par value per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,100,000,000	1,100,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	510,870,696	507,682,838
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	301,618,768	299,324,357
Treasury stock, common, shares (in shares)	209,251,928	208,358,481

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet (unaudited) (VIEs) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Finance receivables and loans, net	$ 138,449	$ 135,748
Allowance for loan losses	(3,781)	(3,711)
Total finance receivables and loans, net	134,668	132,037
Other assets	9,153	9,138
Total assets	197,241	191,826
Long-term debt	20,141	17,762
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	2,631	2,648
Total liabilities	183,709	178,967
Consumer
Finance receivables and loans, net	107,370	106,610
Consumer | Automotive
Finance receivables and loans, net	84,294	83,286
Allowance for loan losses	(3,064)	(3,020)
On-balance sheet variable interest entities
Allowance for loan losses	(361)	(336)
Total finance receivables and loans, net	9,567	9,211
Other assets	652	645
Total assets	10,219	9,856
Long-term debt	2,710	2,436
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	6	5
Total liabilities	2,716	2,441
On-balance sheet variable interest entities | Consumer | Automotive
Finance receivables and loans, net	9,928	9,547
Total assets	20,272	20,415
Total liabilities	$ 2,824	$ 2,553

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Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity (unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Total	Series B Preferred Stock	Series C Preferred Stock	Common stock and paid-in capital	Preferred stock	Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)	Retained earnings (accumulated deficit) Series B Preferred Stock	Retained earnings (accumulated deficit) Series C Preferred Stock	Accumulated other comprehensive loss	Treasury stock
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 17,050			$ 21,671	$ 2,324	$ (1,599)			$ (158)	$ (5,188)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	1,137					1,137
Preferred stock dividends		$ (32)	$ (24)				$ (32)	$ (24)
Share-based compensation	91			91
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(2,851)								(2,851)
Common stock repurchases	(1,184)									(1,184)
Common stock dividends	(203)					(203)
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2022	13,984			21,762	2,324	(721)			(3,009)	(6,372)
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2022	15,413			21,728	2,324	(1,076)			(1,791)	(5,772)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	482					482
Preferred stock dividends		(16)	(12)				(16)	(12)
Share-based compensation	34			34
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(1,218)								(1,218)
Common stock repurchases	(600)									(600)
Common stock dividends	(99)					(99)
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2022	13,984			21,762	2,324	(721)			(3,009)	(6,372)
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	12,859			21,816	2,324	(384)			(4,059)	(6,838)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	648					648
Preferred stock dividends		(32)	(24)				(32)	(24)
Share-based compensation	99			99
Other comprehensive income (loss)	196								196
Common stock repurchases	(29)									(29)
Common stock dividends	(185)					(185)
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2023	13,532			21,915	2,324	23			(3,863)	(6,867)
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2023	13,378			21,880	2,324	(185)			(3,776)	(6,865)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	329					329
Preferred stock dividends		$ (16)	$ (12)				$ (16)	$ (12)
Share-based compensation	35			35
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(87)								(87)
Common stock repurchases	(2)									(2)
Common stock dividends	(93)					(93)
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2023	$ 13,532			$ 21,915	$ 2,324	$ 23			$ (3,863)	$ (6,867)

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Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity (unaudited) (Parenthetical) - $ / shares		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
		Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Cash dividends declared per common share (in dollars per share)	[1]	$ 0.30	$ 0.30	$ 0.60	$ 0.60

[1] Figures in the table may not recalculate exactly due to rounding. Earnings per share is calculated based on unrounded numbers.

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Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Millions		6 Months Ended
		Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Operating activities
Net income		$ 648	$ 1,137
Reconciliation of net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization		613	666
Provision for credit losses		873	471
Gain on mortgage and automotive loans, net		(9)	(18)
Other (gain) loss on investments, net		(100)	119
Originations and purchases of loans held-for-sale		(1,327)	(2,484)
Proceeds from sales and repayments of loans held-for-sale		1,660	2,277
Net change in
Deferred income taxes		53	331
Interest payable		547	60
Other assets		30	912
Other liabilities		(42)	(19)
Other, net		74	20
Net cash provided by operating activities		3,020	3,472
Investing activities
Purchases of equity securities		(102)	(499)
Proceeds from sales of equity securities		127	720
Purchases of available-for-sale securities		(285)	(5,495)
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities		333	716
Proceeds from repayments of available-for-sale securities		1,024	2,675
Purchases of held-to-maturity securities		0	(47)
Proceeds from repayments of held-to-maturity securities		32	105
Purchases of finance receivables and loans held-for-investment		(2,035)	(3,838)
Proceeds from sales of finance receivables and loans initially held-for-investment		9	3
Originations and repayments of finance receivables and loans held-for-investment and other, net		(1,368)	(3,141)
Purchases of operating lease assets		(1,501)	(1,799)
Disposals of operating lease assets		1,580	1,716
Net change in nonmarketable equity investments		(39)	(246)
Other, net		(255)	(305)
Net cash used in investing activities		(2,480)	(9,435)
Financing activities
Net change in short-term borrowings		(205)	7,775
Net increase (decrease) in deposits		2,003	(1,159)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt		4,051	4,216
Repayments of long-term debt		(1,704)	(4,292)
Purchases of land and buildings in satisfaction of finance lease liabilities		0	(44)
Repurchases of common stock		(29)	(1,184)
Common stock dividends paid		(187)	(203)
Preferred stock dividends paid		(56)	(56)
Net cash provided by financing activities		3,873	5,053
Effect of exchange-rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash		3	(1)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash		4,416	(911)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year		6,222	5,670
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at June 30,		10,638	4,759
Cash paid (received) for
Interest		2,548	772
Income taxes		(71)	(429)
Noncash items
Loans held-for-sale transferred to finance receivables and loans held-for-investment		208	25
Additional Cash Flow Elements and Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet		9,972	4,167
Restricted cash included in other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet	[1]	666	592
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows		$ 10,638	$ 4,759

[1] Restricted cash balances relate primarily to our securitization arrangements. Refer to Note 10 for additional details describing the nature of restricted cash balances.

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Description of Business, Basis of Presentation, and Changes in Significant Accounting Policies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Description of Business, Basis of Presentation, and Changes in Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business, Basis of Presentation, and Changes in Significant Accounting Policies

Ally Financial Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries unless the context otherwise requires, Ally, the Company, we, us, or our) is a financial-services company with the nation’s largest all-digital bank and an industry-leading automotive financing and insurance business, driven by a mission to “Do It Right” and be a relentless ally for customers and communities. The Company serves customers through a full range of online banking services (including deposits, mortgage lending, point-of-sale personal lending and credit-card products) and securities brokerage and investment advisory services. The Company also includes a corporate finance business that offers capital for equity sponsors and middle-market companies. Ally is a Delaware corporation and is registered as a BHC under the BHC Act and an FHC under the GLB Act.

Our accounting and reporting policies conform to U.S. GAAP. Additionally, where applicable, the policies conform to the accounting and reporting guidelines prescribed by bank regulatory authorities. Certain reclassifications may have been made to the prior periods’ financial statements and notes to conform to the current period’s presentation, which did not have a material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and that affect income and expenses during the reporting period and related disclosures. In developing the estimates and assumptions, management uses all available evidence; however, actual results could differ because of uncertainties associated with estimating the amounts, timing, and likelihood of possible outcomes. Our most significant estimates pertain to the allowance for loan losses, valuations of automotive lease assets and residuals, fair value of financial instruments, and the determination of the provision for income taxes.

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements at June 30, 2023, and for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, are unaudited but reflect all adjustments that are, in management’s opinion, necessary for the fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. These unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements (and the related Notes) included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed on February 24, 2023, with the SEC.

Significant Accounting Policies

Finance Receivables and Loans

On January 1, 2023, we implemented ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. This guidance eliminates the concept of TDRs and adds new disclosure requirements related to loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty and gross charge-offs. We implemented the ASU on a prospective basis, which results in certain aspects of our accounting policies changing for the current year. For significant accounting policy information related to the accounting and reporting of TDRs, for which comparative period information is presented, refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Modifications of Loans with Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

We may provide a modification to a borrower who is experiencing financial difficulty if we believe they have the ability and are willing to repay their loan. The type of modification granted will vary depending on our credit risk management practices, as well as the borrower’s financial condition and the characteristics of the loan, including the unpaid balance, the underlying collateral, and the number or types of previous modifications granted. Modifications that we make subject to these requirements include payment extensions, principal forgiveness, and/or interest rate concessions. These modifications generally reduce the borrower’s periodic payment amount. The following is a description of each of these types of modifications.

•Payment extensions — Payment extensions include both payment deferrals and contractual maturity extensions. Deferral arrangements allow borrowers to delay a scheduled loan payment to a later date. Deferred loan payments do not affect the original contractual terms of the loan and the contractual maturity date of the loan remains unchanged. Deferrals also include certain forbearance agreements. Within the commercial loan portfolio, deferrals primarily reflect a deferral of interest payments. Under a contractual maturity extension agreement, the last payment date is extended to a future date, contractually lengthening the remaining term of the original loan.

•Principal forgiveness — Under principal forgiveness, the outstanding principal balance of a loan is reduced by a specified amount. Principal forgiveness may occur voluntarily as part of a negotiated agreement with a borrower, or involuntarily through a bankruptcy proceeding. Under these involuntary instances, the bankruptcy court in a Chapter 11 or 13 proceeding may order us to reduce the outstanding principal balance of the loan to a specified amount.

•Interest rate concessions — Interest rate concessions adjust the contractual interest rate of the loan to a rate that is not consistent with a market rate for a customer with similar credit risk.

•Combination — Combination includes loans that have undergone multiple of the above loan modification types. This primarily includes rewritten loans where we grant an interest rate concession and a contractual maturity extension.

Significant judgment is required to determine if a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. These considerations vary by portfolio class. In all cases, the cumulative impacts of all modifications made within the 12-month period before the current modification are considered at the time of the most recent modification.

For consumer loans of all classes, various qualitative factors are used for assessing the financial difficulty of the borrower. These factors include, but are not limited to, the borrower’s default status on any of its debts, bankruptcy, and recent changes in financial circumstances (for instance, loss of employment). For commercial loans of all classes, similar qualitative factors are considered when assessing the financial difficulty of the borrower. In addition to the previously noted factors, consideration is also given to the borrower’s forecasted ability to service the debt in accordance with the contractual terms, possible regulatory actions, and other potential business disruptions (for example, the loss of a significant customer or other revenue stream).

In our consumer automotive portfolio class of loans, we also provide extensions or deferrals of payments to borrowers whom we deem to be experiencing only temporary financial difficulty. In these cases, there are limits within our operational policies to minimize the number of times a loan can be extended, as well as limits to the length of each extension, including a cumulative cap over the life of the loan. If these limits are breached, the modification may require disclosure as noted in the following paragraph. Before offering an extension or deferral, we evaluate the capacity of the customer to make the scheduled payments after the deferral period. During the deferral period, we continue to accrue interest on the loan as part of the deferral agreement. We grant these extensions or deferrals when we expect to collect all amounts due including interest accrued at the original contract rate.

We do not disclose modifications that result in only an insignificant payment delay. In order to assess whether a payment delay is insignificant, we consider the amount of the modified payments subject to delay in conjunction with the unpaid principal balance or the collateral value of the loan, whether or not the delay is significant with respect to the frequency of payments under the original contract, or the loan’s original expected duration. In the cases where payment extensions cumulatively extend beyond 90 days and are more than 10% of the original contractual term, or where the cumulative payment extension within the 12-month period immediately preceding the current modification is beyond 180 days, we deem the delay in payment to be more than insignificant.

The financial impacts of modifications that meet the definition of a modification to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are reported in the period in which they are identified. Additionally, if such a loan defaults within 12 months of the modification, we are required to disclose the instances of redefault. For the purpose of this disclosure, we have determined that a loan is considered to have redefaulted when the loan meets the requirements for evaluation under our charge-off policy, except for commercial loans where redefault is defined as 90 days past due.

Nonaccrual Loans

Generally, we recognize loans of all classes as past due when they are 30 days delinquent on making a contractually required payment, and loans are placed on nonaccrual status when principal or interest has been delinquent for at least 90 days, or when full collection is not expected. Interest income recognition is suspended when finance receivables and loans are placed on nonaccrual status. Additionally, amortization of premiums and discounts and deferred fees and costs ceases when finance receivables and loans are placed on nonaccrual status. Exceptions include commercial real estate loans that are placed on nonaccrual status when delinquent for 60 days or when full collection is not probable, if sooner. Additionally, a loan can be returned to accrual status when the loan has been brought fully current, the collection of contractual principal and interest is reasonably assured, and six consecutive months of repayment performance is achieved. In certain cases, if a borrower has been current up to the time of the modification and repayment of the debt subsequent to the modification is reasonably assured, we may choose to continue to accrue interest on the loan.

Income Taxes

In calculating the provision for interim income taxes, in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, we apply an estimated annual effective tax rate to year-to-date ordinary income. At the end of each interim period, we estimate the effective tax rate expected to be applicable for the full fiscal year. This method differs from that described in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which describes our annual significant income tax accounting policy and related methodology.

Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K regarding additional significant accounting policies.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures (ASU 2022-02)

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. The purpose of this guidance is twofold. First, the guidance eliminates TDR recognition and measurement guidance that has been deemed no longer necessary under CECL. The guidance also adds a requirement to incorporate current year gross charge-offs by origination year into the vintage tables. With respect to the TDR impacts, under CECL, credit losses for financial assets measured at amortized cost are determined based on the total current expected credit losses over the life of the financial asset or group of financial assets. Therefore, credit losses on financial assets that have been modified as TDRs would have largely been incorporated in the allowance upon initial recognition. Under ASU 2022-02, we will evaluate whether loan modifications previously characterized as TDRs represent a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan in accordance with ASC Topic 310, Receivables. The guidance also added new disclosures that require an entity to provide information related to loan modifications that are made to borrowers that are deemed to be in financial difficulty. We adopted the ASU on January 1, 2023, on a prospective basis. The impact of these amendments was not material.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions (ASU 2022-03)

In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions. The purpose of this guidance is to clarify that a contractual restriction on the ability to sell an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of the equity security, and therefore should not be considered when measuring the equity security’s fair value. Additionally, an entity cannot separately recognize and measure a contractual-sale restriction. This guidance also adds specific disclosures related to equity securities that are subject to contractual-sale restrictions, including (1) the fair value of equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions reflected in the balance sheet, (2) the nature and remaining duration of the restrictions, and (3) the circumstances that could cause a lapse in the restrictions. The amendments are effective on January 1, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendments must be applied using a prospective approach with any adjustments from the adoption of the amendments recognized in earnings and disclosed upon adoption. Management does not expect the impact of these amendments to be material.

Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method (ASU 2023-02)

In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-02, Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method. The purpose of this guidance is to expand the use of the proportional amortization method to certain tax equity investments made primarily for the purpose of receiving income tax credits and other income tax benefits. In order to qualify for the proportional amortization method, the following five conditions must be met: (1) it is probable that the income tax credits allocable to the tax equity investor will be available, (2) the tax equity investor does not have the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the underlying project, (3) substantially all of the projected benefits are from income tax credits and other income tax benefits, (4) the tax equity investor’s projected yield is based solely on the cash flows from the income tax credits and other income tax benefits is positive, and (5) the tax equity investor is a limited liability investor in the limited liability entity for both legal and tax purposes, and the tax equity investor’s liability is limited to its capital investment. Selecting the proportional amortization method will be an accounting policy election that must be applied on a tax-credit-program-by-tax-credit-program basis rather than at the entity level or to individual investments. Additionally, in order to apply the proportional amortization method to qualifying investments, an entity must use the flow-through method when accounting for the receipt of the investment tax credits. This guidance also adds disclosure requirements related to tax credit programs where the proportional amortization method has been elected. The amendments are effective on January 1, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendments must be applied using either a modified retrospective or retrospective approach with any adjustments from the adoption of the amendments recognized in retained earnings and disclosed upon adoption. In the event that we elect to apply the proportional amortization method to any qualifying programs upon adoption, management is still assessing the total impacts of these amendments, but does not expect the impact of these amendments to be material.

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Revenue from Contracts with Customers

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Revenue from Contracts with CustomersOur primary revenue sources, which include financing revenue and other interest income, are addressed by other U.S. GAAP topics and are not in the scope of ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. As part of our Insurance operations, we recognize revenue from insurance contracts, which are addressed by other U.S. GAAP topics and are not included in the scope of this standard. Certain noninsurance contracts within our Insurance operations, including VSCs, GAP contracts, and VMCs, are included in the scope of this standard. All revenue associated with noninsurance contracts is recognized over the contract term on a basis proportionate to the anticipated cost emergence. Further, commissions and sales expense incurred to obtain these contracts are amortized over the terms of the related policies and service contracts on the same basis as premiums and service revenue are earned, and all advertising costs are recognized as expense when incurred.

The following tables present a disaggregated view of our revenue from contracts with customers. For further information regarding our revenue recognition policies and details about the nature of our respective revenue streams, refer to Note 1 and Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Three months ended June 30, ($ in millions)	Automotive Finance operations		Insurance operations		Mortgage Finance operations		Corporate Finance operations		Corporate and Other		Consolidated
2023
Revenue from contracts with customers
Noninsurance contracts (a) (b) (c)	$	—	$	171	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	171
Remarketing fee income	31		—		—		—		—		31
Brokerage commissions and other revenue	—		—		—		—		23		23
Banking fees and interchange income (d)	—		—		—		—		11		11
Brokered/agent commissions	—		4		—		—		—		4
Other	5		—		—		—		—		5
Total revenue from contracts with customers	36		175		—		—		34		245
All other revenue	47		162		5		28		19		261
Total other revenue (e)	$	83	$	337	$	5	$	28	$	53	$	506
2022
Revenue from contracts with customers
Noninsurance contracts (a) (b) (c)	$	—	$	163	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	163
Remarketing fee income	29		—		—		—		—		29
Brokerage commissions and other revenue	—		—		—		—		13		13
Banking fees and interchange income (d)	—		—		—		—		10		10
Brokered/agent commissions	—		4		—		—		—		4
Other	6		—		—		—		1		7
Total revenue from contracts with customers	35		167		—		—		24		226
All other revenue	37		(9)		4		19		35		86
Total other revenue (e)	$	72	$	158	$	4	$	19	$	59	$	312

(a)We had opening balances of $3.0 billion in unearned revenue associated with outstanding contracts at both April 1, 2023, and 2022, and $243 million and $234 million of these balances were recognized as insurance premiums and service revenue earned in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income during the three months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

(b)At June 30, 2023, we had unearned revenue of $3.0 billion associated with outstanding contracts, and with respect to this balance we expect to recognize revenue of $464 million during the remainder of 2023, $812 million in 2024, $644 million in 2025, $467 million in 2026, and $582 million thereafter. At June 30, 2022, we had unearned revenue of $3.0 billion associated with outstanding contracts.

(c)We had deferred insurance assets of $1.8 billion at both April 1, 2023, and June 30, 2023, and recognized $144 million of expense during the three months ended June 30, 2023. We had deferred insurance assets of $1.8 billion at both April 1, 2022, and June 30, 2022, and recognized $140 million of expense during the three months ended June 30, 2022.

(d)Interchange income is reported net of customer rewards. Customer rewards expense was $5 million and $3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

(e)Represents a component of total net revenue. Refer to Note 22 for further information on our reportable operating segments.

Six months ended June 30, ($ in millions)	Automotive Finance operations		Insurance operations		Mortgage Finance operations		Corporate Finance operations		Corporate and Other		Consolidated
2023
Revenue from contracts with customers
Noninsurance contracts (a) (b)	$	—	$	340	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	340
Remarketing fee income	64		—		—		—		—		64
Brokerage commissions and other revenue	—		—		—		—		46		46
Banking fees and interchange income (c)	—		—		—		—		21		21
Brokered/agent commissions	—		7		—		—		—		7
Other	10		—		—		—		—		10
Total revenue from contracts with customers	74		347		—		—		67		488
All other revenue	86		371		9		57		(7)		516
Total other revenue (d)	$	160	$	718	$	9	$	57	$	60	$	1,004
2022
Revenue from contracts with customers
Noninsurance contracts (a) (b)	$	—	$	325	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	325
Remarketing fee income	56		—		—		—		—		56
Brokerage commissions and other revenue	—		—		—		—		24		24
Banking fees and interchange income (c)	—		—		—		—		21		21
Brokered/agent commissions	—		8		—		—		—		8
Other	11		—		—		—		2		13
Total revenue from contracts with customers	67		333		—		—		47		447
All other revenue	73		95		18		43		78		307
Total other revenue (d)	$	140	$	428	$	18	$	43	$	125	$	754

(a)We had opening balances of $3.0 billion and $3.1 billion in unearned revenue associated with outstanding contracts at January 1, 2023, and 2022, respectively, and $484 million and $465 million of these balances were recognized as insurance premiums and service revenue earned in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income during the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

(b)We had deferred insurance assets of $1.8 billion at both January 1, 2023, and June 30, 2023, and recognized $288 million of expense during the six months ended June 30, 2023. We had deferred insurance assets of $1.9 billion and $1.8 billion at January 1, 2022, and June 30, 2022, respectively, and recognized $277 million of expense during the six months ended June 30, 2022.

(c)Interchange income is reported net of customer rewards. Customer rewards expense was $9 million and $6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

(d)Represents a component of total net revenue. Refer to Note 22 for further information on our reportable operating segments.

In addition to the components of other revenue presented above, as part of our Automotive Finance operations, we recognized net remarketing gains of $70 million and $117 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $50 million and $100 million for the same periods in 2022, on the sale of off-lease vehicles. These gains are included in depreciation expense on operating lease assets in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

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Other Income, Net of Losses

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Other Nonoperating Income (Expense) [Abstract]

Other Income, Net of Losses

Other Income, Net of Losses

Details of other income, net of losses, were as follows.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Late charges and other administrative fees	$	48	$	38	$	95	$	75
Remarketing fees	31		29		64		56
Income (loss) from equity-method investments (a)	15		25		(3)		45
Gain (loss) on nonmarketable equity investments, net (a)	—		3		(11)		2
Other, net	71		57		134		117
Total other income, net of losses	$	165	$	152	$	279	$	295

(a)Refer to Note 10 for further information on our nonmarketable equity investments and equity-method investments.

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Reserves for Insurance Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Short-Duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]

Reserves for Insurance Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses

Reserves for Insurance Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses

The following table shows a rollforward of our reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses.

($ in millions)	2023		2022
Total gross reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses at January 1,	$	119	$	122
Less: Reinsurance recoverable	72		81
Net reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses at January 1,	47		41
Net insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred related to:
Current year	218		151
Prior years (a)	4		(4)
Total net insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred	222		147
Net insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses paid or payable related to:
Current year	(154)		(114)
Prior years	(35)		(24)
Total net insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses paid or payable	(189)		(138)
Net reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses at June 30,	80		50
Plus: Reinsurance recoverable	72		81
Total gross reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses at June 30,	$	152	$	131

(a)There have been no material adverse changes to the reserve for prior years.

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Other Operating Expenses

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Operating Expenses [Abstract]

Other Operating Expenses

Other Operating Expenses

Details of other operating expenses were as follows.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Insurance commissions	$	158	$	151	$	315	$	300
Technology and communications	111		100		219		197
Advertising and marketing	79		77		157		149
Lease and loan administration	53		54		101		105
Property and equipment depreciation	48		41		95		80
Regulatory and licensing fees	39		22		74		48
Professional services	36		47		68		90
Vehicle remarketing and repossession	28		22		55		42
Amortization of intangible assets (a)	6		8		13		16
Other	109		90		211		156
Total other operating expenses	$	667	$	612	$	1,308	$	1,183

(a)Refer to Note 10 for further information on our intangible assets.

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Investment Securities

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Investment Securities

Investment Securities

Our investment portfolio includes various debt and equity securities. Our debt securities, which are classified as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity, include government securities, corporate bonds, asset-backed securities, and mortgage-backed securities. The cost, fair value, and gross unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities were as follows.

	June 30, 2023								December 31, 2022
	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized				Fair value		Amortized cost		Gross unrealized				Fair value
($ in millions)			gains		losses						gains		losses
Available-for-sale securities
Debt securities
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	$	2,277	$	—	$	(248)	$	2,029	$	2,272	$	—	$	(256)	$	2,016
U.S. States and political subdivisions	746		—		(81)		665		841		1		(82)		760
Foreign government	180		—		(12)		168		158		—		(12)		146
Agency mortgage-backed residential (a)	18,808		—		(2,952)		15,856		19,668		3		(3,038)		16,633
Mortgage-backed residential	4,961		—		(818)		4,143		5,154		—		(855)		4,299
Agency mortgage-backed commercial (a)	4,499		—		(815)		3,684		4,380		—		(845)		3,535
Asset-backed	404		—		(21)		383		459		—		(26)		433
Corporate debt	1,934		1		(199)		1,736		1,931		1		(213)		1,719
Total available-for-sale securities (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)	$	33,809	$	1	$	(5,146)	$	28,664	$	34,863	$	5	$	(5,327)	$	29,541
Held-to-maturity securities
Debt securities
Agency mortgage-backed residential	$	1,030	$	—	$	(180)	$	850	$	1,062	$	—	$	(178)	$	884
Total held-to-maturity securities (f) (g)	$	1,030	$	—	$	(180)	$	850	$	1,062	$	—	$	(178)	$	884

(a)Fair value includes a $75 million liability and a $12 million liability for agency mortgage-backed residential securities and an $11 million liability and $15 million asset for agency mortgage-backed commercial securities related to basis adjustments for securities in closed portfolios with active hedges under the portfolio layer method at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. These basis adjustments would be allocated to the amortized cost of specific securities within the pool if the hedge was dedesignated. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.

(b)Certain available-for-sale securities are included in fair value hedging relationships. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.

(c)Certain entities related to our Insurance operations are required to deposit securities with state regulatory authorities. These deposited securities totaled $13 million and $12 million at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

(d)Available-for-sale securities with a fair value of $5.0 billion and $3.9 billion were pledged as collateral at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. This primarily included $3.3 billion and $3.0 billion pledged to secure advances from the FHLB at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. This also included securities pledged for other purposes as required by contractual obligations or law, under which agreements we granted the counterparty the right to sell or pledge $1.7 billion and $899 million of the underlying available-for-sale securities at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

(e)Totals do not include accrued interest receivable, which was $87 million and $91 million at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Accrued interest receivable is included in other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

(f)There was no allowance for credit losses recorded at both June 30, 2023, or December 31, 2022, as management determined that there were no expected credit losses in our portfolio of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities.

(g)Totals do not include accrued interest receivable, which was $2 million at both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. Accrued interest receivable is included in other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

The maturity distribution of debt securities outstanding is summarized in the following tables based upon contractual maturities. Call or prepayment options may cause actual maturities to differ from contractual maturities.

	Total				Due in one year or less				Due after one year through five years				Due after five years through ten years				Due after ten years
($ in millions)	Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield
June 30, 2023
Fair value of available-for-sale securities (a)
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	$	2,029	1.6	%	$	14	2.3	%	$	920	1.3	%	$	1,095	1.8	%	$	—	—	%
U.S. States and political subdivisions	665		3.1		6		3.5		55		2.7		106		3.4		498		3.1
Foreign government	168		2.0		22		1.2		74		2.1		72		2.1		—		—
Agency mortgage-backed residential (b)	15,856		2.6		—		—		5		2.0		42		2.4		15,809		2.6
Mortgage-backed residential	4,143		2.8		—		—		—		—		12		2.9		4,131		2.8
Agency mortgage-backed commercial (b)	3,684		2.2		—		—		101		3.2		1,411		2.3		2,172		2.1
Asset-backed	383		1.8		—		—		371		1.7		11		5.1		1		2.7
Corporate debt	1,736		2.6		120		2.4		967		2.5		635		2.7		14		5.6
Total available-for-sale securities	$	28,664	2.5		$	162	2.3		$	2,493	1.9		$	3,384	2.3		$	22,625	2.6
Amortized cost of available-for-sale securities	$	33,809			$	166			$	2,695			$	3,916			$	27,032
Amortized cost of held-to-maturity securities
Agency mortgage-backed residential	$	1,030	2.8	%	$	—	—	%	$	—	—	%	$	—	—	%	$	1,030	2.8	%
Total held-to-maturity securities	$	1,030	2.8		$	—	—		$	—	—		$	—	—		$	1,030	2.8
December 31, 2022
Fair value of available-for-sale securities (a)
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	$	2,016	1.6	%	$	—	—	%	$	716	1.3	%	$	1,300	1.7	%	$	—	—	%
U.S. States and political subdivisions	760		3.2		26		2.7		60		2.7		112		3.3		562		3.2
Foreign government	146		1.8		13		0.8		74		1.8		59		1.9		—		—
Agency mortgage-backed residential (b)	16,633		2.6		—		—		—		—		27		2.0		16,606		2.6
Mortgage-backed residential	4,299		2.8		—		—		—		—		14		2.9		4,285		2.8
Agency mortgage-backed commercial (b)	3,535		2.2		—		—		66		3.1		1,234		2.1		2,235		2.1
Asset-backed	433		1.7		—		—		401		1.7		25		1.8		7		3.5
Corporate debt	1,719		2.4		86		2.4		912		2.3		705		2.6		16		4.9
Total available-for-sale securities	$	29,541	2.5		$	125	2.3		$	2,229	1.9		$	3,476	2.1		$	23,711	2.6
Amortized cost of available-for-sale securities	$	34,863			$	126			$	2,403			$	4,048			$	28,286
Amortized cost of held-to-maturity securities
Agency mortgage-backed residential	$	1,062	2.8	%	$	—	—	%	$	—	—	%	$	—	—	%	$	1,062	2.8	%
Total held-to-maturity securities	$	1,062	2.8		$	—	—		$	—	—		$	—	—		$	1,062	2.8

(a)Yield is calculated using the effective yield of each security at the end of the period, weighted based on the market value. The effective yield considers the contractual coupon and amortized cost, and excludes expected capital gains and losses.

(b)Fair value includes a $75 million liability and a $12 million liability for agency mortgage-backed residential securities and an $11 million liability and $15 million asset for agency mortgage-backed commercial securities related to basis adjustments for securities in closed portfolios with active hedges under the portfolio layer method at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. These basis adjustments would be allocated to the amortized cost of specific securities within the pool if the hedge was dedesignated. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.

The balances of cash equivalents were $45 million and $18 million at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, and were composed primarily of money-market funds and short-term securities.

The following table presents interest and dividends on investment securities.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Taxable interest	$	229	$	186	$	446	$	360
Taxable dividends	4		4		7		8
Interest and dividends exempt from U.S. federal income tax	5		5		11		10
Interest and dividends on investment securities	$	238	$	195	$	464	$	378

The following table presents gross gains and losses realized upon the sales of available-for-sale securities, and net gains or losses on equity securities held during the period.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Available-for-sale securities
Gross realized gains	$	—	$	3	$	5	$	21
Net realized gain on available-for-sale securities	—		3		5		21
Net realized gain on equity securities	1		10		6		62
Net unrealized gain (loss) on equity securities	25		(137)		89		(202)
Other gain (loss) on investments, net	$	26	$	(124)	$	100	$	(119)

The following table presents the credit quality of our held-to-maturity securities, based on the latest available information as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. The credit ratings are sourced from nationally recognized statistical rating organizations, which include S&P, Moody’s, and Fitch. The ratings presented are a composite of the ratings sourced from the agencies or, if the ratings cannot be sourced from the agencies, are based on the asset type of the particular security. All our held-to-maturity securities were current in their payment of principal and interest as of both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. We have not recorded any interest income reversals on our held-to-maturity securities during the six months ended June 30, 2023, or 2022.

	June 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
($ in millions)	AA		Total (a)		AA		Total (a)
Debt securities
Agency mortgage-backed residential	$	1,030	$	1,030	$	1,062	$	1,062
Total held-to-maturity securities	$	1,030	$	1,030	$	1,062	$	1,062

(a)Rating agencies indicate that they base their ratings on many quantitative and qualitative factors, which may include capital adequacy, liquidity, asset quality, business mix, level and quality of earnings, and the current operating, legislative, and regulatory environment. A credit rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold securities, and the ratings are subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating agency.

The following table summarizes available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position, which we evaluated to determine if a credit loss exists requiring the recognition of an allowance for credit losses. For additional information on our methodology, refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, we did not have the intent to sell the available-for-sale securities with an unrealized loss position and we do not believe it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell these securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis. We have not recorded any interest income reversals on our available-for-sale securities during the six months ended June 30, 2023, or 2022.

	June 30, 2023								December 31, 2022
	Less than 12 months				12 months or longer				Less than 12 months				12 months or longer
($ in millions)	Fair value		Unrealized loss		Fair value		Unrealized loss		Fair value		Unrealized loss		Fair value		Unrealized loss
Available-for-sale securities
Debt securities
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	$	9	$	(1)	$	2,019	$	(247)	$	529	$	(68)	$	1,487	$	(188)
U.S. States and political subdivisions	193		(3)		439		(78)		547		(55)		135		(27)
Foreign government	23		(1)		143		(11)		75		(4)		71		(8)
Agency mortgage-backed residential (a)	1,219		(64)		14,621		(2,888)		7,472		(892)		8,978		(2,146)
Mortgage-backed residential	259		(12)		3,867		(806)		1,985		(289)		2,287		(566)
Agency mortgage-backed commercial (a)	366		(19)		3,233		(796)		996		(124)		2,535		(721)
Asset-backed	49		(1)		328		(20)		162		(4)		272		(22)
Corporate debt	149		(5)		1,536		(194)		782		(67)		895		(146)
Total available-for-sale securities	$	2,267	$	(106)	$	26,186	$	(5,040)	$	12,548	$	(1,503)	$	16,660	$	(3,824)

(a)Includes basis adjustments for certain securities that are included in closed portfolios with active hedges under the portfolio layer method at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. The basis adjustments would be allocated to the amortized cost of specific securities within the pool if the hedge was dedesignated. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, management determined that there were no expected credit losses for securities in an unrealized loss position. This analysis considered a variety of factors including, but not limited to, performance indicators of the issuer, default rates, industry analyst reports, credit ratings, and other relevant information, which indicated that contractual cash flows are expected to occur. As a result of this evaluation, management determined that no credit reserves were required at June 30, 2023, or December 31, 2022

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Finance Receivables and Loans, Net

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Receivables [Abstract]

Finance Receivables and Loans, Net

Finance Receivables and Loans, Net

The composition of finance receivables and loans reported at amortized cost basis was as follows.

($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Consumer automotive (a)	$	84,294	$	83,286
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance (b)	18,894		19,445
Mortgage — Legacy (c)	255		290
Total consumer mortgage	19,149		19,735
Consumer other
Personal Lending (d)	2,170		1,990
Credit Card	1,757		1,599
Total consumer other	3,927		3,589
Total consumer	107,370		106,610
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Automotive	16,293		14,595
Other	9,124		9,154
Commercial real estate	5,662		5,389
Total commercial	31,079		29,138
Total finance receivables and loans (e) (f)	$	138,449	$	135,748

(a)Certain finance receivables and loans are included in fair value hedging relationships. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.

(b)Includes loans originated as interest-only mortgage loans of $2 million and $3 million at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, of which all have exited the interest-only period.

(c)Includes loans originated as interest-only mortgage loans of $15 million and $17 million at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, of which all have exited the interest-only period.

(d)Includes $3 million of finance receivables at December 31, 2022, for which we have elected the fair value option.

(e)Totals include net unearned income, unamortized premiums and discounts, and deferred fees and costs of $2.3 billion at both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

(f)Totals do not include accrued interest receivable, which was $763 million and $707 million at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Accrued interest receivable is included in other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Billed interest on our credit card loans is included within finance receivables and loans, net.

The following tables present an analysis of the activity in the allowance for loan losses on finance receivables and loans for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

Three months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Consumer automotive		Consumer mortgage		Consumer other (a)		Commercial		Total
Allowance at April 1, 2023	$	3,022	$	23	$	455	$	251	$	3,751
Charge-offs (b)	(496)		(2)		(70)		(61)		(629)
Recoveries	219		3		7		1		230
Net charge-offs	(277)		1		(63)		(60)		(399)
Provision for credit losses (c)	320		(2)		84		27		429
Other	(1)		1		—		—		—
Allowance at June 30, 2023	$	3,064	$	23	$	476	$	218	$	3,781

(a)Excludes $2 million of finance receivables and loans at April 1, 2023, for which we have elected the fair value option and incorporate no allowance for loan losses.

(b)Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our charge-off policies.

(c)Excludes $2 million of benefit for credit losses related to our reserve for unfunded commitments. The liability related to the reserve for unfunded commitments is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Six months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Consumer automotive		Consumer mortgage		Consumer other (a)		Commercial		Total
Allowance at January 1, 2023	$	3,020	$	27	$	426	$	238	$	3,711
Charge-offs (b)	(1,032)		(3)		(134)		(61)		(1,230)
Recoveries	404		5		12		1		422
Net charge-offs	(628)		2		(122)		(60)		(808)
Provision for credit losses (c)	673		(6)		172		39		878
Other	(1)		—		—		1		—
Allowance at June 30, 2023	$	3,064	$	23	$	476	$	218	$	3,781

(a)Excludes $3 million of finance receivables and loans at January 1, 2023, for which we have elected the fair value option and incorporate no allowance for loan losses.

(b)Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our charge-off policies.

(c)Excludes $5 million of benefit for credit losses related to our reserve for unfunded commitments. The liability related to the reserve for unfunded commitments is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Three months ended June 30, 2022 ($ in millions)	Consumer automotive		Consumer mortgage		Consumer other (a)		Commercial		Total
Allowance at April 1, 2022	$	2,763	$	26	$	258	$	254	$	3,301
Charge-offs (b)	(277)		(1)		(27)		(26)		(331)
Recoveries	169		5		3		1		178
Net charge-offs	(108)		4		(24)		(25)		(153)
Provision for credit losses (c)	230		(3)		70		5		302
Other	—		(1)		(1)		2		—
Allowance at June 30, 2022	$	2,885	$	26	$	303	$	236	$	3,450

(a)Excludes $7 million of finance receivables and loans at both April 1, 2022, and June 30, 2022, for which we have elected the fair value option and incorporate no allowance for loan losses.

(b)Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our charge-off policies.

(c)Excludes $2 million of provision for credit losses related to our reserve for unfunded commitments. The liability related to the reserve for unfunded commitments is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Six months ended June 30, 2022 ($ in millions)	Consumer automotive		Consumer mortgage		Consumer other (a)		Commercial		Total
Allowance at January 1, 2022	$	2,769	$	27	$	221	$	250	$	3,267
Charge-offs (b)	(553)		(2)		(51)		(26)		(632)
Recoveries	332		8		4		2		346
Net charge-offs	(221)		6		(47)		(24)		(286)
Provision for credit losses (c)	337		(6)		129		9		469
Other	—		(1)		—		1		—
Allowance at June 30, 2022	$	2,885	$	26	$	303	$	236	$	3,450

(a)Excludes $7 million of finance receivables and loans at both January 1, 2022, and June 30, 2022, for which we have elected the fair value option and incorporate no allowance for loan losses.

(b)Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our charge-off policies.

(c)Excludes $2 million of provision for credit losses related to our reserve for unfunded commitments. The liability related to the reserve for unfunded commitments is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

The following table presents sales of finance receivables and loans and transfers of finance receivables and loans from held-for-investment to held-for-sale based on net carrying value.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Consumer mortgage	$	—	$	2	$	1	$	2
Total sales and transfers	$	—	$	2	$	1	$	2

The following table presents purchases of finance receivables and loans based on unpaid principal balance at the time of purchase.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Consumer automotive	$	1,080	$	1,558	$	1,838	$	2,051
Consumer mortgage	5		808		7		1,633
Commercial	—		1		7		1
Total purchases of finance receivables and loans	$	1,085	$	2,367	$	1,852	$	3,685

Nonaccrual Loans

The following tables present the amortized cost of our finance receivables and loans on nonaccrual status. All consumer or commercial finance receivables and loans that were 90 days or more past due were on nonaccrual status as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. Refer to Note 1 for additional information on our accounting policy for finance receivables and loans on nonaccrual status.

					June 30, 2023
($ in millions)	Nonaccrual status at Jan. 1, 2023		Nonaccrual status at Apr. 1, 2023		Nonaccrual status		Nonaccrual with no allowance (a)
Consumer automotive	$	1,187	$	1,110	$	1,098	$	501
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	34		34		38		20
Mortgage — Legacy	15		15		14		13
Total consumer mortgage	49		49		52		33
Consumer other
Personal Lending	13		12		11		—
Credit Card	43		54		55		—
Total consumer other	56		66		66		—
Total consumer	1,292		1,225		1,216		534
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Automotive	5		—		24		7
Other	157		159		161		5
Commercial real estate	—		—		3		—
Total commercial	162		159		188		12
Total finance receivables and loans (b)	$	1,454	$	1,384	$	1,404	$	546

(a)Represents a component of nonaccrual status at end of period.

(b)We recorded interest income from cash payments associated with finance receivables and loans on nonaccrual status of $4 million and $7 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively.

					December 31, 2022
($ in millions)	Nonaccrual status at Jan. 1, 2022		Nonaccrual status at Apr. 1, 2022		Nonaccrual status		Nonaccrual with no allowance (a)
Consumer automotive	$	1,078	$	1,072	$	1,187	$	445
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	59		51		34		25
Mortgage — Legacy	26		24		15		14
Total consumer mortgage	85		75		49		39
Consumer other
Personal Lending	5		6		13		—
Credit Card	11		14		43		—
Total consumer other	16		20		56		—
Total consumer	1,179		1,167		1,292		484
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Automotive	33		3		5		2
Other	221		217		157		33
Commercial real estate	3		1		—		—
Total commercial	257		221		162		35
Total finance receivables and loans (b)	$	1,436	$	1,388	$	1,454	$	519

(a)Represents a component of nonaccrual status at end of period.

(b)We recorded interest income from cash payments associated with finance receivables and loans on nonaccrual status of $3 million and $6 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.

Credit Quality Indicators

We evaluate the credit quality of our consumer loan portfolio based on the aging status of the loan and by payment activity. Loan delinquency reporting is generally based upon borrower payment activity, relative to the contractual terms of the loan.

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of our consumer finance receivables and loans by credit quality indicator based on delinquency status and origination year.

	Origination year														Revolving loans converted to term
June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018 and prior		Revolving loans				Total
Consumer automotive
Current	$	16,474	$	30,508	$	17,946	$	8,098	$	4,757	$	3,199	$	—	$	—	$	80,982
30–59 days past due	133		905		755		294		210		175		—		—		2,472
60–89 days past due	36		323		298		113		73		57		—		—		900
90 or more days past due	10		117		102		41		31		33		—		—		334
Total consumer automotive (a)	16,653		31,853		19,101		8,546		5,071		3,464		—		—		84,688
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance
Current	62		2,233		10,641		1,885		769		3,223		—		—		18,813
30–59 days past due	—		7		8		5		5		18		—		—		43
60–89 days past due	—		1		4		—		—		8		—		—		13
90 or more days past due	—		1		4		—		3		17		—		—		25
Total Mortgage Finance	62		2,242		10,657		1,890		777		3,266		—		—		18,894
Mortgage — Legacy
Current	—		—		—		—		—		58		164		17		239
30–59 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		2		2		1		5
60–89 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		1		—		—		1
90 or more days past due	—		—		—		—		—		7		1		2		10
Total Mortgage — Legacy	—		—		—		—		—		68		167		20		255
Total consumer mortgage	62		2,242		10,657		1,890		777		3,334		167		20		19,149
Consumer other
Personal Lending
Current	716		1,093		277		32		3		—		—		—		2,121
30–59 days past due	4		13		4		1		—		—		—		—		22
60–89 days past due	2		10		4		—		—		—		—		—		16
90 or more days past due	1		7		3		—		—		—		—		—		11
Total Personal Lending	723		1,123		288		33		3		—		—		—		2,170
Credit Card
Current	—		—		—		—		—		—		1,654		—		1,654
30–59 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		27		—		27
60–89 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		24		—		24
90 or more days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		52		—		52
Total Credit Card	—		—		—		—		—		—		1,757		—		1,757
Total consumer other	723		1,123		288		33		3		—		1,757		—		3,927
Total consumer	$	17,438	$	35,218	$	30,046	$	10,469	$	5,851	$	6,798	$	1,924	$	20	$	107,764

(a)Certain consumer automotive loans are included in fair value hedging relationships. The amortized cost excludes a liability of $394 million related to basis adjustments for loans in closed portfolios with active hedges under the portfolio layer method at June 30, 2023. These basis adjustments would be allocated to the amortized cost of specific loans within the pool if the hedge was dedesignated. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.

	Origination year														Revolving loans converted to term
December 31, 2022 ($ in millions)	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017 and prior		Revolving loans				Total
Consumer automotive
Current	$	36,127	$	22,102	$	10,341	$	6,451	$	3,237	$	1,890	$	—	$	—	$	80,148
30–59 days past due	707		878		370		284		165		120		—		—		2,524
60–89 days past due	207		324		135		99		55		38		—		—		858
90 or more days past due	73		111		47		38		23		24		—		—		316
Total consumer automotive (a)	37,114		23,415		10,893		6,872		3,480		2,072		—		—		83,846
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance
Current	2,292		10,893		1,946		815		577		2,805		—		—		19,328
30–59 days past due	15		29		4		3		4		26		—		—		81
60–89 days past due	2		4		—		1		1		3		—		—		11
90 or more days past due	—		1		—		2		8		14		—		—		25
Total Mortgage Finance	2,309		10,927		1,950		821		590		2,848		—		—		19,445
Mortgage — Legacy
Current	—		—		—		—		—		62		191		18		271
30–59 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		4		1		—		5
60–89 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		1		1
90 or more days past due	—		—		—		—		—		8		3		2		13
Total Mortgage — Legacy	—		—		—		—		—		74		195		21		290
Total consumer mortgage	2,309		10,927		1,950		821		590		2,922		195		21		19,735
Consumer other
Personal Lending
Current	1,492		392		48		5		1		—		—		—		1,938
30–59 days past due	14		6		1		—		—		—		—		—		21
60–89 days past due	9		5		1		—		—		—		—		—		15
90 or more days past due	8		5		—		—		—		—		—		—		13
Total Personal Lending (b)	1,523		408		50		5		1		—		—		—		1,987
Credit Card
Current	—		—		—		—		—		—		1,518		—		1,518
30–59 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		22		—		22
60–89 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		18		—		18
90 or more days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		41		—		41
Total Credit Card	—		—		—		—		—		—		1,599		—		1,599
Total consumer other	1,523		408		50		5		1		—		1,599		—		3,586
Total consumer	$	40,946	$	34,750	$	12,893	$	7,698	$	4,071	$	4,994	$	1,794	$	21	$	107,167

(a)Certain consumer automotive loans are included in fair value hedging relationships. The amortized cost excludes a liability of $560 million related to basis adjustments for loans in closed portfolios with active hedges under the portfolio layer method at December 31, 2022. These basis adjustments would be allocated to the amortized cost of specific loans within the pool if the hedge was dedesignated. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.

(b)Excludes $3 million of finance receivables at December 31, 2022, for which we have elected the fair value option.

We evaluate the credit quality of our commercial loan portfolio using regulatory risk ratings, which are based on relevant information about the borrower’s financial condition, including current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, and current economic trends, among other factors. We use the following definitions for risk rankings below Pass.

•Special mention — Loans that have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or the institution’s credit position at some future date.

•Substandard — Loans that are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. These loans have a well-defined weakness or weakness that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

•Doubtful — Loans that have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the additional characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, based on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

•Loss — Loans that are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset even though partial recovery may be effected in the future.

The regulatory risk classification utilized is influenced by internal credit risk ratings, which are based on a variety of factors. A borrower’s internal credit risk rating is updated at least annually, and more frequently when a borrower’s credit profile changes, including when we become aware of potential credit deterioration. The following tables present the amortized cost basis of our commercial finance receivables and loans by credit quality indicator based on risk rating and origination year.

	Origination year														Revolving loans converted to term
June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018 and prior		Revolving loans				Total
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Automotive
Pass	$	271	$	560	$	189	$	112	$	68	$	44	$	13,877	$	—	$	15,121
Special mention	2		19		45		—		—		24		1,016		—		1,106
Substandard	—		1		—		—		—		—		49		—		50
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		16		—		16
Total automotive	273		580		234		112		68		68		14,958		—		16,293
Other
Pass	185		553		377		306		360		206		5,611		147		7,745
Special mention	—		233		175		195		51		154		281		24		1,113
Substandard	—		—		23		3		27		120		42		15		230
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		26		3		—		29
Loss (a)	—		—		—		—		7		—		—		—		7
Total other	185		786		575		504		445		506		5,937		186		9,124
Commercial real estate
Pass	385		1,529		1,161		929		662		895		9		31		5,601
Special mention	—		7		31		2		18		—		—		—		58
Substandard	—		2		—		—		—		1		—		—		3
Total commercial real estate	385		1,538		1,192		931		680		896		9		31		5,662
Total commercial	$	843	$	2,904	$	2,001	$	1,547	$	1,193	$	1,470	$	20,904	$	217	$	31,079

(a)During the three months ended June 30, 2023, we incurred a $56 million charge-off of one exposure within our commercial and industrial loan portfolio class. The $7 million risk-rated as a loss relates to the remaining amortized cost of this exposure which we expect to collect in full.

	Origination year														Revolving loans converted to term
December 31, 2022 ($ in millions)	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017 and prior		Revolving loans				Total
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Automotive
Pass	$	640	$	211	$	132	$	78	$	28	$	34	$	12,327	$	—	$	13,450
Special mention	23		47		—		—		10		21		1,016		—		1,117
Substandard	—		—		—		1		—		—		27		—		28
Total automotive	663		258		132		79		38		55		13,370		—		14,595
Other
Pass	594		469		607		419		54		133		5,344		89		7,709
Special mention	177		158		175		95		47		128		278		35		1,093
Substandard	—		—		4		51		—		139		55		13		262
Doubtful	—		—		—		64		—		25		—		—		89
Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		1		—		1
Total other	771		627		786		629		101		425		5,678		137		9,154
Commercial real estate
Pass	1,481		1,118		951		679		369		716		9		13		5,336
Special mention	—		32		2		19		—		—		—		—		53
Total commercial real estate	1,481		1,150		953		698		369		716		9		13		5,389
Total commercial	$	2,915	$	2,035	$	1,871	$	1,406	$	508	$	1,196	$	19,057	$	150	$	29,138

The following table presents an analysis of our past-due commercial finance receivables and loans recorded at amortized cost basis.

($ in millions)	30–59 days past due		60–89 days past due		90 days or more past due		Total past due		Current		Total finance receivables and loans
June 30, 2023
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Automotive	$	12	$	—	$	—	$	12	$	16,281	$	16,293
Other	1		—		7		8		9,116		9,124
Commercial real estate	—		—		—		—		5,662		5,662
Total commercial	$	13	$	—	$	7	$	20	$	31,059	$	31,079
December 31, 2022
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Automotive	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	14,595	$	14,595
Other	—		1		2		3		9,151		9,154
Commercial real estate	—		—		—		—		5,389		5,389
Total commercial	$	—	$	1	$	2	$	3	$	29,135	$	29,138

The following table presents gross charge-offs of our finance receivables and loans for each portfolio class by origination year that occurred during the six months ended June 30, 2023. Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information on our charge-off policy.

	Origination year														Revolving loans converted to term
Six months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018 and prior		Revolving loans				Total
Consumer automotive	$	21	$	437	$	329	$	102	$	76	$	67	$	—	$	—	$	1,032
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	—		—		—		—		—		1		—		—		1
Mortgage — Legacy	—		—		—		—		—		2		—		—		2
Total consumer mortgage	—		—		—		—		—		3		—		—		3
Consumer other
Personal Lending	1		40		17		2		—		—		—		—		60
Credit Card	—		—		—		—		—		—		70		4		74
Total consumer other	1		40		17		2		—		—		70		4		134
Total consumer	22		477		346		104		76		70		70		4		1,169
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Automotive	—		—		—		—		—		—		4		—		4
Other	—		—		—		—		57		—		—		—		57
Total commercial	—		—		—		—		57		—		4		—		61
Total finance receivables and loans	$	22	$	477	$	346	$	104	$	133	$	70	$	74	$	4	$	1,230

Loan Modifications

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans that were modified subsequent to origination during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, for each portfolio segment, by modification type. For additional information on loan modification types in scope of this disclosure, refer to Note 1. The below tables exclude consumer mortgage finance receivables and loans currently enrolled in a trial modification program. Trial modifications generally represent a three-month period during which the borrower makes monthly payments under the anticipated modified payment terms. If the borrower successfully completes the trial loan modification program, the contractual terms of the loan are updated and the modification is considered permanent. As of June 30, 2023, there were $4 million of consumer mortgage finance receivables and loans in a trial modification program.

	Payment extensions
Three months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Payment deferrals		Contractual maturity extensions		Principal forgiveness		Interest rate concessions		Combination		Total
Consumer automotive	$	—	$	25	$	12	$	—	$	—	$	37
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	—		—		—		—		1		1
Total consumer mortgage	—		—		—		—		1		1
Consumer other
Credit Card	—		—		—		3		—		3
Total consumer other	—		—		—		3		—		3
Total consumer	—		25		12		3		1		41
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Other	36		36		—		—		—		72
Total commercial	36		36		—		—		—		72
Total finance receivables and loans	$	36	$	61	$	12	$	3	$	1	$	113

	Payment extensions
Six months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Payment deferrals		Contractual maturity extensions		Principal forgiveness		Interest rate concessions		Combination		Total (a)
Consumer automotive	$	—	$	40	$	14	$	—	$	33	$	87
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	—		2		—		—		2		4
Mortgage — Legacy	—		1		—		—		—		1
Total consumer mortgage	—		3		—		—		2		5
Consumer other
Credit Card	—		—		—		6		—		6
Total consumer other	—		—		—		6		—		6
Total consumer	—		43		14		6		35		98
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Other	64		43		—		—		—		107
Total commercial	64		43		—		—		—		107
Total finance receivables and loans	$	64	$	86	$	14	$	6	$	35	$	205

(a)Represents 0.1% of total finance receivables and loans outstanding as of June 30, 2023.

The following tables present the financial effect of loan modifications that occurred during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023.

	Payment extensions (a)	Principal forgiveness		Interest rate concessions (a)				Combination (a) (b) (c)
Three months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Number of months extended/deferred	Amount forgiven		Initial rate		Revised rate		Remaining term	Revised remaining term	Initial rate		Revised rate
Consumer automotive	26	$	2	—	%	—	%	—	—	—	%	—	%
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	—	—		—		—		294	480	4.0		2.0
Total consumer mortgage	—	—		—		—		294	480	4.0		2.0
Consumer other
Credit Card	—	—		30.3		10.9		—	—	—		—
Total consumer other	—	—		30.3		10.9		—	—	—		—
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Other	6	—		—		—		—	—	—		—
Total commercial	6	$	—	—		—		—	—	—		—

(a)Calculated using a weighted-average balance for each portfolio class.

(b)Term is presented in number of months.

(c)Some Mortgage Finance combination loan modifications include deferrals of principal. The weighted average number of months deferred for these loans was 186 months.

	Payment extensions (a)	Principal forgiveness		Interest rate concessions (a)				Combination (a) (b) (c)
Six months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Number of months extended/deferred	Amount forgiven		Initial rate		Revised rate		Remaining term	Revised remaining term	Initial rate		Revised rate
Consumer automotive	25	$	2	—	%	—	%	75	85	10.4	%	9.8	%
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	174	—		—		—		309	470	4.6		3.4
Mortgage — Legacy	96	—		—		—		—	—	—		—
Total consumer mortgage	146	—		—		—		309	470	4.6		3.4
Consumer other
Credit Card	—	—		30.0		9.0		—	—	—		—
Total consumer other	—	—		30.0		9.0		—	—	—		—
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Other	12	—		—		—		—	—	—		—
Total commercial	12	$	—	—		—		—	—	—		—

(a)Calculated using a weighted-average balance for each portfolio class.

(b)Term is presented in number of months.

(c)Some Mortgage Finance combination loan modifications include deferrals of principal. The weighted average number of months deferred for these loans was 186 months.

The following tables present the subsequent performance of loans recorded at amortized cost, by portfolio segment and credit quality indicator, that have been modified during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023.

Three months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Current		30–59 days past due		60–89 days past due		90 or more days past due		Total
Consumer automotive
Contractual maturity extensions	$	24	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	25
Principal forgiveness	10		1		—		1		12
Total consumer automotive (a)	34		2		—		1		37
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance
Combination	1		—		—		—		1
Total Mortgage Finance	1		—		—		—		1
Total consumer mortgage	1		—		—		—		1
Consumer other
Credit Card
Interest rate concessions	1		1		—		1		3
Total consumer other	1		1		—		1		3
Total consumer	$	36	$	3	$	—	$	2	$	41

(a)During the three months ended June 30, 2023, 29 consumer automotive loans with a total amortized cost of $1 million have redefaulted.

Three months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Pass		Special mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
Commercial and industrial
Other
Payment deferrals	$	—	$	—	$	36	$	—	$	36
Contractual maturity extensions	31		—		5		—		36
Total commercial	$	31	$	—	$	41	$	—	$	72

Six months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Current		30–59 days past due		60–89 days past due		90 or more days past due		Total
Consumer automotive
Contractual maturity extensions	$	38	$	2	$	—	$	—	$	40
Principal forgiveness	10		1		—		3		14
Combination	31		2		—		—		33
Total consumer automotive (a)	79		5		—		3		87
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance
Contractual maturity extensions	2		—		—		—		2
Combination	—		—		2		—		2
Total Mortgage Finance	2		—		2		—		4
Mortgage — Legacy
Contractual maturity extensions	1		—		—		—		1
Total Mortgage — Legacy	1		—		—		—		1
Total consumer mortgage	3		—		2		—		5
Consumer other
Credit Card
Interest rate concessions	3		1		1		1		6
Total consumer other	3		1		1		1		6
Total consumer	$	85	$	6	$	3	$	4	$	98

(a)During the six months ended June 30, 2023, 41 consumer automotive loans with a total amortized cost of $1 million have redefaulted.

Six months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Pass		Special mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
Commercial and industrial
Other
Payment deferrals	$	—	$	—	$	36	$	28	$	64
Contractual maturity extensions	31		7		5		—		43
Total commercial	$	31	$	7	$	41	$	28	$	107

Troubled Debt Restructuring Disclosures Prior to the Adoption of ASU 2022-02

The adoption of ASU 2022-02 eliminated TDR recognition and measurement guidance, as well as all TDR-related disclosures. Refer to Note 1 for additional information. TDRs were loan modifications where concessions were granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. Total TDRs recorded at amortized cost were $2.4 billion at December 31, 2022.

The following tables present information related to finance receivables and loans recorded at amortized cost modified in connection with a TDR during the period.

Three months ended June 30, 2022 ($ in millions)	Number of loans	Pre-modification amortized cost basis		Post-modification amortized cost basis
Consumer automotive	12,928	$	213	$	206
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	3	2		2
Mortgage — Legacy	3	—		—
Total consumer mortgage	6	2		2
Consumer other
Credit Card	743	1		1
Total consumer other	743	1		1
Total consumer	13,677	216		209
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Other	3	377		377
Total commercial	3	377		377
Total finance receivables and loans	13,680	$	593	$	586

Six months ended June 30, 2022 ($ in millions)	Number of loans	Pre-modification amortized cost basis		Post-modification amortized cost basis
Consumer automotive	26,379	$	444	$	433
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	9	7		7
Mortgage — Legacy	7	1		1
Total consumer mortgage	16	8		8
Consumer other
Credit Card	1,094	2		2
Total consumer other	1,094	2		2
Total consumer	27,489	454		443
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Other	4	411		411
Total commercial	4	411		411
Total finance receivables and loans	27,493	$	865	$	854

The following tables present information about finance receivables and loans recorded at amortized cost that have redefaulted during the reporting period and were within 12 months or less of being modified as a TDR. Redefault is when finance receivables and loans meet the requirements for evaluation under our charge-off policy except for commercial finance receivables and loans, where redefault is defined as 90 days past due.

Three months ended June 30, 2022 ($ in millions)	Number of loans	Amortized cost		Charge-off amount
Consumer automotive	2,138	$	35	$	14
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	1	—		—
Total consumer mortgage	1	—		—
Consumer other
Credit Card	79	—		—
Total consumer other	79	—		—
Total finance receivables and loans	2,218	$	35	$	14

Six months ended June 30, 2022 ($ in millions)	Number of loans	Amortized cost		Charge-off amount
Consumer automotive	4,249	$	66	$	27
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	3	2		—
Total consumer mortgage	3	2		—
Consumer Other
Credit Card	79	—		—
Total consumer other	79	—		—
Total finance receivables and loans	4,331	$	68	$	27

XML

Leasing

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Leasing

Leasing

Ally as the Lessee

We have operating leases for certain of our corporate facilities, which have remaining lease terms of 2 months to 8 years. Most of the property leases have fixed payment terms with annual fixed-escalation clauses and include options to extend or terminate the lease. We do not include these term extensions or termination provisions in our estimates of the lease term if we do not consider it reasonably certain that the options will be exercised.

We also have operating leases for a fleet of vehicles that is used by our sales force for business purposes, with noncancelable lease terms of 367 days. Thereafter, the leases are month-to-month, up to a maximum of 48 months from inception.

During the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, we paid $8 million and $16 million, respectively, in cash for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities at June 30, 2023, compared to $9 million and $19 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022, in cash for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities at June 30, 2022. These amounts are included in net cash provided by operating activities in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, we obtained $1 million and $21 million, respectively, of ROU assets in exchange for new lease liabilities. As of June 30, 2023, the weighted-average remaining lease term of our operating lease portfolio was 5 years, and the weighted-average discount rate was 2.61%, compared to 5 years and 2.57% as of December 31, 2022.

The following table presents future minimum rental payments we are required to make under operating leases that have commenced as of June 30, 2023, and that have noncancelable lease terms expiring after June 30, 2023.

($ in millions)
2023	$	17
2024	32
2025	26
2026	21
2027	16
2028 and thereafter	18
Total undiscounted cash flows	130
Difference between undiscounted cash flows and discounted cash flows	(8)
Total lease liability	$	122

The following table details the components of total net operating lease expense.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease expense	$	7	$	9	$	14	$	17
Variable lease expense	1		1		2		2
Total lease expense, net (a)	$	8	$	10	$	16	$	19

(a)Included in other operating expenses in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

Ally as the Lessor

Investment in Operating Leases

We purchase consumer operating lease contracts and the associated vehicles from dealerships after those contracts are executed by the dealers and the consumers. The amount we pay a dealer for an operating lease contract is based on the negotiated price for the vehicle less vehicle trade-in, down payment from the consumer, and available automotive manufacturer incentives. Under the operating lease, the consumer is obligated to make payments in amounts equal to the amount by which the negotiated purchase price of the vehicle (less any trade-in value, down payment, or available manufacturer incentives) exceeds the contract residual value (including residual support) of the vehicle at lease termination, plus operating lease rental charges. The customer can terminate the lease at any point after commencement, subject to additional charges and fees. Both the consumer and the dealership have the option to purchase the vehicle at the end of the lease term, which generally range from 24 to 60 months, at the residual value of the vehicle, however it is not reasonably certain this option will be exercised and accordingly our consumer leases are classified as operating leases. In addition to the charges described above, the consumer is generally responsible for certain charges related to excess mileage or excessive wear and tear on the vehicle. These charges are deemed variable lease payments and, as these payments are not based on a rate or index, they are recognized as net depreciation expense on operating lease assets in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income as incurred.

When we acquire a consumer operating lease, we assume ownership of the vehicle from the dealer. We require that property damage, bodily injury, collision, and comprehensive insurance be obtained by the lessee on all consumer operating leases. Neither the consumer nor the dealer is responsible for the value of the vehicle at the time of lease termination. When vehicles are not purchased by customers or the receiving dealer at scheduled lease termination, the vehicle is returned to us for remarketing. We generally bear the risk of loss to the extent the value of a leased vehicle upon remarketing is below the expected residual value. At termination, our actual sales proceeds from remarketing the vehicle may be higher or lower than the estimated residual value resulting in a gain or loss on remarketing, which is included in net depreciation expense on operating lease assets in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. Excessive mileage or excessive wear and tear on the vehicle during the lease may impact the sales proceeds received upon remarketing. As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, consumer operating leases with a carrying value, net of accumulated depreciation, of $30 million and $56 million, respectively, were covered by a residual value guarantee of 15% of the manufacturer’s suggested retail price.

The following table details our investment in operating leases.

($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Vehicles	$	11,854	$	12,304
Accumulated depreciation	(1,924)		(1,860)
Investment in operating leases, net	$	9,930	$	10,444

The following table presents future minimum rental payments we have the right to receive under operating leases with noncancelable lease terms expiring after June 30, 2023.

($ in millions)
2023	$	802
2024	1,157
2025	639
2026	227
2027	31
2028 and thereafter	1
Total lease payments from operating leases	$	2,857

We recognized operating lease revenue of $392 million and $794 million for the three months and six months ended, June 30, 2023, respectively, and $396 million and $799 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. Depreciation expense on operating lease assets includes net remarketing gains recognized on the sale of operating lease assets. The following table summarizes the components of depreciation expense on operating lease assets.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Depreciation expense on operating lease assets (excluding remarketing gains) (a)	$	270	$	269	$	543	$	536
Remarketing gains, net	(70)		(50)		(117)		(100)
Net depreciation expense on operating lease assets	$	200	$	219	$	426	$	436

(a)Includes variable lease payments related to excess mileage and excessive wear and tear on vehicles of $2 million during both the three months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, and $4 million during both the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022.

Finance Leases

In our Automotive Finance operations, we also hold automotive leases that require finance lease treatment as prescribed by ASC Topic 842, Leases. Our total gross investment in finance leases, which is included in finance receivables and loans, net, on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet was $536 million and $481 million as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. This includes lease payment receivables of $524 million and $468 million at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, and unguaranteed residual assets of $12 million at June 30, 2023, and $13 million at December 31, 2022. Interest income on finance lease receivables was $9 million and $18 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and $7 million and $14 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022, and is included in interest and fees on finance receivables and loans in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

The following table presents future minimum rental payments we have the right to receive under finance leases with noncancelable lease terms expiring after June 30, 2023.

($ in millions)
2023	$	95
2024	166
2025	144
2026	106
2027	51
2028 and thereafter	24
Total undiscounted cash flows	586
Difference between undiscounted cash flows and discounted cash flows	(62)
Present value of lease payments recorded as lease receivable	$	524

Leasing

Leasing

Ally as the Lessee

We have operating leases for certain of our corporate facilities, which have remaining lease terms of 2 months to 8 years. Most of the property leases have fixed payment terms with annual fixed-escalation clauses and include options to extend or terminate the lease. We do not include these term extensions or termination provisions in our estimates of the lease term if we do not consider it reasonably certain that the options will be exercised.

We also have operating leases for a fleet of vehicles that is used by our sales force for business purposes, with noncancelable lease terms of 367 days. Thereafter, the leases are month-to-month, up to a maximum of 48 months from inception.

During the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, we paid $8 million and $16 million, respectively, in cash for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities at June 30, 2023, compared to $9 million and $19 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022, in cash for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities at June 30, 2022. These amounts are included in net cash provided by operating activities in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, we obtained $1 million and $21 million, respectively, of ROU assets in exchange for new lease liabilities. As of June 30, 2023, the weighted-average remaining lease term of our operating lease portfolio was 5 years, and the weighted-average discount rate was 2.61%, compared to 5 years and 2.57% as of December 31, 2022.

The following table presents future minimum rental payments we are required to make under operating leases that have commenced as of June 30, 2023, and that have noncancelable lease terms expiring after June 30, 2023.

($ in millions)
2023	$	17
2024	32
2025	26
2026	21
2027	16
2028 and thereafter	18
Total undiscounted cash flows	130
Difference between undiscounted cash flows and discounted cash flows	(8)
Total lease liability	$	122

The following table details the components of total net operating lease expense.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease expense	$	7	$	9	$	14	$	17
Variable lease expense	1		1		2		2
Total lease expense, net (a)	$	8	$	10	$	16	$	19

(a)Included in other operating expenses in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

Ally as the Lessor

Investment in Operating Leases

We purchase consumer operating lease contracts and the associated vehicles from dealerships after those contracts are executed by the dealers and the consumers. The amount we pay a dealer for an operating lease contract is based on the negotiated price for the vehicle less vehicle trade-in, down payment from the consumer, and available automotive manufacturer incentives. Under the operating lease, the consumer is obligated to make payments in amounts equal to the amount by which the negotiated purchase price of the vehicle (less any trade-in value, down payment, or available manufacturer incentives) exceeds the contract residual value (including residual support) of the vehicle at lease termination, plus operating lease rental charges. The customer can terminate the lease at any point after commencement, subject to additional charges and fees. Both the consumer and the dealership have the option to purchase the vehicle at the end of the lease term, which generally range from 24 to 60 months, at the residual value of the vehicle, however it is not reasonably certain this option will be exercised and accordingly our consumer leases are classified as operating leases. In addition to the charges described above, the consumer is generally responsible for certain charges related to excess mileage or excessive wear and tear on the vehicle. These charges are deemed variable lease payments and, as these payments are not based on a rate or index, they are recognized as net depreciation expense on operating lease assets in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income as incurred.

When we acquire a consumer operating lease, we assume ownership of the vehicle from the dealer. We require that property damage, bodily injury, collision, and comprehensive insurance be obtained by the lessee on all consumer operating leases. Neither the consumer nor the dealer is responsible for the value of the vehicle at the time of lease termination. When vehicles are not purchased by customers or the receiving dealer at scheduled lease termination, the vehicle is returned to us for remarketing. We generally bear the risk of loss to the extent the value of a leased vehicle upon remarketing is below the expected residual value. At termination, our actual sales proceeds from remarketing the vehicle may be higher or lower than the estimated residual value resulting in a gain or loss on remarketing, which is included in net depreciation expense on operating lease assets in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. Excessive mileage or excessive wear and tear on the vehicle during the lease may impact the sales proceeds received upon remarketing. As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, consumer operating leases with a carrying value, net of accumulated depreciation, of $30 million and $56 million, respectively, were covered by a residual value guarantee of 15% of the manufacturer’s suggested retail price.

The following table details our investment in operating leases.

($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Vehicles	$	11,854	$	12,304
Accumulated depreciation	(1,924)		(1,860)
Investment in operating leases, net	$	9,930	$	10,444

The following table presents future minimum rental payments we have the right to receive under operating leases with noncancelable lease terms expiring after June 30, 2023.

($ in millions)
2023	$	802
2024	1,157
2025	639
2026	227
2027	31
2028 and thereafter	1
Total lease payments from operating leases	$	2,857

We recognized operating lease revenue of $392 million and $794 million for the three months and six months ended, June 30, 2023, respectively, and $396 million and $799 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. Depreciation expense on operating lease assets includes net remarketing gains recognized on the sale of operating lease assets. The following table summarizes the components of depreciation expense on operating lease assets.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Depreciation expense on operating lease assets (excluding remarketing gains) (a)	$	270	$	269	$	543	$	536
Remarketing gains, net	(70)		(50)		(117)		(100)
Net depreciation expense on operating lease assets	$	200	$	219	$	426	$	436

(a)Includes variable lease payments related to excess mileage and excessive wear and tear on vehicles of $2 million during both the three months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, and $4 million during both the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022.

Finance Leases

In our Automotive Finance operations, we also hold automotive leases that require finance lease treatment as prescribed by ASC Topic 842, Leases. Our total gross investment in finance leases, which is included in finance receivables and loans, net, on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet was $536 million and $481 million as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. This includes lease payment receivables of $524 million and $468 million at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, and unguaranteed residual assets of $12 million at June 30, 2023, and $13 million at December 31, 2022. Interest income on finance lease receivables was $9 million and $18 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and $7 million and $14 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022, and is included in interest and fees on finance receivables and loans in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

The following table presents future minimum rental payments we have the right to receive under finance leases with noncancelable lease terms expiring after June 30, 2023.

($ in millions)
2023	$	95
2024	166
2025	144
2026	106
2027	51
2028 and thereafter	24
Total undiscounted cash flows	586
Difference between undiscounted cash flows and discounted cash flows	(62)
Present value of lease payments recorded as lease receivable	$	524

Leasing

Leasing

Ally as the Lessee

We have operating leases for certain of our corporate facilities, which have remaining lease terms of 2 months to 8 years. Most of the property leases have fixed payment terms with annual fixed-escalation clauses and include options to extend or terminate the lease. We do not include these term extensions or termination provisions in our estimates of the lease term if we do not consider it reasonably certain that the options will be exercised.

We also have operating leases for a fleet of vehicles that is used by our sales force for business purposes, with noncancelable lease terms of 367 days. Thereafter, the leases are month-to-month, up to a maximum of 48 months from inception.

During the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, we paid $8 million and $16 million, respectively, in cash for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities at June 30, 2023, compared to $9 million and $19 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022, in cash for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities at June 30, 2022. These amounts are included in net cash provided by operating activities in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, we obtained $1 million and $21 million, respectively, of ROU assets in exchange for new lease liabilities. As of June 30, 2023, the weighted-average remaining lease term of our operating lease portfolio was 5 years, and the weighted-average discount rate was 2.61%, compared to 5 years and 2.57% as of December 31, 2022.

The following table presents future minimum rental payments we are required to make under operating leases that have commenced as of June 30, 2023, and that have noncancelable lease terms expiring after June 30, 2023.

($ in millions)
2023	$	17
2024	32
2025	26
2026	21
2027	16
2028 and thereafter	18
Total undiscounted cash flows	130
Difference between undiscounted cash flows and discounted cash flows	(8)
Total lease liability	$	122

The following table details the components of total net operating lease expense.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease expense	$	7	$	9	$	14	$	17
Variable lease expense	1		1		2		2
Total lease expense, net (a)	$	8	$	10	$	16	$	19

(a)Included in other operating expenses in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

Ally as the Lessor

Investment in Operating Leases

We purchase consumer operating lease contracts and the associated vehicles from dealerships after those contracts are executed by the dealers and the consumers. The amount we pay a dealer for an operating lease contract is based on the negotiated price for the vehicle less vehicle trade-in, down payment from the consumer, and available automotive manufacturer incentives. Under the operating lease, the consumer is obligated to make payments in amounts equal to the amount by which the negotiated purchase price of the vehicle (less any trade-in value, down payment, or available manufacturer incentives) exceeds the contract residual value (including residual support) of the vehicle at lease termination, plus operating lease rental charges. The customer can terminate the lease at any point after commencement, subject to additional charges and fees. Both the consumer and the dealership have the option to purchase the vehicle at the end of the lease term, which generally range from 24 to 60 months, at the residual value of the vehicle, however it is not reasonably certain this option will be exercised and accordingly our consumer leases are classified as operating leases. In addition to the charges described above, the consumer is generally responsible for certain charges related to excess mileage or excessive wear and tear on the vehicle. These charges are deemed variable lease payments and, as these payments are not based on a rate or index, they are recognized as net depreciation expense on operating lease assets in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income as incurred.

When we acquire a consumer operating lease, we assume ownership of the vehicle from the dealer. We require that property damage, bodily injury, collision, and comprehensive insurance be obtained by the lessee on all consumer operating leases. Neither the consumer nor the dealer is responsible for the value of the vehicle at the time of lease termination. When vehicles are not purchased by customers or the receiving dealer at scheduled lease termination, the vehicle is returned to us for remarketing. We generally bear the risk of loss to the extent the value of a leased vehicle upon remarketing is below the expected residual value. At termination, our actual sales proceeds from remarketing the vehicle may be higher or lower than the estimated residual value resulting in a gain or loss on remarketing, which is included in net depreciation expense on operating lease assets in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. Excessive mileage or excessive wear and tear on the vehicle during the lease may impact the sales proceeds received upon remarketing. As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, consumer operating leases with a carrying value, net of accumulated depreciation, of $30 million and $56 million, respectively, were covered by a residual value guarantee of 15% of the manufacturer’s suggested retail price.

The following table details our investment in operating leases.

($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Vehicles	$	11,854	$	12,304
Accumulated depreciation	(1,924)		(1,860)
Investment in operating leases, net	$	9,930	$	10,444

The following table presents future minimum rental payments we have the right to receive under operating leases with noncancelable lease terms expiring after June 30, 2023.

($ in millions)
2023	$	802
2024	1,157
2025	639
2026	227
2027	31
2028 and thereafter	1
Total lease payments from operating leases	$	2,857

We recognized operating lease revenue of $392 million and $794 million for the three months and six months ended, June 30, 2023, respectively, and $396 million and $799 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. Depreciation expense on operating lease assets includes net remarketing gains recognized on the sale of operating lease assets. The following table summarizes the components of depreciation expense on operating lease assets.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Depreciation expense on operating lease assets (excluding remarketing gains) (a)	$	270	$	269	$	543	$	536
Remarketing gains, net	(70)		(50)		(117)		(100)
Net depreciation expense on operating lease assets	$	200	$	219	$	426	$	436

(a)Includes variable lease payments related to excess mileage and excessive wear and tear on vehicles of $2 million during both the three months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, and $4 million during both the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022.

Finance Leases

In our Automotive Finance operations, we also hold automotive leases that require finance lease treatment as prescribed by ASC Topic 842, Leases. Our total gross investment in finance leases, which is included in finance receivables and loans, net, on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet was $536 million and $481 million as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. This includes lease payment receivables of $524 million and $468 million at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, and unguaranteed residual assets of $12 million at June 30, 2023, and $13 million at December 31, 2022. Interest income on finance lease receivables was $9 million and $18 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and $7 million and $14 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022, and is included in interest and fees on finance receivables and loans in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

The following table presents future minimum rental payments we have the right to receive under finance leases with noncancelable lease terms expiring after June 30, 2023.

($ in millions)
2023	$	95
2024	166
2025	144
2026	106
2027	51
2028 and thereafter	24
Total undiscounted cash flows	586
Difference between undiscounted cash flows and discounted cash flows	(62)
Present value of lease payments recorded as lease receivable	$	524

Leasing

Leasing

Ally as the Lessee

We have operating leases for certain of our corporate facilities, which have remaining lease terms of 2 months to 8 years. Most of the property leases have fixed payment terms with annual fixed-escalation clauses and include options to extend or terminate the lease. We do not include these term extensions or termination provisions in our estimates of the lease term if we do not consider it reasonably certain that the options will be exercised.

We also have operating leases for a fleet of vehicles that is used by our sales force for business purposes, with noncancelable lease terms of 367 days. Thereafter, the leases are month-to-month, up to a maximum of 48 months from inception.

During the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, we paid $8 million and $16 million, respectively, in cash for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities at June 30, 2023, compared to $9 million and $19 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022, in cash for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities at June 30, 2022. These amounts are included in net cash provided by operating activities in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, we obtained $1 million and $21 million, respectively, of ROU assets in exchange for new lease liabilities. As of June 30, 2023, the weighted-average remaining lease term of our operating lease portfolio was 5 years, and the weighted-average discount rate was 2.61%, compared to 5 years and 2.57% as of December 31, 2022.

The following table presents future minimum rental payments we are required to make under operating leases that have commenced as of June 30, 2023, and that have noncancelable lease terms expiring after June 30, 2023.

($ in millions)
2023	$	17
2024	32
2025	26
2026	21
2027	16
2028 and thereafter	18
Total undiscounted cash flows	130
Difference between undiscounted cash flows and discounted cash flows	(8)
Total lease liability	$	122

The following table details the components of total net operating lease expense.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease expense	$	7	$	9	$	14	$	17
Variable lease expense	1		1		2		2
Total lease expense, net (a)	$	8	$	10	$	16	$	19

(a)Included in other operating expenses in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

Ally as the Lessor

Investment in Operating Leases

We purchase consumer operating lease contracts and the associated vehicles from dealerships after those contracts are executed by the dealers and the consumers. The amount we pay a dealer for an operating lease contract is based on the negotiated price for the vehicle less vehicle trade-in, down payment from the consumer, and available automotive manufacturer incentives. Under the operating lease, the consumer is obligated to make payments in amounts equal to the amount by which the negotiated purchase price of the vehicle (less any trade-in value, down payment, or available manufacturer incentives) exceeds the contract residual value (including residual support) of the vehicle at lease termination, plus operating lease rental charges. The customer can terminate the lease at any point after commencement, subject to additional charges and fees. Both the consumer and the dealership have the option to purchase the vehicle at the end of the lease term, which generally range from 24 to 60 months, at the residual value of the vehicle, however it is not reasonably certain this option will be exercised and accordingly our consumer leases are classified as operating leases. In addition to the charges described above, the consumer is generally responsible for certain charges related to excess mileage or excessive wear and tear on the vehicle. These charges are deemed variable lease payments and, as these payments are not based on a rate or index, they are recognized as net depreciation expense on operating lease assets in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income as incurred.

When we acquire a consumer operating lease, we assume ownership of the vehicle from the dealer. We require that property damage, bodily injury, collision, and comprehensive insurance be obtained by the lessee on all consumer operating leases. Neither the consumer nor the dealer is responsible for the value of the vehicle at the time of lease termination. When vehicles are not purchased by customers or the receiving dealer at scheduled lease termination, the vehicle is returned to us for remarketing. We generally bear the risk of loss to the extent the value of a leased vehicle upon remarketing is below the expected residual value. At termination, our actual sales proceeds from remarketing the vehicle may be higher or lower than the estimated residual value resulting in a gain or loss on remarketing, which is included in net depreciation expense on operating lease assets in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. Excessive mileage or excessive wear and tear on the vehicle during the lease may impact the sales proceeds received upon remarketing. As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, consumer operating leases with a carrying value, net of accumulated depreciation, of $30 million and $56 million, respectively, were covered by a residual value guarantee of 15% of the manufacturer’s suggested retail price.

The following table details our investment in operating leases.

($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Vehicles	$	11,854	$	12,304
Accumulated depreciation	(1,924)		(1,860)
Investment in operating leases, net	$	9,930	$	10,444

The following table presents future minimum rental payments we have the right to receive under operating leases with noncancelable lease terms expiring after June 30, 2023.

($ in millions)
2023	$	802
2024	1,157
2025	639
2026	227
2027	31
2028 and thereafter	1
Total lease payments from operating leases	$	2,857

We recognized operating lease revenue of $392 million and $794 million for the three months and six months ended, June 30, 2023, respectively, and $396 million and $799 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022. Depreciation expense on operating lease assets includes net remarketing gains recognized on the sale of operating lease assets. The following table summarizes the components of depreciation expense on operating lease assets.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Depreciation expense on operating lease assets (excluding remarketing gains) (a)	$	270	$	269	$	543	$	536
Remarketing gains, net	(70)		(50)		(117)		(100)
Net depreciation expense on operating lease assets	$	200	$	219	$	426	$	436

(a)Includes variable lease payments related to excess mileage and excessive wear and tear on vehicles of $2 million during both the three months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, and $4 million during both the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022.

Finance Leases

In our Automotive Finance operations, we also hold automotive leases that require finance lease treatment as prescribed by ASC Topic 842, Leases. Our total gross investment in finance leases, which is included in finance receivables and loans, net, on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet was $536 million and $481 million as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. This includes lease payment receivables of $524 million and $468 million at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, and unguaranteed residual assets of $12 million at June 30, 2023, and $13 million at December 31, 2022. Interest income on finance lease receivables was $9 million and $18 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and $7 million and $14 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022, and is included in interest and fees on finance receivables and loans in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

The following table presents future minimum rental payments we have the right to receive under finance leases with noncancelable lease terms expiring after June 30, 2023.

($ in millions)
2023	$	95
2024	166
2025	144
2026	106
2027	51
2028 and thereafter	24
Total undiscounted cash flows	586
Difference between undiscounted cash flows and discounted cash flows	(62)
Present value of lease payments recorded as lease receivable	$	524

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Securitizations and Variable Interest Entities

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Securitizations And Variable Interest Entities [Abstract]

Securitizations and Variable Interest Entities

Securitizations and Variable Interest Entities

We securitize, transfer, and service consumer automotive loans. We often securitize these loans (also referred to as financial assets) using SPEs. An SPE is a legal entity that is designed to fulfill a specified limited need of the sponsor. Our principal use of SPEs is to obtain liquidity by securitizing certain of our financial assets. SPEs are often VIEs and may or may not be included on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Additionally, we opportunistically sell consumer automotive and credit card whole-loans to SPEs where we have a continuing involvement.

VIEs are legal entities that either have an insufficient amount of equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or, as a group, the holders of the equity investment at risk lack the ability to control the entity’s activities that most significantly impact economic performance through voting or similar rights, or do not have the obligation to absorb the expected losses or the right to receive expected residual returns of the entity.

The VIEs included on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet represent SPEs where we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary, primarily due to our servicing activities and our beneficial interests in the VIE that could be potentially significant.

The nature, purpose, and activities of nonconsolidated SPEs are similar to those of our consolidated SPEs with the primary difference being the nature and extent of our continuing involvement. For nonconsolidated SPEs, the transferred financial assets are removed from our balance sheet provided the conditions for sale accounting are met. The financial assets obtained from the sale are primarily reported as cash or retained interests (if applicable). Liabilities incurred as part of these sales, are recorded at fair value at the time of sale and are reported as accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Upon the sale of the loans, we recognize a gain or loss on sale for the difference between the assets recognized, the assets derecognized, and the liabilities recognized as part of the transaction. With respect to our ongoing right to service the assets we sell, the servicing fee we receive represents adequate compensation, and consequently, we do not recognize a servicing asset or liability.

The pretax gain on sales of financial assets into nonconsolidated VIEs was $1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. We had no pretax gains or losses on sales of financial assets into nonconsolidated VIEs during the three months ended June 30, 2023, and during both the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022.

We provide long-term guarantee contracts to investors in certain nonconsolidated affordable housing entities and have extended a line of credit to provide liquidity. Since we do not have control over the entities or the power to make decisions, we do not consolidate the entities and our involvement is limited to the guarantee and the line of credit.

We are involved with various other nonconsolidated equity investments, including affordable housing entities and venture capital funds and loan funds. We do not consolidate these entities and our involvement is limited to our outstanding investment, additional capital committed to these funds plus any previously recognized low-income housing tax credits that are subject to recapture.

Refer to Note 1 and Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for further description of our securitization activities and our involvement with VIEs.

The following table presents our involvement in consolidated and nonconsolidated VIEs in which we hold variable interests. We have excluded certain transactions with nonconsolidated entities from the balances presented in the table below, where our only continuing involvement relates to financial interests obtained through the ordinary course of business, primarily from lending and investing arrangements. For additional detail related to the assets and liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities refer to the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

($ in millions)	Carrying value of total assets			Carrying value of total liabilities			Assets sold to nonconsolidated VIEs (a)		Maximum exposure to loss in nonconsolidated VIEs
June 30, 2023
On-balance sheet variable interest entities
Consumer automotive	$	20,272	(b)	$	2,824	(c)	$	—	$	—
Off-balance sheet variable interest entities
Consumer automotive	—			—			653		653		(d)
Consumer other (e)	—			—			130		130
Commercial other	2,283		(f)	865		(g)	—		2,817		(h)
Total	$	22,555		$	3,689		$	783	$	3,600
December 31, 2022
On-balance sheet variable interest entities
Consumer automotive	$	20,415	(b)	$	2,553	(c)	$	—	$	—
Off-balance sheet variable interest entities
Consumer automotive	—			—			$	227	$	227	(d)
Consumer other (e)	—			—			103		103
Commercial other	2,199		(f)	873		(g)	—		2,767		(h)
Total	$	22,614		$	3,426		$	330	$	3,097

(a)Asset values represent the current unpaid principal balance of outstanding consumer automotive and credit card finance receivables and loans within the VIEs.

(b)Includes $10.1 billion and $10.6 billion of assets that were not encumbered by VIE beneficial interests held by third parties at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Ally or consolidated affiliates hold the interests in these assets.

(c)Includes $108 million and $113 million of liabilities that were not obligations to third-party beneficial interest holders at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

(d)Maximum exposure to loss represents the current unpaid principal balance of outstanding loans based on our customary representation and warranty provisions. This measure is based on the unlikely event that all the loans have underwriting defects or other defects that trigger a representation and warranty provision and the collateral supporting the loans are worthless. This required disclosure is not an indication of our expected loss.

(e)Represents balances from Ally Credit Card.

(f)Amounts are classified as other assets except for $43 million and $38 million classified as equity securities at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

(g)Amounts are classified as accrued expenses and other liabilities.

(h)For certain nonconsolidated affordable housing entities, maximum exposure to loss represents the yield we guaranteed investors through long-term guarantee contracts. The amount disclosed is based on the unlikely event that the yield delivered to investors in the form of low-income tax housing credits is recaptured. For nonconsolidated equity investments, maximum exposure to loss represents our outstanding investment, additional committed capital, and low-income housing tax credits subject to recapture. The amount disclosed is based on the unlikely event that our committed capital is funded, our investments become worthless, and the tax credits previously delivered to us are recaptured. This required disclosure is not an indication of our expected loss.

Cash Flows with Nonconsolidated Special-Purpose Entities

The following table summarizes cash flows received and paid related to SPEs and asset-backed financings where the transfer is accounted for as a sale and we have a continuing involvement with the transferred consumer automotive and credit card assets (for example, servicing) that were outstanding during the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022. Additionally, this table contains information regarding cash flows received from and paid to nonconsolidated SPEs that existed during each period.

	Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022
Consumer automotive
Cash proceeds from transfers completed during the period	$	477	$	2
Servicing fees	6		—
Consumer other (a)
Cash proceeds from transfers completed during the period	75		45
Servicing fees	5		4
Total	$	563	$	51

(a)Represents activity from Ally Credit Card.

Delinquencies and Net Credit Losses

The following tables present quantitative information about off-balance sheet whole-loan sales where we have continuing involvement.

	Total amount				Amount 60 days or more past due
($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Whole-loan sales (a)
Consumer automotive	$	653	$	227	$	16	$	2
Consumer other	130		103		12		8
Total	$	783	$	330	$	28	$	10

(a)Whole-loan sales are not part of a securitization transaction, but represent consumer automotive and credit card pools of loans sold to third-party investors.

	Net credit losses
	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Whole-loan sales (a)
Consumer automotive	$	3	$	—	$	4	$	—
Consumer other	8		—		13		—
Total	$	11	$	—	$	17	$	—

(a)Whole-loan sales are not part of a securitization transaction, but represent consumer automotive and credit card pools of loans sold to third-party investors.

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Other Assets

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Other Assets [Abstract]

Other Assets

Other Assets

The components of other assets were as follows.

($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Property and equipment at cost	$	2,435	$	2,352
Accumulated depreciation	(1,154)		(1,076)
Net property and equipment	1,281		1,276
Investment in qualified affordable housing projects (a)	1,642		1,596
Net deferred tax assets	1,087		1,087
Nonmarketable equity investments	870		842
Accrued interest, fees, and rent receivables	847		786
Goodwill	822		822
Equity-method investments (b)	621		608
Restricted cash held for securitization trusts (c)	590		585
Other accounts receivable	155		164
Operating lease right-of-use assets	98		111
Net intangible assets	85		98
Restricted cash and cash equivalents (d)	76		66
Other assets	979		1,097
Total other assets	$	9,153	$	9,138

(a)Presented gross of the associated unfunded commitment. Refer to Note 13 for further information.

(b)Primarily relates to investments made in connection with our CRA program.

(c)Includes restricted cash collected from customer payments on securitized receivables, which are distributed by us to investors as payments on the related secured debt, and cash reserve deposits utilized as a form of credit enhancement for various securitization transactions.

(d)Primarily represents a number of arrangements with third parties where certain restrictions are placed on balances we hold due to collateral agreements associated with operational processes with a third-party bank, or letter of credit arrangements and corresponding collateral requirements.

The total carrying value of the nonmarketable equity investments held at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, including cumulative unrealized gains and losses, was as follows.

($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
FRB stock	$	415	$	401
FHLB stock	339		318
Equity investments without a readily determinable fair value
Cost basis at acquisition	92		89
Adjustments
Upward adjustments	184		177
Downward adjustments (including impairment)	(160)		(143)
Carrying amount, equity investments without a readily determinable fair value	116		123
Nonmarketable equity investments	$	870	$	842

During the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, respectively, unrealized gains and losses included in the carrying value of the nonmarketable equity investments still held as of June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, were as follows.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Upward adjustments	$	1	$	—	$	7	$	1
Downward adjustments (including impairment) (a)	$	—	$	—	$	(17)	$	(3)

(a)No impairment on FHLB and FRB stock was recognized during both the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022.

Total gain (loss) on nonmarketable equity investments, net, which includes both realized and unrealized gains and losses, was a loss of $11 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to gains of $3 million and $2 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.

The carrying balance of goodwill by reportable operating segment was as follows.

($ in millions)	Automotive Finance operations		Insurance operations		Corporate and Other (a)		Total
Goodwill at December 31, 2021	$	20	$	27	$	775	$	822
Goodwill acquired	—		—		—		—
Goodwill at December 31, 2022	$	20	$	27	$	775	$	822
Goodwill acquired	—		—		—		—
Goodwill at June 30, 2023	$	20	$	27	$	775	$	822

(a)Includes $479 million of goodwill associated with Ally Credit Card at both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, $153 million of goodwill associated with Ally Lending at both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, and $143 million of goodwill associated with Ally Invest at both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

The net carrying value of intangible assets by class was as follows.

	June 30, 2023 (a)						December 31, 2022
($ in millions)	Gross intangible assets		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying value		Gross intangible assets		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying value
Technology	$	122	$	(61)	$	61	$	122	$	(53)	$	69
Customer lists	58		(54)		4		58		(51)		7
Purchased credit card relationships	25		(6)		19		25		(4)		21
Trademarks	2		(1)		1		2		(1)		1
Total intangible assets	$	207	$	(122)	$	85	$	207	$	(109)	$	98

(a)We expect to recognize amortization expense of $12 million during the remainder of 2023, $19 million in 2024, and $14 million per year for 2025, 2026, and 2027.

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Deposit Liabilities

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Deposits [Abstract]

Deposit Liabilities

Deposit Liabilities

Deposit liabilities consisted of the following.

($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Noninterest-bearing deposits	$	160	$	185
Interest-bearing deposits
Savings, money market, and checking accounts	98,841		110,776
Certificates of deposit	55,309		41,336
Total deposit liabilities	$	154,310	$	152,297

At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, certificates of deposit included $6.9 billion and $5.6 billion, respectively, of those in denominations in excess of $250 thousand.

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Debt

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

Debt

Short-Term Borrowings

The following table presents the composition of our short-term borrowings portfolio.

	June 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
($ in millions)	Unsecured		Secured (a)		Total		Unsecured		Secured (a)		Total
Federal Home Loan Bank	$	—	$	1,200	$	1,200	$	—	$	1,900	$	1,900
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	—		994		994		—		499		499
Total short-term borrowings	$	—	$	2,194	$	2,194	$	—	$	2,399	$	2,399

(a)Refer to the section below titled Long-Term Debt for further details on assets restricted as collateral for payment of the related debt.

We periodically enter into term repurchase agreements—short-term borrowing agreements in which we sell securities to one or more investors while simultaneously committing to repurchase them at a specified future date, at the stated price plus accrued interest. As of June 30, 2023, the securities sold under agreements to repurchase consisted of $994 million of agency mortgage-backed residential debt securities, of which $742 million are set to mature within 30 days, and $252 million are set to mature within 31 to 60 days. Refer to Note 6 and Note 21 for further details.

The primary risk associated with these repurchase agreements is that the counterparty will be unable to perform under the terms of the contract. As the borrower, we are exposed to the excess market value of the securities pledged over the amount borrowed. Daily mark-to-market collateral management is designed to limit this risk to the initial margin. However, should a counterparty declare bankruptcy or become insolvent, we may incur additional delays and costs. In some instances, we may place or receive cash collateral with counterparties under collateral arrangements associated with our repurchase agreements. At June 30, 2023, we placed cash collateral of $3 million subsequent to the execution of the repurchase agreements, and received cash collateral of $2 million. At December 31, 2022, we placed cash collateral of $1 million subsequent to the execution of the repurchase agreements, and we did not receive any collateral.

Long-Term Debt

The following tables present the composition of our long-term debt portfolio.

	June 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
($ in millions)	Unsecured		Secured		Total		Unsecured		Secured		Total
Long-term debt (a)
Due within one year	$	1,948	$	3,208	$	5,156	$	2,023	$	2,395	$	4,418
Due after one year	8,820		6,165		14,985		8,014		5,330		13,344
Total long-term debt (b)	$	10,768	$	9,373	$	20,141	$	10,037	$	7,725	$	17,762

(a)Includes basis adjustments related to the application of hedge accounting. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.

(b)Includes advances, net of hedge basis adjustments, from the FHLB of Pittsburgh of $6.7 billion and $5.3 billion at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The following table presents the scheduled remaining maturity of long-term debt at June 30, 2023, assuming no early redemptions will occur. The amounts below include adjustments to the carrying value resulting from the application of hedge accounting. The actual payment of secured debt may vary based on the payment activity of the related pledged assets.

($ in millions)	2023		2024		2025		2026		2027		2028 and thereafter		Total
Unsecured
Long-term debt	$	1,258	$	1,479	$	2,486	$	141	$	1,537	$	4,730	$	11,631
Original issue discount	(31)		(68)		(74)		(82)		(95)		(513)		(863)
Total unsecured	1,227		1,411		2,412		59		1,442		4,217		10,768
Secured
Long-term debt	1,673		3,114		2,061		1,814		439		272		9,373
Total long-term debt	$	2,900	$	4,525	$	4,473	$	1,873	$	1,881	$	4,489	$	20,141

The following summarizes assets restricted as collateral for the payment of the related debt obligation.

($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Consumer mortgage finance receivables	$	19,187	$	19,771
Consumer automotive finance receivables	12,121		11,759
Commercial finance receivables	5,568		4,210
Investment securities (amortized cost of $5,253 and $4,288) (a)	4,371		3,525
Total assets restricted as collateral (b) (c) (d)	$	41,247	$	39,265
Secured debt (e)	$	11,567	$	10,124

(a)A portion of the restricted investment securities at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, was restricted under repurchase agreements. Refer to the section above titled Short-Term Borrowings for information on the repurchase agreements.

(b)All restricted assets are those of Ally Bank.

(c)Ally Bank has an advance agreement with the FHLB, and had assets pledged to secure borrowings that were restricted as collateral to the FHLB totaling $28.1 billion and $27.0 billion at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. These assets were primarily composed of consumer mortgage finance receivables and loans, as well as real-estate-backed loans within our Automotive Finance and Corporate Finance businesses, and non-agency mortgage-backed securities. Ally Bank has access to the FRB Discount Window and had assets pledged and restricted as collateral to the FRB totaling $2.3 billion and $2.4 billion at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. These assets were composed of consumer automotive finance receivables and loans. Availability under these programs is only for the operations of Ally Bank and cannot be used to fund the operations or liabilities of Ally or its other subsidiaries.

(d)Excludes restricted cash and cash reserves for securitization trusts recorded within other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Refer to Note 10 for additional information.

(e)Includes $2.2 billion and $2.4 billion of short-term borrowings at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

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Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

The components of accrued expenses and other liabilities were as follows.

($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Unfunded commitments for investment in qualified affordable housing projects	$	861	$	869
Accounts payable	515		435
Employee compensation and benefits	303		424
Deferred revenue	165		169
Reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses (a)	152		119
Operating lease liabilities	122		137
Other liabilities	513		495
Total accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	2,631	$	2,648

(a)Refer to Note 4 for further information.

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Preferred Stock

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Preferred Stock

Preferred Stock

The following table summarizes information about our preferred stock. For additional information regarding our preferred stock, refer to Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Series B preferred stock (a)
Issuance date	April 22, 2021		April 22, 2021
Carrying value ($ in millions)	$	1,335	$	1,335
Par value (per share)	$	0.01	$	0.01
Liquidation preference (per share)	$	1,000	$	1,000
Number of shares authorized	1,350,000		1,350,000
Number of shares issued and outstanding	1,350,000		1,350,000
Dividend/coupon
Prior to May 15, 2026	4.700%		4.700%
On and after May 15, 2026	Five Year Treasury + 3.868%		Five Year Treasury + 3.868%
Series C preferred stock (a)
Issuance date	June 2, 2021		June 2, 2021
Carrying value ($ in millions)	$	989	$	989
Par value (per share)	$	0.01	$	0.01
Liquidation preference (per share)	$	1,000	$	1,000
Number of shares authorized	1,000,000		1,000,000
Number of shares issued and outstanding	1,000,000		1,000,000
Dividend/coupon
Prior to May 15, 2028	4.700%		4.700%
On and after May 15, 2028	Seven Year Treasury + 3.481%		Seven Year Treasury + 3.481%

(a)We may, at our option, redeem the Series B and Series C shares on any dividend payment date on or after May 15, 2026, or May 15, 2028, respectively, or at any time within 90 days following a regulatory event that precludes the instruments from being included in additional Tier 1 capital.

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following tables present changes, net of tax, in each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss.

	Three months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	Unrealized losses on investment securities (a)		Translation adjustments and net investment hedges (b)		Cash flow hedges (b)		Defined benefit pension plans (c)		Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Balance at April 1, 2022	$	(1,726)	$	20	$	30	$	(115)	$	(1,791)
Net change	(1,214)		(1)		(3)		—		(1,218)
Balance at June 30, 2022	$	(2,940)	$	19	$	27	$	(115)	$	(3,009)
Balance at April 1, 2023	$	(3,811)	$	18	$	17	$	—	$	(3,776)
Net change	(70)		3		(20)		—		(87)
Balance at June 30, 2023	$	(3,881)	$	21	$	(3)	$	—	$	(3,863)

(a)Represents the after-tax difference between the fair value and amortized cost of our available-for-sale securities portfolio. Refer to Note 6 for additional information.

(b)For additional information on derivative instruments and hedging activities, refer to Note 18.

(c)During 2022, we settled our qualified defined benefit pension plan. Refer to Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

	Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	Unrealized losses on investment securities (a)		Translation adjustments and net investment hedges (b)		Cash flow hedges (b)		Defined benefit pension plans (c)		Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Balance at January 1, 2022	$	(95)	$	19	$	35	$	(117)	$	(158)
Net change	(2,845)		—		(8)		2		(2,851)
Balance at June 30, 2022	$	(2,940)	$	19	$	27	$	(115)	$	(3,009)
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	(4,095)	$	18	$	18	$	—	$	(4,059)
Net change	214		3		(21)		—		196
Balance at June 30, 2023	$	(3,881)	$	21	$	(3)	$	—	$	(3,863)

(a)Represents the after-tax difference between the fair value and amortized cost of our available-for-sale securities portfolio. Refer to Note 6 for additional information.

(b)For additional information on derivative instruments and hedging activities, refer to Note 18.

(c)During 2022, we settled our qualified defined benefit pension plan. Refer to Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

The following tables present the before- and after-tax changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss.

Three months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Before tax			Tax effect			After tax
Investment securities
Net unrealized losses arising during the period	$	(91)		$	21		$	(70)
Translation adjustments
Net unrealized gains arising during the period	6			(1)			5
Net investment hedges (a)
Net unrealized losses arising during the period	(3)			1			(2)
Cash flow hedges (a)
Net unrealized losses arising during the period	(22)			6			(16)
Less: Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations	5		(b)	(1)		(c)	4
Net change	(27)			7			(20)
Other comprehensive loss	$	(115)		$	28		$	(87)

(a)For additional information on derivative instruments and hedging activities, refer to Note 18.

(b)Includes gains reclassified to interest and fees on finance receivables and loans in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(c)Includes amounts reclassified to income tax expense from continuing operations in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

Three months ended June 30, 2022 ($ in millions)	Before tax			Tax effect			After tax
Investment securities
Net unrealized losses arising during the period	$	(1,588)		$	376		$	(1,212)
Less: Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations	3		(a)	(1)		(b)	2
Net change	(1,591)			377			(1,214)
Translation adjustments
Net unrealized losses arising during the period	(5)			1			(4)
Net investment hedges (c)
Net unrealized gains arising during the period	4			(1)			3
Cash flow hedges (c)
Less: Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations	5		(d)	(2)		(b)	3
Other comprehensive loss	$	(1,597)		$	379		$	(1,218)

(a)Includes gains reclassified to other gain on investments, net in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(b)Includes amounts reclassified to income tax expense from continuing operations in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(c)For additional information on derivative instruments and hedging activities, refer to Note 18.

(d)Includes gains reclassified to interest and fees on finance receivables and loans in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

Six months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Before tax			Tax effect			After tax
Investment securities
Net unrealized gains arising during the period	$	286		$	(68)		$	218
Less: Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations	5		(a)	(1)		(b)	4
Net change	281			(67)			214
Translation adjustments
Net unrealized gains arising during the period	6			(1)			5
Net investment hedges (c)
Net unrealized losses arising during the period	(3)			1			(2)
Cash flow hedges (c)
Net unrealized losses arising during the period	(18)			5			(13)
Less: Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations	10		(d)	(2)		(b)	8
Net change	(28)			7			(21)
Other comprehensive income	$	256		$	(60)		$	196

(a)Includes gains reclassified to other gain on investments, net in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(b)Includes amounts reclassified to income tax expense from continuing operations in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(c)For additional information on derivative instruments and hedging activities, refer to Note 18.

(d)Includes gains reclassified to interest and fees on finance receivables and loans in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

Six months ended June 30, 2022 ($ in millions)	Before tax			Tax effect			After tax
Investment securities
Net unrealized losses arising during the period	$	(3,708)		$	879		$	(2,829)
Less: Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations	21		(a)	(5)		(b)	16
Net change	(3,729)			884			(2,845)
Translation adjustments
Net unrealized losses arising during the period	(2)			1			(1)
Net investment hedges (c)
Net unrealized gains arising during the period	1			—			1
Cash flow hedges (c)
Less: Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations	11		(d)	(3)		(b)	8
Defined benefit pension plans
Net unrealized gains arising during the period	2			—			2
Other comprehensive loss	$	(3,739)		$	888		$	(2,851)

(a)Includes gains reclassified to other gain on investments, net in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(b)Includes amounts reclassified to income tax expense from continuing operations in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(c)For additional information on derivative instruments and hedging activities, refer to Note 18.

(d)Includes gains reclassified to interest and fees on finance receivables and loans in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

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Earnings per Common Share

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings per Common Share

Earnings per Common Share

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per common share.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions, except per share data; shares in thousands) (a)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income from continuing operations	$	329	$	482	$	649	$	1,137
Preferred stock dividends — Series B	(16)		(16)		(32)		(32)
Preferred stock dividends — Series C	(12)		(12)		(24)		(24)
Net income from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders	$	301	$	454	$	593	$	1,081
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	—		—		(1)		—
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	301	$	454	$	592	$	1,081
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding (b)	303,684		322,057		303,173		328,830
Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding (b)	304,646		324,027		304,050		330,882
Basic earnings per common share
Net income from continuing operations	$	0.99	$	1.41	$	1.96	$	3.29
Net income	$	0.99	$	1.41	$	1.95	$	3.29
Diluted earnings per common share
Net income from continuing operations	$	0.99	$	1.40	$	1.95	$	3.27
Net income	$	0.99	$	1.40	$	1.95	$	3.27

(a)Figures in the table may not recalculate exactly due to rounding. Earnings per share is calculated based on unrounded numbers.

(b)Includes shares related to share-based compensation that vested but were not yet issued.

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Regulatory Capital and Other Regulatory Matters

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Broker-Dealer, Net Capital Requirement, SEC Regulation [Abstract]

Regulatory Capital and Other Regulatory Matters

Regulatory Capital and Other Regulatory Matters

Ally is subject to enhanced prudential standards that have been established by the FRB under the Dodd-Frank Act, as amended by the EGRRCP Act and as applied to Category IV firms under the Tailoring Rules. As a Category IV firm, Ally is (1) subject to supervisory stress testing on a two-year cycle, (2) required to submit an annual capital plan to the FRB, (3) exempted from company-run capital stress testing requirements, (4) required to maintain a buffer of unencumbered highly liquid assets to meet projected net stressed cash outflows over a 30-day planning horizon, (5) exempted from the requirements of the LCR and the net stable funding ratio (provided that our average wSTWF continues to remain under $50 billion), and (6) exempted from the requirements of the supplementary leverage ratio, the countercyclical capital buffer, and single-counterparty credit limits. Even so, we are subject to rules enabling the FRB to conduct supervisory stress testing on a more or less frequent basis based on our financial condition, size, complexity, risk profile, scope of operations, or activities or based on risks to the U.S. economy. Further, we are subject to rules requiring the resubmission of our capital plan if we determine that there has been or will be a material change in our risk profile, financial condition, or corporate structure since we last submitted the capital plan or if the FRB determines that (a) our capital plan is incomplete or our capital plan or internal capital adequacy process contains material weaknesses, (b) there has been, or will likely be, a material change in our risk profile (including a material change in our business strategy or any risk exposure), financial condition, or corporate structure, or (c) the BHC stress scenario(s) are not appropriate for our business model and portfolios, or changes in the financial markets or the macroeconomic outlook that could have a material impact on our risk profile and financial condition require the use of updated scenarios. While a resubmission is pending, without prior approval of the FRB, we would generally be prohibited from paying dividends, repurchasing our common stock, or making other capital distributions. In addition, to satisfy the FRB in its review of our capital plan, we may be required to further cease or limit these capital distributions or to issue capital instruments that could be dilutive to stockholders. The FRB also may prevent us from maintaining or expanding lending or other business activities.

Basel Capital Framework

The FRB and other U.S. banking agencies have adopted risk-based and leverage capital rules that establish minimum capital-to-asset ratios for BHCs, like Ally, and depository institutions, like Ally Bank.

The risk-based capital ratios are based on a banking organization’s RWAs, which are generally determined under the standardized approach applicable to Ally and Ally Bank by (1) assigning on-balance-sheet exposures to broad risk-weight categories according to the counterparty or, if relevant, the guarantor or collateral (with higher risk weights assigned to categories of exposures perceived as representing greater risk), and (2) multiplying off-balance-sheet exposures by specified credit conversion factors to calculate credit equivalent amounts and assigning those credit equivalent amounts to the relevant risk-weight categories. The leverage ratio, in contrast, is based on an institution’s average unweighted on-balance-sheet exposures.

Under U.S. Basel III, Ally and Ally Bank must maintain a minimum Common Equity Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 4.5%, a minimum Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6%, and a minimum total risk-based capital ratio of 8%. On top of the minimum risk-based capital ratios, Ally and Ally Bank are subject to a capital conservation buffer requirement, which must be satisfied entirely with capital that qualifies as

Common Equity Tier 1 capital. Failure to maintain more than the full amount of the capital conservation buffer requirement would result in automatic restrictions on the ability of Ally and Ally Bank to make capital distributions, including dividend payments and stock repurchases and redemptions, and to pay discretionary bonuses to executive officers. U.S. Basel III also subjects Ally and Ally Bank to a minimum Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4%. While the capital conservation buffer requirement for Ally Bank is fixed at 2.5% of RWAs, the capital conservation buffer requirement for a Category IV firm like Ally is equal to its stress capital buffer requirement. The stress capital buffer requirement for Ally, in turn, is the greater of 2.5% and the result of the following calculation: (1) the difference between Ally’s starting and minimum projected Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratios under the severely adverse scenario in the supervisory stress test, plus (2) the sum of the dollar amount of Ally’s planned common stock dividends for each of the fourth through seventh quarters of its nine-quarter capital planning horizon, as a percentage of RWAs. As of June 30, 2023, the stress capital buffer requirement for Ally was 2.5%.

Ally and Ally Bank are subject to the U.S. Basel III standardized approach for counterparty credit risk but not to the U.S. Basel III advanced approaches for credit risk or operational risk. Ally is also not subject to the U.S. market-risk capital rule, which applies only to banking organizations with significant trading assets and liabilities. Since Ally and Ally Bank are not subject to the advanced approaches risk-based capital rules, we elected to apply a one-time option to exclude most components of accumulated other comprehensive income from regulatory capital. As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, Ally had $3.9 billion and $4.1 billion, respectively, of accumulated other comprehensive losses, net of applicable income taxes, that were excluded from Common Equity Tier 1 capital. Refer to Note 15 for additional details about our accumulated other comprehensive loss.

Failure to satisfy regulatory-capital requirements could result in significant sanctions—such as bars or other limits on capital distributions and discretionary bonuses to executive officers, limitations on acquisitions and new activities, restrictions on our acceptance of brokered deposits, a loss of our status as an FHC, or informal or formal enforcement and other supervisory actions—and could have a significant adverse effect on the Consolidated Financial Statements or the business, results of operations, financial condition, or prospects of Ally and Ally Bank.

The risk-based capital ratios and the Tier 1 leverage ratio play a central role in PCA, which is an enforcement framework used by the U.S. banking agencies to constrain the activities of depository institutions based on their levels of regulatory capital. Five categories have been established using thresholds for the Common Equity Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio, the Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio, the total risk-based capital ratio, and the Tier 1 leverage ratio: well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized. FDICIA generally prohibits a depository institution from making any capital distribution, including any payment of a cash dividend or a management fee to its BHC, if the depository institution would become undercapitalized after the distribution. An undercapitalized institution is also subject to growth limitations and must submit and fulfill a capital restoration plan. Although BHCs are not subject to the PCA framework, the FRB is empowered to compel a BHC to take measures—such as the execution of financial or performance guarantees—when PCA is required in connection with one of its depository-institution subsidiaries. At both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, Ally Bank met the capital ratios required to be well capitalized under the PCA framework.

Under FDICIA and the PCA framework, insured depository institutions such as Ally Bank must be well capitalized or, with a waiver from the FDIC, adequately capitalized in order to accept brokered deposits, and even adequately capitalized institutions are subject to some restrictions on the rates they may offer for brokered deposits. Brokered deposits totaled $13.7 billion at June 30, 2023, which represented 8.9% of Ally Bank’s total deposits.

The following table summarizes our capital ratios under U.S. Basel III.

	June 30, 2023				December 31, 2022				Required minimum (a)		Well-capitalized minimum
($ in millions)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
Capital ratios
Common Equity Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)
Ally Financial Inc.	$	14,791	9.29	%	$	14,592	9.27	%	4.50	%	(b)
Ally Bank	17,298		11.44		17,011		11.38		4.50		6.50	%
Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)
Ally Financial Inc.	$	17,054	10.72	%	$	16,867	10.72	%	6.00	%	6.00	%
Ally Bank	17,298		11.44		17,011		11.38		6.00		8.00
Total (to risk-weighted assets)
Ally Financial Inc.	$	19,897	12.50	%	$	19,209	12.21	%	8.00	%	10.00	%
Ally Bank	19,202		12.70		18,888		12.64		8.00		10.00
Tier 1 leverage (to adjusted quarterly average assets) (c)
Ally Financial Inc.	$	17,054	8.59	%	$	16,867	8.65	%	4.00	%	(b)
Ally Bank	17,298		9.18		17,011		9.23		4.00		5.00	%

(a)In addition to the minimum risk-based capital requirements for the Common Equity Tier 1 capital, Tier 1 capital, and total capital ratios, Ally and Ally Bank were required to maintain a minimum capital conservation buffer of 2.5% at both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

(b)Currently, there is no ratio component for determining whether a BHC is “well-capitalized.”

(c)Federal regulatory reporting guidelines require the calculation of adjusted quarterly average assets using a daily average methodology.

On January 1, 2020, we adopted CECL. Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information about our allowance for loan losses accounting policy. Under a rule finalized by the FRB and other U.S. banking agencies in 2020, we delayed recognizing the estimated impact of CECL on regulatory capital until after a two-year deferral period, which for us extended through December 31, 2021. Beginning on January 1, 2022, we were required to phase in 25% of the previously deferred estimated capital impact of CECL, with an additional 25% to be phased in at the beginning of each subsequent year until fully phased in by the first quarter of 2025. The estimated impact of CECL on regulatory capital that we deferred and began phasing in on January 1, 2022, is generally calculated as the entire day-one impact at adoption plus 25% of the subsequent change in allowance during the two-year deferral period. As of June 30, 2023, the total deferred impact on Common Equity Tier 1 capital related to our adoption of CECL was $591 million.

In April 2023, in a statement accompanying the review of the FRB’s supervision and regulation of SVB, FRB Vice Chair for Supervision Barr highlighted a plan to revisit the Tailoring Rules and develop stronger capital, liquidity, stress-testing, and other standards for Category IV firms like Ally. In July 2023, the U.S. banking agencies issued a proposed rule to customize and implement revisions to the global Basel III capital framework (commonly known as the Basel III endgame or as Basel IV). For regulatory capital, the proposed rule would eliminate the effect of the Tailoring Rules by requiring the recognition of most elements of accumulated other comprehensive income and loss and the application of deductions, limitations, and criteria for specified capital investments, minority interests, and TLAC holdings. For each of the risk-based capital ratios, a large banking organization like Ally would calculate and be bound by the lower of two alternatives: one version of the ratio based on an expanded risk-based approach prescribed in the proposed rule and one version of the ratio based on the standardized approach as modified by the proposed rule. All capital buffer requirements, including the stress capital buffer requirement, would apply regardless of whether the expanded risk-based approach or the standardized approach produces the lower ratio. Under the expanded risk-based approach, total RWAs would equal the sum of the RWAs for credit risk, equity risk, operational risk, market risk, and CVA risk as set forth in the proposed rule minus any amount of the banking organization’s adjusted allowance for credit losses that is not included in Tier 2 capital and any amount of allocated transfer risk reserves. Under the standardized approach, total RWAs would be calculated using the existing rules with a revised methodology for determining market risk-weighted assets and a required application of the standardized approach for counterparty credit risk for derivative exposures. Category IV firms would be further required under the proposed rule to project their risk-based capital ratios under baseline conditions in their capital plans and related reports using the RWA-calculation approach that results in their binding risk-based capital ratios as of the start of the projection horizon. The proposed rule also would roll back additional elements of the Tailoring Rules by applying to Category IV firms the supplementary leverage ratio, the countercyclical capital buffer, and enhanced public disclosure and reporting requirements. Whether and when a final rule may be adopted and take effect, as well as what changes to the proposed rule may be reflected in such a final rule after the comment period, remain unclear. Under the proposed rule, however, a three-year transition period from July 1, 2025, to June 30, 2028, would apply to the recognition of accumulated other comprehensive income and loss in regulatory capital and the use of the expanded risk-based approach. Ally is still assessing the impact of the proposed rule, but the U.S. banking agencies estimate that Category IV firms would experience a 6 percent increase in RWAs and in binding Common Equity Tier 1 capital requirements. The actual impact on Ally could differ meaningfully from these estimates. Beyond this proposed rule, more stringent and less tailored liquidity, stress-testing, and other standards for Category IV firms like Ally may be forthcoming, including those that may (1) impose a minimum TLAC requirement, (2) reinstate the LCR and require more rigorous liquidity stress testing,

(3) return Ally to supervisory stress testing on an annual cycle, and (4) resume resolution planning for Ally and its significant legal entities under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code and other applicable insolvency laws.

Capital Planning and Stress Tests

Under the Tailoring Rules, we are generally subject to supervisory stress testing on a two-year cycle and exempted from mandated company-run capital stress testing requirements. We are also required to submit an annual capital plan to the FRB. Our annual capital plan must include an assessment of our expected uses and sources of capital and a description of all planned capital actions over a nine-quarter planning horizon, including any issuance of a debt or equity capital instrument, any dividend or other capital distribution, and any similar action that the FRB determines could have an impact on our capital. The plan must also include a detailed description of our process for assessing capital adequacy, including a discussion of how we, under expected and stressful conditions, will maintain capital commensurate with our risks and above the minimum regulatory capital ratios, will serve as a source of strength to Ally Bank, and will maintain sufficient capital to continue our operations by maintaining ready access to funding, meeting our obligations to creditors and other counterparties, and continuing to serve as a credit intermediary.

The Tailoring Rules align capital planning, supervisory stress testing, and stress capital buffer requirements for large banking organizations like Ally. As a Category IV firm, Ally is expected to have the ability to elect to participate in the supervisory stress test—and receive a correspondingly updated stress capital buffer requirement—in a year in which Ally would not generally be subject to the supervisory stress test. Refer to the section titled Basel Capital Framework above for further discussion about our stress capital buffer requirements. During a year in which Ally does not undergo a supervisory stress test, we would receive an updated stress capital buffer requirement only to reflect our updated planned common-stock dividends. Ally was subject to the 2022 supervisory stress test and did not elect to participate in the 2023 supervisory stress test.

On January 10, 2022, our Board authorized a stock-repurchase program, permitting us to repurchase up to $2.0 billion of our common stock from time to time from the first quarter of 2022 through the fourth quarter of 2022 subject to restrictions imposed by the FRB, and an increase in our cash dividend on common stock from $0.25 per share for the fourth quarter of 2021 to $0.30 per share for the first quarter of 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we repurchased $1.65 billion of common stock under our stock-repurchase program. Since the commencement of our initial stock-repurchase program in the third quarter of 2016, we have reduced the number of outstanding shares of our common stock by 38%, from 484 million as of June 30, 2016, to 302 million as of June 30, 2023. At this time, the Board has not authorized a stock-repurchase program for 2023.

We submitted our 2022 capital plan to the FRB on April 5, 2022. Ally received an updated preliminary stress capital buffer requirement from the FRB in June 2022, which was determined to be 2.5% and reflected a decline of 100 basis points relative to our prior requirement. The updated 2.5% stress capital buffer requirement was finalized in August 2022 and became effective on October 1, 2022. In February 2023, we accessed the unsecured debt capital markets and issued $500 million of additional subordinated notes, which qualify as Tier 2 capital for Ally under U.S. Basel III. We submitted our 2023 capital plan to the FRB on April 5, 2023, and received in June 2023 an updated preliminary stress capital buffer requirement that remained unchanged at 2.5%. The 2.5% stress capital buffer requirement was finalized in July 2023, and will become effective on October 1, 2023.

Our ability to make capital distributions, including our ability to pay dividends or repurchase shares of our common stock, will continue to be subject to the FRB’s review and our internal governance requirements, including approval by our Board. The amount and size of any future dividends and share repurchases also will be subject to various factors, including Ally’s capital and liquidity positions, accounting and regulatory considerations (including any restrictions that may be imposed by the FRB and any changes to capital, liquidity, and other regulatory requirements that may be proposed or adopted by the U.S. banking agencies), the taxation of share repurchases, financial and operational performance, alternative uses of capital, common-stock price, and general market conditions, and may be extended, modified, or discontinued at any time.

The following table presents information related to our common stock and distributions to our common stockholders.

	Common stock repurchased during period (a)			Number of common shares outstanding		Cash dividends declared per common share (b)
($ in millions, except per share data; shares in thousands)	Approximate dollar value		Number of shares	Beginning of period	End of period
2022
First quarter	$	584	12,548	337,941	327,306	$	0.30
Second quarter	600		15,031	327,306	312,781	0.30
Third quarter	415		12,468	312,781	300,335	0.30
Fourth quarter	51		1,731	300,335	299,324	0.30
2023
First quarter	$	27	836	299,324	300,821	$	0.30
Second quarter	2		58	300,821	301,619	0.30

(a)Includes shares of common stock withheld to cover income taxes owed by participants in our share-based incentive plans.

(b)On July 17, 2023, our Board declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.30 per share on all common stock, payable on August 15, 2023, to stockholders of record at the close of business on August 1, 2023. Refer to Note 24 for further information regarding this common-stock dividend.

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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

We enter into derivative instruments, which may include interest rate swaps, foreign-currency forwards, equity options, and interest rate options, in connection with our risk-management activities. Our primary objective for using derivative financial instruments is to manage interest rate risk associated with our fixed-rate and variable-rate assets and liabilities, foreign exchange risks related to our net investments in foreign subsidiaries, as well as foreign-currency denominated assets and liabilities, and other market risks related to our investment portfolio.

Interest Rate Risk

We monitor our mix of fixed-rate and variable-rate assets and liabilities and may enter into interest rate swaps, forwards, and options to achieve our desired mix of fixed-rate and variable-rate assets and liabilities. We execute these trades to modify our exposure to interest rate risk by converting certain fixed-rate instruments to a variable-rate and certain variable-rate instruments to a fixed-rate. We use a mix of both derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting treatment and economic hedges that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment.

Derivatives qualifying for hedge accounting treatment can include receive-fixed swaps designated as fair value hedges of specific fixed-rate unsecured debt obligations, receive-fixed swaps designated as fair value hedges of specific fixed-rate FHLB advances, pay-fixed swaps designated as fair value hedges of securities within our available-for-sale portfolio, and pay-fixed swaps designated as fair value hedges of fixed-rate held-for-investment consumer automotive loan assets. Other derivatives qualifying for hedge accounting consist of interest rate floor contracts designated as cash flow hedges of the expected future cash flows in the form of interest receipts on a portion of our dealer floorplan commercial loans.

We have the ability to execute economic hedges, which could consist of interest rate swaps, interest rate caps, forwards, and options to mitigate interest rate risk.

We also enter into interest rate lock commitments and forward commitments that are executed as part of our mortgage business that meet the accounting definition of a derivative.

Foreign Exchange Risk

We enter into derivative financial instrument contracts to mitigate the risk associated with variability in cash flows related to our various foreign-currency exposures.

We enter into foreign-currency forwards with external counterparties as net investment hedges of foreign exchange exposure on our investment in foreign subsidiaries. Our equity is impacted by the cumulative translation adjustments resulting from the translation of foreign subsidiary results; this impact is reflected in our accumulated other comprehensive income. We also periodically enter into foreign-currency forwards to economically hedge any foreign-denominated debt, centralized lending, and foreign-denominated third-party loans. These foreign-currency forwards used as economic hedges are recorded at fair value with changes recorded as income or expense offsetting the gains and losses on the associated foreign-currency transactions.

Investment Risk

We enter into equity options to mitigate the risk associated with our exposure to the equity markets.

Credit Risk

We enter into various retail automotive-loan purchase agreements with certain counterparties. As part of those agreements, we may withhold a portion of the purchase price from the counterparty and be required to pay the counterparty all or part of the amount withheld at agreed upon measurement dates and determinable amounts if actual credit performance of the acquired loans on the measurement date is better than or equal to what was estimated at the time of acquisition. Based upon these terms, these contracts meet the accounting definition of a derivative.

Counterparty Credit Risk

Derivative financial instruments contain an element of credit risk if counterparties are unable to meet the terms of the agreements. Credit risk associated with derivative financial instruments is measured as the net replacement cost should the counterparties that owe us under the contract completely fail to perform under the terms of those contracts, assuming no recoveries of underlying collateral as measured by the market value of the derivative financial instrument.

We manage our risk to financial counterparties through internal credit analysis, limits, and monitoring. Additionally, derivatives and repurchase agreements are entered into with approved counterparties using industry standard agreements.

We execute certain OTC derivatives, such as interest rate caps and floors, using bilateral agreements with financial counterparties. Bilateral agreements generally require both parties to post collateral in the event the fair values of the derivative financial instruments meet posting thresholds established under the agreements. If either party defaults on the obligation, the secured party may seize the collateral. Payments related to the exchange of collateral for OTC derivatives are recognized as collateral.

We also execute certain derivatives, such as interest rate swaps, with clearinghouses, which require us to post and receive collateral. For these clearinghouse derivatives, these payments are recognized as settlements rather than collateral.

Certain derivative instruments contain provisions that require us to either post additional collateral or immediately settle any outstanding liability balances upon the occurrence of a specified credit-risk-related event. No such specified credit-risk-related events occurred during the six months ended June 30, 2023, or 2022.

We placed noncash collateral totaling $678 million, supporting our derivative positions at June 30, 2023, compared to $2 million and $384 million of cash and noncash collateral at December 31, 2022, respectively, in accounts maintained by counterparties. These amounts include noncash collateral placed at clearinghouses and exclude cash and noncash collateral pledged under repurchase agreements. The receivables for cash collateral placed are included on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet in other assets. We granted our counterparties the right to sell or pledge the noncash collateral.

We received cash collateral from counterparties totaling $29 million and $23 million in accounts maintained by counterparties at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. These amounts exclude cash and noncash collateral pledged under repurchase agreements. The payables for cash collateral received are included on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet in accrued expenses and other liabilities.

Balance Sheet Presentation

The following table summarizes the amounts of derivative instruments reported on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The amounts are presented on a gross basis, are segregated by derivatives that are designated and qualifying as hedging instruments or those that are not, and are further segregated by type of contract within those two categories.

Derivative contracts in a receivable and payable position exclude open trade equity on derivatives cleared through central clearing counterparties. Any associated margin exchanged with our central clearing counterparties are treated as settlements of the derivative exposure, rather than collateral. Such payments are recognized as settlements of the derivatives contracts in a receivable and payable position on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Notional amounts are reference amounts from which contractual obligations are derived and are not recorded on the balance sheet. In our view, derivative notional is not an accurate measure of our derivative exposure when viewed in isolation from other factors, such as market rate fluctuations and counterparty credit risk.

	June 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Derivative contracts in a				Notional amount		Derivative contracts in a				Notional amount
($ in millions)	receivable position		payable position				receivable position		payable position
Derivatives designated as accounting hedges
Interest rate contracts
Swaps	$	—	$	—	$	38,674	$	—	$	—	$	30,619
Purchased options	32		—		6,000		22		—		2,800
Foreign exchange contracts
Forwards	—		—		163		—		1		151
Total derivatives designated as accounting hedges	32		—		44,837		22		1		33,570
Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges
Interest rate contracts
Futures and forwards	1		—		99		—		—		37
Written options	1		—		126		—		—		79
Total interest rate risk	2		—		225		—		—		116
Foreign exchange contracts
Futures and forwards	—		—		58		—		1		147
Total foreign exchange risk	—		—		58		—		1		147
Credit contracts (a)
Other credit derivatives	—		19		n/a		—		39		n/a
Total credit risk	—		19		n/a		—		39		n/a
Equity contracts
Written options	—		3		—		—		1		—
Purchased options	1		—		—		1		—		—
Total equity risk	1		3		—		1		1		—
Total derivatives not designated as accounting hedges	3		22		283		1		41		263
Total derivatives	$	35	$	22	$	45,120	$	23	$	42	$	33,833

n/a = not applicable

(a)The maximum potential amount of undiscounted future payments that could be required under these credit derivatives was $47 million and $82 million as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The following table presents amounts recorded on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges.

	Carrying amount of the hedged items				Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustment included in the carrying amount of the hedged items
					Total				Discontinued (a)
($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets
Available-for-sale securities (b)	$	14,840	$	11,265	$	(277)	$	(180)	$	(173)	$	(181)
Finance receivables and loans, net (c)	46,875		46,390		(432)		(617)		(38)		(57)
Liabilities
Long-term debt	$	7,722	$	7,697	$	105	$	112	$	105	$	120

(a)Represents the fair value hedging adjustment on qualifying hedges for which the hedging relationship was discontinued. This represents a subset of the amounts reported in the total hedging adjustment.

(b)These amounts include the amortized cost basis and unallocated basis adjustments of closed portfolios of available-for-sale securities used to designate hedging relationships in which the hedged item is the stated amount of assets in the closed portfolios anticipated to be outstanding for the designated hedge period. At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the amortized cost basis and unallocated basis adjustments of the closed portfolios used in these hedging relationships was $13.4 billion and $10.0 billion, respectively, of which $13.1 billion and $9.7 billion, respectively, represents the amortized cost basis and unallocated basis adjustments of closed portfolios designated in an active hedge relationship. At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the total cumulative basis adjustments associated with these hedging relationships was a $219 million liability and a $135 million liability, respectively, of which the portion related to discontinued hedging relationships was a $133 million liability and a $138 million liability, respectively. At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the notional amounts of the designated hedged items were $10.5 billion and $4.0 billion, respectively, with cumulative basis adjustments of a $86 million liability and a $3 million asset, respectively, which would be allocated across the entire remaining closed pool upon termination or maturity of the hedge relationship. Refer to Note 6 for a reconciliation of the amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale securities.

(c)These amounts include the carrying value of closed portfolios of loan receivables used to designate hedging relationships in which the hedged item is the stated amount of assets in the closed portfolios anticipated to be outstanding for the designated hedge period. At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the carrying value of the closed portfolios used in these hedging relationships was $46.9 billion and $46.4 billion, respectively, of which $41.9 billion and $46.1 billion, respectively, represents the carrying value of closed portfolios designated in an active hedge relationship. At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the total cumulative basis adjustments associated with these hedging relationships was a $432 million liability and a $617 million liability, respectively, of which the portion related to discontinued hedging relationships was a $38 million liability and a $57 million liability, respectively. At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the notional amounts of the designated hedged items were $26.8 billion and $22.8 billion, respectively, with cumulative basis adjustments of a $394 million liability and a $560 million liability, respectively, which would be allocated across the entire remaining closed pool upon termination or maturity of the hedge relationship.

Statement of Income Presentation

The following table summarizes the location and amounts of gains and losses on derivative instruments not designated as accounting hedges reported in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Gain (loss) recognized in earnings
Interest rate contracts
Gain on mortgage and automotive loans, net	$	4	$	3	$	9	$	1
Other income, net of losses	—		3		—		6
Total interest rate contracts	4		6		9		7
Foreign exchange contracts
Other operating expenses	(1)		5		—		2
Total foreign exchange contracts	(1)		5		—		2
Credit contracts
Other income, net of losses	—		(1)		(5)		(2)
Total credit contracts	—		(1)		(5)		(2)
Equity contracts
Other income, net of losses	(3)		—		(7)		—
Total equity contracts	(3)		—		(7)		—
Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings	$	—	$	10	$	(3)	$	7

The following tables summarize the location and amounts of gains and losses on derivative instruments designated as qualifying fair value and cash flow hedges reported in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

	Interest and fees on finance receivables and loans				Interest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assets				Interest on long-term debt
Three months ended June 30, ($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships
Interest rate contracts
Hedged fixed-rate unsecured debt	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	6
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments on fixed-rate unsecured debt	—		—		—		—		—		(6)
Hedged available-for-sale securities	—		—		(238)		(47)		—		—
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments on available-for-sale securities	—		—		238		47		—		—
Hedged fixed-rate consumer automotive loans	(39)		(149)		—		—		—		—
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments on fixed-rate consumer automotive loans	39		149		—		—		—		—
Total gain on fair value hedging relationships	—		—		—		—		—		—
Gain on cash flow hedging relationships
Interest rate contracts
Hedged variable-rate commercial loans
Reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income	5		5		—		—		—		—
Total gain on cash flow hedging relationships	$	5	$	5	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total amounts presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income	$	2,721	$	1,842	$	247	$	203	$	252	$	184

	Interest and fees on finance receivables and loans				Interest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assets				Interest on long-term debt
Six months ended June 30, ($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships
Interest rate contracts
Hedged fixed-rate unsecured debt	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1	$	4
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments on fixed-rate unsecured debt	—		—		—		—		(1)		(4)
Hedged available-for-sale securities	—		—		(108)		(89)		—		—
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments on available-for-sale securities	—		—		108		89		—		—
Hedged fixed-rate consumer automotive loans	166		(453)		—		—		—		—
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments on fixed-rate consumer automotive loans	(166)		453		—		—		—		—
Total gain on fair value hedging relationships	—		—		—		—		—		—
Gain on cash flow hedging relationships
Interest rate contracts
Hedged variable-rate commercial loans
Reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income	10		11		—		—		—		—
Total gain on cash flow hedging relationships	$	10	$	11	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total amounts presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income	$	5,296	$	3,556	$	485	$	391	$	479	$	369

During the next 12 months, we estimate $1 million of gains will be reclassified into pretax earnings from derivatives designated as cash flow hedges.

The following tables summarize the location and amounts of gains and losses related to interest and amortization on derivative instruments designated as qualifying fair value and cash flow hedges reported in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

	Interest and fees on finance receivables and loans				Interest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assets				Interest on long-term debt
Three months ended June 30, ($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships
Interest rate contracts
Amortization of deferred unsecured debt basis adjustments	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2	$	1
Interest for qualifying accounting hedges of unsecured debt	—		—		—		—		—		1
Amortization of deferred secured debt basis adjustments (FHLB advances)	—		—		—		—		—		(1)
Amortization of deferred basis adjustments of available-for-sale securities	—		—		6		4		—		—
Interest for qualifying accounting hedges of available-for-sale securities	—		—		27		—		—		—
Amortization of deferred loan basis adjustments	8		(2)		—		—		—		—
Interest for qualifying accounting hedges of consumer automotive loans held for investment	189		(5)		—		—		—		—
Total gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships	$	197	$	(7)	$	33	$	4	$	2	$	1

	Interest and fees on finance receivables and loans				Interest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assets				Interest on long-term debt
Six months ended June 30, ($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships
Interest rate contracts
Amortization of deferred unsecured debt basis adjustments	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	4	$	2
Interest for qualifying accounting hedges of unsecured debt	—		—		—		—		—		1
Amortization of deferred secured debt basis adjustments (FHLB advances)	—		—		—		—		1		(2)
Amortization of deferred basis adjustments of available-for-sale securities	—		—		11		5		—		—
Interest for qualifying accounting hedges of available-for-sale securities	—		—		40		(1)		—		—
Amortization of deferred loan basis adjustments	18		(11)		—		—		—		—
Interest for qualifying accounting hedges of consumer automotive loans held for investment	351		(23)		—		—		—		—
Total gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships	$	369	$	(34)	$	51	$	4	$	5	$	1

The following table summarizes the effect of cash flow hedges on accumulated other comprehensive loss.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Interest rate contracts
Loss recognized in other comprehensive (loss) income	$	(27)	$	(5)	$	(28)	$	(11)

The following table summarizes the effect of net investment hedges on accumulated other comprehensive loss.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Foreign exchange contracts (a) (b)
(Loss) gain recognized in other comprehensive (loss) income	$	(3)	$	4	$	(3)	$	1

(a)There were no amounts excluded from effectiveness testing for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, or 2022.

(b)Gains and losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss are reported as other income, net of losses, in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. There were no amounts reclassified for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, or 2022.

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Income Taxes

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

We recognized total income tax expense from continuing operations of $74 million and $142 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to income tax expense of $152 million and $343 million for the same periods in 2022. The decreases in income tax expense for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same periods in 2022, were primarily due to the tax effects of a decrease in pretax earnings and an increase in qualified clean vehicle tax credits for purchased plug-in electric vehicles or fuel cell vehicles.

As of each reporting date, we consider existing evidence, both positive and negative, that could impact our view with regard to future realization of deferred tax assets. We continue to believe it is more likely than not that the benefit for certain foreign tax credit carryforwards and state net operating loss carryforwards will not be realized. In recognition of this risk, we continue to provide a partial valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets relating to these carryforwards and it is reasonably possible that the valuation allowance may change in the next 12 months.

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Fair Value

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value

Fair Value

Fair Value Measurements

For purposes of this disclosure, fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. Fair value is based on the assumptions we believe market participants would use when pricing an asset or liability. Additionally, entities are required to consider all aspects of nonperformance risk, including the entity’s own credit standing, when measuring the fair value of a liability.

U.S. GAAP specifies a three-level hierarchy that is used when measuring and disclosing fair value. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices available in active markets (i.e., observable inputs) and the lowest priority to data lacking transparency (i.e., unobservable inputs). An instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of significant input to its valuation. The following is a description of the three hierarchy levels.

Level 1    Inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date. Additionally, the entity must have the ability to access the active market, and the quoted prices cannot be adjusted by the entity.

Level 2    Inputs are other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in inactive markets for identical or similar assets or liabilities; or inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3    Unobservable inputs are supported by little or no market activity. The unobservable inputs represent management’s best assumptions of how market participants would price the assets or liabilities. Generally, Level 3 assets and liabilities are valued using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques that require significant judgment or estimation.

Judgment is used in estimating inputs to our internal valuation models used to estimate our Level 3 fair value measurements. Level 3 inputs such as interest rate movements, prepayment speeds, credit losses, and discount rates are inherently difficult to estimate. Changes to these inputs can have a significant effect on fair value measurements and amounts that could be realized.

The following are descriptions of the valuation methodologies used to measure material assets and liabilities at fair value and details of the valuation models, key inputs to those models, and significant assumptions utilized.

•Equity securities — We hold various marketable equity securities measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. Measurements based on observable market prices are classified as Level 1.

•Available-for-sale securities — We carry our available-for-sale securities at fair value based on external pricing sources. We classify our securities as Level 1 when fair value is determined using quoted prices available for the same instruments trading in

active markets. We classify our securities as Level 2 when fair value is determined using prices for similar instruments trading in active markets. We perform pricing validation procedures for our available-for-sale securities.

•Derivative instruments — We enter into a variety of derivative financial instruments as part of our risk-management strategies. Certain of these derivatives are exchange traded, such as equity options. To determine the fair value of these instruments, we utilize the quoted market prices for those particular derivative contracts; therefore, we classified these contracts as Level 1.

We also execute OTC and centrally cleared derivative contracts, such as interest rate swaps, foreign-currency denominated forward contracts, caps, floors, and agency to-be-announced securities. We utilize third-party-developed valuation models that are widely accepted in the market to value these derivative contracts. The specific terms of the contract and market observable inputs (such as interest rate forward curves, interpolated volatility assumptions, or equity pricing) are used in the model. We classified these derivative contracts as Level 2 because all significant inputs into these models were market observable.

We also enter into interest rate lock commitments and forward commitments that are executed as part of our mortgage business, certain of which meet the accounting definition of a derivative and therefore are recorded as derivatives on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Interest rate lock commitments are valued using internal pricing models with unobservable inputs, so they are classified as Level 3.

We purchase automotive finance receivables and loans from third parties as part of forward flow arrangements and, from time-to-time, execute opportunistic ad-hoc bulk purchases. As part of those agreements, we may withhold a portion of the purchase price from the counterparty and be required to pay the counterparty all or part of the amount withheld at agreed upon measurement dates and determinable amounts if actual credit performance of the acquired loans on the measurement date is better than or equal to what was estimated at the time of acquisition. Because these contracts meet the accounting definition of a derivative, we recognize a liability at fair value for these deferred purchase price payments. The fair value of these liabilities is determined using a discounted cash flow method. To estimate cash flows, we utilize various significant assumptions, including market observable inputs (for example, forward interest rates) and internally developed inputs (for example, prepayment speeds, delinquency levels, and expected credit losses). These liabilities are valued using internal loss models with unobservable inputs, and are classified as Level 3.

We are required to consider all aspects of nonperformance risk, including our own credit standing, when measuring fair value of derivative assets and liabilities. We reduce credit risk on the majority of our derivatives by entering into legally enforceable agreements that enable the posting and receiving of collateral associated with the fair value of our derivative positions on an ongoing basis. In the event that we do not enter into legally enforceable agreements that enable the posting and receiving of collateral, we will consider our credit risk in the valuation of derivative liabilities through a DVA and the credit risk of our counterparties in the valuation of derivative assets through a CVA, if warranted. When measuring these valuation adjustments, we generally use credit default swap spreads.

Recurring Fair Value

The following tables display the assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis including financial instruments elected for the fair value option. We often economically hedge the fair value change of our assets or liabilities with derivatives. The tables below display the hedges separately from the hedged items; therefore, they do not directly display the impact of our risk-management activities.

	Recurring fair value measurements
June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Investment securities
Equity securities (a) (b)	$	715	$	—	$	1	$	716
Available-for-sale securities
Debt securities
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	2,029		—		—		2,029
U.S. States and political subdivisions	—		660		5		665
Foreign government	46		122		—		168
Agency mortgage-backed residential	—		15,856		—		15,856
Mortgage-backed residential	—		4,143		—		4,143
Agency mortgage-backed commercial	—		3,684		—		3,684
Asset-backed	—		383		—		383
Corporate debt	—		1,736		—		1,736
Total available-for-sale securities	2,075		26,584		5		28,664
Mortgage loans held-for-sale (c)	—		36		—		36
Other assets
Derivative contracts in a receivable position
Interest rate	—		33		1		34
Equity	1		—		—		1
Total derivative contracts in a receivable position	1		33		1		35
Total assets	$	2,791	$	26,653	$	7	$	29,451
Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
Derivative contracts in a payable position
Credit	$	—	$	—	$	19	$	19
Equity	3		—		—		3
Total derivative contracts in a payable position	3		—		19		22
Total liabilities	$	3	$	—	$	19	$	22

(a)Our direct investment in any one industry did not exceed 17%.

(b)Excludes $43 million of equity securities that are measured at fair value using the net asset value practical expedient and therefore are not classified in the fair value hierarchy.

(c)Carried at fair value due to fair value option elections.

	Recurring fair value measurements
December 31, 2022 ($ in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Investment securities
Equity securities (a) (b)	$	642	$	—	$	1	$	643
Available-for-sale securities
Debt securities
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	2,016		—		—		2,016
U.S. States and political subdivisions	—		756		4		760
Foreign government	39		107		—		146
Agency mortgage-backed residential	—		16,633		—		16,633
Mortgage-backed residential	—		4,299		—		4,299
Agency mortgage-backed commercial	—		3,535		—		3,535
Asset-backed	—		433		—		433
Corporate debt	—		1,719		—		1,719
Total available-for-sale securities	2,055		27,482		4		29,541
Mortgage loans held-for-sale (c)	—		13		—		13
Finance receivables and loans, net
Consumer other (c)	—		—		3		3
Other assets
Derivative contracts in a receivable position
Interest rate	—		22		—		22
Equity	1		—		—		1
Total derivative contracts in a receivable position	1		22		—		23
Total assets	$	2,698	$	27,517	$	8	$	30,223
Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
Derivative contracts in a payable position
Foreign currency	$	—	$	2	$	—	$	2
Credit	—		—		39		39
Equity	1		—		—		1
Total derivative contracts in a payable position	1		2		39		42
Total liabilities	$	1	$	2	$	39	$	42

(a)Our direct investment in any one industry did not exceed 15%.

(b)Excludes $38 million of equity securities that are measured at fair value using the net asset value practical expedient and therefore are not classified in the fair value hierarchy.

(c)Carried at fair value due to fair value option elections.

The following tables present the reconciliation for all Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. We often economically hedge the fair value change of our assets or liabilities with derivatives and other financial instruments. The Level 3 items presented below may be hedged by derivatives and other financial instruments that are classified as Level 1 or Level 2. Thus, the following tables do not fully reflect the impact of our risk-management activities.

	Equity securities (a)				Available-for-sale securities				Finance receivables and loans, net (b)
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Assets
Fair value at April 1,	$	1	$	1	$	4	$	11	$	2	$	7
Net realized/unrealized gains
Included in earnings	—		1		—		—		—		—
Included in OCI	—		—		—		—		—		—
Purchases	—		—		1		1		—		4
Sales	—		—		—		—		—		—
Issuances	—		—		—		—		—		—
Settlements	—		—		—		—		(2)		(4)
Transfers into Level 3	—		—		—		—		—		—
Transfers out of Level 3	—		—		—		—		—		—
Fair value at June 30,	$	1	$	2	$	5	$	12	$	—	$	7
Net unrealized gains still held at June 30,
Included in earnings	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Included in OCI	—		—		—		—		—		—

(a)Net realized/unrealized gains are reported as other gain (loss) on investments, net, in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(b)Carried at fair value due to fair value option elections.

	Derivative liabilities, net of derivative assets (a)
($ in millions)	2023		2022
Liabilities
Fair value at April 1,	$	42	$	61
Net realized/unrealized (gains) losses
Included in earnings	(3)		(1)
Included in OCI	—		—
Purchases	—		—
Sales	—		—
Issuances	—		—
Settlements	(25)		(10)
Transfers into Level 3	—		—
Transfers out of Level 3 (b)	4		—
Fair value at June 30,	$	18	$	50
Net unrealized gains still held at June 30,
Included in earnings	$	(1)	$	(1)
Included in OCI	—		—

(a)Net realized/unrealized (gains) losses are reported as gain on mortgage and automotive loans, net, and other income, net of losses, in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(b)Represents the settlement value of interest rate derivative assets that are transferred to loans held-for-sale within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy during the three months ended June 30, 2023. This transfer is deemed to have occurred at the end of the reporting period.

	Equity securities (a)				Available-for-sale securities				Finance receivables and loans, net (b) (c)
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Assets
Fair value at January 1,	$	1	$	9	$	4	$	9	$	3	$	7
Net realized/unrealized gains (losses)
Included in earnings	—		2		—		—		—		(1)
Included in OCI	—		—		—		—		—		—
Purchases	—		—		1		3		—		8
Sales	—		(9)		—		—		—		—
Issuances	—		—		—		—		—		—
Settlements	—		—		—		—		(3)		(7)
Transfers into Level 3	—		—		—		—		—		—
Transfers out of Level 3	—		—		—		—		—		—
Fair value at June 30,	$	1	$	2	$	5	$	12	$	—	$	7
Net unrealized losses still held at June 30,
Included in earnings	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(1)
Included in OCI	—		—		—		—		—		—

(a)Net realized/unrealized gains are reported as other gain (loss) on investments, net, in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(b)Carried at fair value due to fair value option elections.

(c)Net realized/unrealized losses are reported as other income, net of losses, in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

	Derivative liabilities, net of derivative assets (a)
($ in millions)	2023		2022
Liabilities
Fair value at January 1,	$	39	$	53
Net realized/unrealized (gains) losses
Included in earnings	(3)		7
Included in OCI	—		—
Purchases	—		—
Sales	—		—
Issuances	—		—
Settlements	(25)		(10)
Transfers into Level 3	—		—
Transfers out of Level 3 (b)	7		—
Fair value at June 30,	$	18	$	50
Net unrealized gains still held at June 30,
Included in earnings	$	(1)	$	(4)
Included in OCI	—		—

(a)Net realized/unrealized (gains) losses are reported as gain on mortgage and automotive loans, net, and other income, net of losses, in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(b)Represents the settlement value of interest rate derivative assets that are transferred to loans held-for-sale within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy during the six months ended June 30, 2023. This transfer is deemed to have occurred at the end of the reporting period.

Nonrecurring Fair Value

We may be required to measure certain assets and liabilities at fair value from time to time. These periodic fair value measures typically result from the application of lower-of-cost or fair value accounting or certain impairment measures. These items would constitute nonrecurring fair value measures.

The following tables display assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and still held at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. The amounts are generally as of the end of each period presented, which approximate the fair value measurements that occurred during each period.

	Nonrecurring fair value measurements								Lower-of-cost-or-fair-value reserve, valuation reserve, or cumulative adjustments		Total gain (loss) included in earnings
June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Loans held-for-sale, net	$	—	$	—	$	261	$	261	$	—	n/m	(a)
Commercial finance receivables and loans, net (b)
Automotive	—		—		20		20		(5)		n/m	(a)
Other	—		—		101		101		(60)		n/m	(a)
Total commercial finance receivables and loans, net	—		—		121		121		(65)		n/m	(a)
Other assets
Nonmarketable equity investments	—		6		—		6		—		n/m	(a)
Repossessed and foreclosed assets (c)	—		—		11		11		(1)		n/m	(a)
Total assets	$	—	$	6	$	393	$	399	$	(66)	n/m

n/m = not meaningful

(a)We consider the applicable valuation allowance, allowance for loan losses, or cumulative adjustments to be the most relevant indicator of the impact on earnings caused by the fair value measurement. Accordingly, the table above excludes total gains and losses included in earnings for these items. The carrying values are inclusive of the respective valuation reserve, loan loss allowance, or cumulative adjustment.

(b)Represents collateral-dependent loans held for investment for which a nonrecurring measurement was made. The related allowance for loan losses represents the cumulative fair value adjustments for those specific receivables.

(c)The allowance provided for repossessed and foreclosed assets represents any cumulative valuation adjustment recognized to adjust the assets to fair value.

	Nonrecurring fair value measurements								Lower-of-cost-or-fair-value reserve, valuation reserve, or cumulative adjustments		Total gain (loss) included in earnings
December 31, 2022 ($ in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Loans held-for-sale, net	$	—	$	—	$	641	$	641	$	—	n/m	(a)
Commercial finance receivables and loans, net (b)
Automotive	—		—		3		3		—		n/m	(a)
Other	—		—		39		39		(89)		n/m	(a)
Total commercial finance receivables and loans, net	—		—		42		42		(89)		n/m	(a)
Other assets
Nonmarketable equity investments	—		—		12		12		3		n/m	(a)
Repossessed and foreclosed assets (c)	—		—		5		5		—		n/m	(a)
Total assets	$	—	$	—	$	700	$	700	$	(86)	n/m

n/m = not meaningful

(a)We consider the applicable valuation allowance, allowance for loan losses, or cumulative adjustments to be the most relevant indicator of the impact on earnings caused by the fair value measurement. Accordingly, the table above excludes total gains and losses included in earnings for these items. The carrying values are inclusive of the respective valuation reserve, loan loss allowance, or cumulative adjustment.

(b)Represents collateral-dependent loans held for investment for which a nonrecurring measurement was made. The related allowance for loan losses represents the cumulative fair value adjustments for those specific receivables.

(c)The allowance provided for repossessed and foreclosed assets represents any cumulative valuation adjustment recognized to adjust the assets to fair value.

Fair Value Option for Financial Assets

We elected the fair value option for an insignificant amount of conforming mortgage loans held-for-sale and certain personal lending finance receivables. We elected the fair value option for conforming mortgage loans held-for-sale to mitigate earnings volatility by better matching the accounting for the assets with the related derivatives. We elected the fair value option for certain personal lending finance receivables to mitigate the complexities of recording these loans at amortized cost. Our intent in electing fair value measurement was to mitigate a divergence between accounting gains or losses and economic exposure for certain assets and liabilities.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following table presents the carrying and estimated fair value of financial instruments, except for those recorded at fair value on a recurring basis presented in the previous section of this note titled Recurring Fair Value. When possible, we use quoted market prices to determine fair value. Where quoted market prices are not available, the fair value is internally derived based on appropriate valuation methodologies with respect to the amount and timing of future cash flows and estimated discount rates. However, considerable judgment is required in interpreting current market data to develop the market assumptions and inputs necessary to estimate fair value. As such, the actual amount received to sell an asset or the amount paid to settle a liability could differ from our estimates. Fair value information presented herein was based on information available at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

			Estimated fair value
($ in millions)	Carrying value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
June 30, 2023
Financial assets
Held-to-maturity securities	$	1,030	$	—	$	850	$	—	$	850
Loans held-for-sale, net	261		—		—		261		261
Finance receivables and loans, net	134,668		—		—		135,779		135,779
FHLB/FRB stock (a)	754		—		754		—		754
Financial liabilities
Deposit liabilities	$	55,309	$	—	$	—	$	55,053	$	55,053
Short-term borrowings	2,194		—		—		2,234		2,234
Long-term debt	20,141		—		13,850		6,679		20,529
December 31, 2022
Financial assets
Held-to-maturity securities	$	1,062	$	—	$	884	$	—	$	884
Loans held-for-sale, net	641		—		—		641		641
Finance receivables and loans, net	132,034		—		—		133,856		133,856
FHLB/FRB stock (a)	719		—		719		—		719
Financial liabilities
Deposit liabilities	$	42,336	$	—	$	—	$	41,909	$	41,909
Short-term borrowings	2,399		—		—		2,417		2,417
Long-term debt	17,762		—		12,989		5,263		18,252

(a)Included in other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

In addition to the financial instruments presented in the above table, we have various financial instruments for which the carrying value approximates the fair value due to their short-term nature and limited credit risk. These instruments include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, cash collateral, accrued interest receivable, accrued interest payable, trade receivables and payables, and other short-term receivables and payables. Included in cash and cash equivalents are highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value due to interest rate, quoted price, or penalty on withdrawal. Classified as Level 1 under the fair value hierarchy, cash and cash equivalents generally expose us to limited credit risk and are so near maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.

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Offsetting Assets and Liabilities

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Offsetting [Abstract]

Offsetting Assets and Liabilities

Offsetting Assets and LiabilitiesOur derivative contracts and repurchase/reverse repurchase transactions are generally supported by qualifying master netting and master repurchase agreements. These agreements are legally enforceable bilateral agreements that (i) create a single legal obligation for all individual transactions covered by the agreement to the nondefaulting entity upon an event of default of the counterparty, including bankruptcy, insolvency, or similar proceeding, and (ii) provide the nondefaulting entity the right to accelerate, terminate, and close-out on a net basis all transactions under the agreement and to liquidate or set off collateral promptly upon an event of default of the counterparty.

To further mitigate the risk of counterparty default related to derivative instruments, we maintain collateral agreements with certain counterparties. The agreements require both parties to maintain collateral in the event the fair values of the derivative financial instruments meet established thresholds. In the event that either party defaults on the obligation, the secured party may seize the collateral. Generally, our collateral arrangements are bilateral such that we and the counterparty post collateral for the obligation. Contractual terms provide for standard and customary exchange of collateral based on changes in the market value of the outstanding derivatives. A party posts additional collateral when their obligation rises or removes collateral when it falls, such that the net replacement cost of the nondefaulting party is covered in the event of counterparty default.

In certain instances, as it relates to our derivative instruments, we have the option to report derivative assets and liabilities as well as assets and liabilities associated with cash collateral received or delivered that is governed by a master netting agreement on a net basis as long as certain qualifying criteria are met. Similarly, for our repurchase/reverse repurchase transactions, we have the option to report recognized assets and liabilities subject to a master netting agreement on a net basis if certain qualifying criteria are met. At June 30, 2023, these instruments are reported as gross assets and gross liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. For additional information on derivative instruments and hedging activities, refer to Note 18.

The composition of offsetting derivative instruments, financial assets, and financial liabilities was as follows.

	Gross amounts of recognized assets/liabilities		Gross amounts offset on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet		Net amounts of assets/liabilities presented on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet		Gross amounts not offset on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet
($ in millions)							Financial instruments		Collateral (a) (b) (c)		Net amount
June 30, 2023
Assets
Derivative assets (d)	35		—		35		(1)		(29)		5
Total assets	$	35	$	—	$	35	$	(1)	$	(29)	$	5
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities (e)	22		—		22		(1)		(2)		19
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (f)	994		—		994		—		(994)		—
Total liabilities	$	1,016	$	—	$	1,016	$	(1)	$	(996)	$	19
December 31, 2022
Assets
Derivative assets	$	23	$	—	$	23	$	(1)	$	(22)	$	—
Total assets	$	23	$	—	$	23	$	(1)	$	(22)	$	—
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities (e)	$	42	$	—	$	42	$	(1)	$	(1)	$	40
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (f)	499		—		499		—		(499)		—
Total liabilities	$	541	$	—	$	541	$	(1)	$	(500)	$	40

(a)Financial collateral received/pledged shown as a balance based on the sum of all net asset and liability positions between Ally and each individual derivative counterparty.

(b)Amounts disclosed are limited to the financial asset or liability balance and, accordingly, exclude excess collateral received or pledged and noncash collateral received. We do not record noncash collateral received on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet unless certain conditions are met.

(c)Certain agreements grant us the right to sell or pledge the noncash assets we receive as collateral. We have not sold or pledged any of the noncash collateral received under these agreements.

(d)Includes derivative assets with no offsetting arrangements of $2 million as of June 30, 2023.

(e)Includes derivative liabilities with no offsetting arrangements of $19 million and $39 million as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

(f)For additional information on securities sold under agreements to repurchase, refer to Note 12.

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Segment Information

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

Segment Information

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise that engage in business activity from which revenues are earned and expenses incurred for which discrete financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by our chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.

We report our results of operations on a business-line basis through four operating segments: Automotive Finance operations, Insurance operations, Mortgage Finance operations, and Corporate Finance operations, with the remaining activity reported in Corporate and Other. The

operating segments are determined based on the products and services offered, and reflect the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by management. The following is a description of each of our reportable operating segments.

Dealer Financial Services

Dealer Financial Services comprises the following two segments.

•Automotive Finance operations — One of the largest full-service automotive finance operations in the United States providing automotive financing services to consumers, automotive dealers and retailers, companies, and municipalities. Our automotive finance services include providing retail installment sales contracts, loans and operating leases, offering term loans to dealers, financing dealer floorplans and other lines of credit to dealers, warehouse lines to automotive retailers, fleet financing, providing financing to companies and municipalities for the purchase or lease of vehicles, and vehicle-remarketing services.

•Insurance operations — A complementary automotive-focused business offering both consumer finance protection and insurance products sold primarily through the automotive dealer channel, and commercial insurance products sold directly to dealers. As part of our focus on offering dealers a broad range of consumer financial and insurance products, we provide VSCs, VMCs, and GAP products. We also underwrite select commercial insurance coverages, which primarily insure dealers’ vehicle inventory.

Mortgage Finance operations

Our held-for-investment portfolio includes our direct-to-consumer Ally Home mortgage offering and bulk purchases of high-quality jumbo and LMI mortgage loans originated by third parties. Through our direct-to-consumer channel, we offer a variety of competitively priced jumbo and conforming fixed- and adjustable-rate mortgage products through a third party. Through the bulk loan channel, we purchase loans from several qualified sellers on a servicing-released basis, allowing us to directly oversee servicing activities and manage refinancing through our direct-to-consumer channel.

Corporate Finance operations

Our Corporate Finance operations provide senior secured leveraged asset-based and cash flow loans to mostly U.S.-based middle-market companies, with a focus on businesses owned by private equity sponsors. These loans are typically used for leveraged buyouts, refinancing and recapitalizations, mergers and acquisitions, growth, turnarounds, and debtor-in-possession financings. We also provide, through our Lender Finance business, nonbank wholesale-funded managers with partial funding for their direct-lending activities, which is principally leveraged loans. Additionally, we offer a commercial real estate product, currently focused on lending to skilled nursing facilities, senior housing, and medical office buildings.

Corporate and Other

Corporate and Other primarily consists of centralized corporate treasury activities, such as management of the cash and corporate investment securities and loan portfolios, short- and long-term debt, retail and brokered deposit liabilities, derivative instruments, original issue discount, and the residual impacts of our corporate FTP and treasury ALM activities. Corporate and Other also includes certain equity investments, which primarily consist of FHLB and FRB stock—as well as other equity investments through Ally Ventures, our strategic investment business—and the management of our legacy mortgage portfolio, which primarily consists of loans originated prior to January 1, 2009, and reclassifications and eliminations between the reportable operating segments. Financial results related to Ally Invest, our digital brokerage and wealth management offering, Ally Lending, our point-of-sale financing business, Ally Credit Card, and CRA loans and investments are also included within Corporate and Other.

We utilize an FTP methodology for the majority of our business operations. The FTP methodology assigns charge rates and credit rates to classes of assets and liabilities on a match funded basis, aligned with the expected duration and the benchmark rate curve plus an assumed credit spread. Match funding allocates interest income and interest expense to these reportable segments so their respective results are insulated from interest rate risk. This methodology is consistent with our ALM practices, which includes managing interest rate risk centrally at a corporate level. The net residual impact of the FTP methodology is included within the results of Corporate and Other.

The information presented in our reportable operating segments is based in part on internal allocations and methodologies, including a COH methodology, which involves management judgment. COH methodology is used for measuring the profit and loss of our reportable operating segments. We have various enterprise functions, such as technology, marketing, finance, compliance, internal audit, and risk. Operating expenses from the enterprise functions are either directly allocated to the reportable operating segment, indirectly allocated to the reportable operating segment utilizing the COH methodology, or remain in Corporate and Other. COH methodology considers the reportable operating segment expense base and enterprise function expenses. The reportable operating segment expense base is used to determine the allocation mix. This mix is applied to the allocable expenses in Corporate and Other to determine the COH for the respective reportable operating segment. Allocable enterprise function costs are primarily technology and marketing expenses. Generally, costs that remain within Corporate and Other that are not allocated to our reportable operating segments include marketing sponsorships, treasury and other corporate activities, and charitable contributions.

Financial information for our reportable operating segments is summarized as follows.

Three months ended June 30, ($ in millions)	Automotive Finance operations		Insurance operations		Mortgage Finance operations		Corporate Finance operations		Corporate and Other		Consolidated (a)
2023
Net financing revenue and other interest income	$	1,349	$	29	$	53	$	92	$	50	$	1,573
Other revenue	83		337		5		28		53		506
Total net revenue	1,432		366		58		120		103		2,079
Provision for credit losses	331		—		—		15		81		427
Total noninterest expense	600		358		37		33		221		1,249
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense	$	501	$	8	$	21	$	72	$	(199)	$	403
Total assets	$	113,757	$	8,890	$	18,997	$	10,190	$	45,407	$	197,241
2022
Net financing revenue and other interest income	$	1,301	$	20	$	56	$	77	$	310	$	1,764
Other revenue	72		158		4		19		59		312
Total net revenue	1,373		178		60		96		369		2,076
Provision for credit losses	228		—		—		8		68		304
Total noninterest expense	545		300		54		28		211		1,138
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense	$	600	$	(122)	$	6	$	60	$	90	$	634
Total assets	$	107,178	$	8,819	$	19,126	$	8,890	$	41,690	$	185,703

(a)Net financing revenue and other interest income after the provision for credit losses totaled $1.1 billion and $1.5 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

Six months ended June 30, ($ in millions)	Automotive Finance operations		Insurance operations		Mortgage Finance operations		Corporate Finance operations		Corporate and Other		Consolidated (a)
2023
Net financing revenue and other interest income	$	2,671	$	55	$	107	$	195	$	147	$	3,175
Other revenue	160		718		9		57		60		1,004
Total net revenue	2,831		773		116		252		207		4,179
Provision for credit losses	682		—		(1)		30		162		873
Total noninterest expense	1,206		673		75		78		483		2,515
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense	$	943	$	100	$	42	$	144	$	(438)	$	791
Total assets	$	113,757	$	8,890	$	18,997	$	10,190	$	45,407	$	197,241
2022
Net financing revenue and other interest income	$	2,596	$	37	$	109	$	160	$	555	$	3,457
Other revenue	140		428		18		43		125		754
Total net revenue	2,736		465		127		203		680		4,211
Provision for credit losses	332		—		—		14		125		471
Total noninterest expense	1,079		574		110		65		432		2,260
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense	$	1,325	$	(109)	$	17	$	124	$	123	$	1,480
Total assets	$	107,178	$	8,819	$	19,126	$	8,890	$	41,690	$	185,703

(a)Net financing revenue and other interest income after the provision for credit losses totaled $2.3 billion and $3.0 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

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Contingencies and Other Risks

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Loss Contingency [Abstract]

Contingencies and Other Risks

Contingencies and Other Risks

As a financial-services company, we are regularly involved in pending or threatened legal proceedings and other matters and are or may be subject to potential liability in connection with them. These legal matters may be formal or informal and include litigation and arbitration with one or more identified claimants, certified or purported class actions with yet-to-be-identified claimants, and regulatory or other governmental information-gathering requests, examinations, investigations, and enforcement proceedings. Our legal matters exist in varying stages of adjudication, arbitration, negotiation, or investigation and span our business lines and operations. Claims may be based in law or equity—such as those arising under contracts or in tort and those involving banking, consumer-protection, securities, tax, employment, and other laws—and some can present novel legal theories and allege substantial or indeterminate damages.

Ally and its subsidiaries, including Ally Bank, also are or may be subject to potential liability under other contingent exposures, including indemnification, tax, self-insurance, and other miscellaneous contingencies.

We accrue for a legal matter or other contingent exposure when a loss becomes probable and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Accruals are evaluated each quarter and may be adjusted, upward or downward, based on our best judgment after consultation with counsel. No assurance exists that our accruals will not need to be adjusted in the future. When a probable or reasonably possible loss on a legal matter or other contingent exposure could be material to our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows, we provide disclosure in this note as prescribed by ASC Topic 450, Contingencies. Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information related to our policy for establishing accruals.

The course and outcome of legal matters are inherently unpredictable. This is especially so when a matter is still in its early stages, the damages sought are indeterminate or unsupported, significant facts are unclear or disputed, novel questions of law or other meaningful legal uncertainties exist, a request to certify a proceeding as a class action is outstanding or granted, multiple parties are named, or regulatory or other governmental entities are involved. Other contingent exposures and their ultimate resolution are similarly unpredictable for reasons that can vary based on the circumstances.

As a result, we often are unable to determine how or when threatened or pending legal matters and other contingent exposures will be resolved and what losses may be incrementally and ultimately incurred. Actual losses may be higher or lower than any amounts accrued or estimated for those matters and other exposures, possibly to a significant degree.

Subject to the foregoing, based on our current knowledge and after consultation with counsel, we do not believe that the ultimate outcomes of currently threatened or pending legal matters and other contingent exposures are likely to be material to our consolidated financial condition after taking into account existing accruals. In light of the uncertainties inherent in these matters and other exposures, however, one or more of them could be material to our results of operations or cash flows during a particular reporting period, depending on factors such as the amount of the loss or liability and the level of our income for that period.

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Subsequent Events

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events

Declaration of Common Dividend

On July 17, 2023, our Board declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.30 per share on all common stock. The dividend is payable on August 15, 2023, to stockholders of record at the close of business on August 1, 2023.

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Description of Business, Basis of Presentation, and Changes in Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Our accounting and reporting policies conform to U.S. GAAP. Additionally, where applicable, the policies conform to the accounting and reporting guidelines prescribed by bank regulatory authorities. Certain reclassifications may have been made to the prior periods’ financial statements and notes to conform to the current period’s presentation, which did not have a material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and that affect income and expenses during the reporting period and related disclosures. In developing the estimates and assumptions, management uses all available evidence; however, actual results could differ because of uncertainties associated with estimating the amounts, timing, and likelihood of possible outcomes. Our most significant estimates pertain to the allowance for loan losses, valuations of automotive lease assets and residuals, fair value of financial instruments, and the determination of the provision for income taxes.

Finance Receivables and Loans

Finance Receivables and Loans

On January 1, 2023, we implemented ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. This guidance eliminates the concept of TDRs and adds new disclosure requirements related to loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty and gross charge-offs. We implemented the ASU on a prospective basis, which results in certain aspects of our accounting policies changing for the current year. For significant accounting policy information related to the accounting and reporting of TDRs, for which comparative period information is presented, refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Modifications of Loans with Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

We may provide a modification to a borrower who is experiencing financial difficulty if we believe they have the ability and are willing to repay their loan. The type of modification granted will vary depending on our credit risk management practices, as well as the borrower’s financial condition and the characteristics of the loan, including the unpaid balance, the underlying collateral, and the number or types of previous modifications granted. Modifications that we make subject to these requirements include payment extensions, principal forgiveness, and/or interest rate concessions. These modifications generally reduce the borrower’s periodic payment amount. The following is a description of each of these types of modifications.

•Payment extensions — Payment extensions include both payment deferrals and contractual maturity extensions. Deferral arrangements allow borrowers to delay a scheduled loan payment to a later date. Deferred loan payments do not affect the original contractual terms of the loan and the contractual maturity date of the loan remains unchanged. Deferrals also include certain forbearance agreements. Within the commercial loan portfolio, deferrals primarily reflect a deferral of interest payments. Under a contractual maturity extension agreement, the last payment date is extended to a future date, contractually lengthening the remaining term of the original loan.

•Principal forgiveness — Under principal forgiveness, the outstanding principal balance of a loan is reduced by a specified amount. Principal forgiveness may occur voluntarily as part of a negotiated agreement with a borrower, or involuntarily through a bankruptcy proceeding. Under these involuntary instances, the bankruptcy court in a Chapter 11 or 13 proceeding may order us to reduce the outstanding principal balance of the loan to a specified amount.

•Interest rate concessions — Interest rate concessions adjust the contractual interest rate of the loan to a rate that is not consistent with a market rate for a customer with similar credit risk.

•Combination — Combination includes loans that have undergone multiple of the above loan modification types. This primarily includes rewritten loans where we grant an interest rate concession and a contractual maturity extension.

Significant judgment is required to determine if a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. These considerations vary by portfolio class. In all cases, the cumulative impacts of all modifications made within the 12-month period before the current modification are considered at the time of the most recent modification.

For consumer loans of all classes, various qualitative factors are used for assessing the financial difficulty of the borrower. These factors include, but are not limited to, the borrower’s default status on any of its debts, bankruptcy, and recent changes in financial circumstances (for instance, loss of employment). For commercial loans of all classes, similar qualitative factors are considered when assessing the financial difficulty of the borrower. In addition to the previously noted factors, consideration is also given to the borrower’s forecasted ability to service the debt in accordance with the contractual terms, possible regulatory actions, and other potential business disruptions (for example, the loss of a significant customer or other revenue stream).

In our consumer automotive portfolio class of loans, we also provide extensions or deferrals of payments to borrowers whom we deem to be experiencing only temporary financial difficulty. In these cases, there are limits within our operational policies to minimize the number of times a loan can be extended, as well as limits to the length of each extension, including a cumulative cap over the life of the loan. If these limits are breached, the modification may require disclosure as noted in the following paragraph. Before offering an extension or deferral, we evaluate the capacity of the customer to make the scheduled payments after the deferral period. During the deferral period, we continue to accrue interest on the loan as part of the deferral agreement. We grant these extensions or deferrals when we expect to collect all amounts due including interest accrued at the original contract rate.

We do not disclose modifications that result in only an insignificant payment delay. In order to assess whether a payment delay is insignificant, we consider the amount of the modified payments subject to delay in conjunction with the unpaid principal balance or the collateral value of the loan, whether or not the delay is significant with respect to the frequency of payments under the original contract, or the loan’s original expected duration. In the cases where payment extensions cumulatively extend beyond 90 days and are more than 10% of the original contractual term, or where the cumulative payment extension within the 12-month period immediately preceding the current modification is beyond 180 days, we deem the delay in payment to be more than insignificant.

The financial impacts of modifications that meet the definition of a modification to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are reported in the period in which they are identified. Additionally, if such a loan defaults within 12 months of the modification, we are required to disclose the instances of redefault. For the purpose of this disclosure, we have determined that a loan is considered to have redefaulted when the loan meets the requirements for evaluation under our charge-off policy, except for commercial loans where redefault is defined as 90 days past due.

Nonaccrual Loans

Generally, we recognize loans of all classes as past due when they are 30 days delinquent on making a contractually required payment, and loans are placed on nonaccrual status when principal or interest has been delinquent for at least 90 days, or when full collection is not expected. Interest income recognition is suspended when finance receivables and loans are placed on nonaccrual status. Additionally, amortization of premiums and discounts and deferred fees and costs ceases when finance receivables and loans are placed on nonaccrual status. Exceptions include commercial real estate loans that are placed on nonaccrual status when delinquent for 60 days or when full collection is not probable, if sooner. Additionally, a loan can be returned to accrual status when the loan has been brought fully current, the collection of contractual principal and interest is reasonably assured, and six consecutive months of repayment performance is achieved. In certain cases, if a borrower has been current up to the time of the modification and repayment of the debt subsequent to the modification is reasonably assured, we may choose to continue to accrue interest on the loan.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

In calculating the provision for interim income taxes, in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, we apply an estimated annual effective tax rate to year-to-date ordinary income. At the end of each interim period, we estimate the effective tax rate expected to be applicable for the full fiscal year. This method differs from that described in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which describes our annual significant income tax accounting policy and related methodology.

Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Standards

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures (ASU 2022-02)

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. The purpose of this guidance is twofold. First, the guidance eliminates TDR recognition and measurement guidance that has been deemed no longer necessary under CECL. The guidance also adds a requirement to incorporate current year gross charge-offs by origination year into the vintage tables. With respect to the TDR impacts, under CECL, credit losses for financial assets measured at amortized cost are determined based on the total current expected credit losses over the life of the financial asset or group of financial assets. Therefore, credit losses on financial assets that have been modified as TDRs would have largely been incorporated in the allowance upon initial recognition. Under ASU 2022-02, we will evaluate whether loan modifications previously characterized as TDRs represent a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan in accordance with ASC Topic 310, Receivables. The guidance also added new disclosures that require an entity to provide information related to loan modifications that are made to borrowers that are deemed to be in financial difficulty. We adopted the ASU on January 1, 2023, on a prospective basis. The impact of these amendments was not material.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions (ASU 2022-03)

In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions. The purpose of this guidance is to clarify that a contractual restriction on the ability to sell an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of the equity security, and therefore should not be considered when measuring the equity security’s fair value. Additionally, an entity cannot separately recognize and measure a contractual-sale restriction. This guidance also adds specific disclosures related to equity securities that are subject to contractual-sale restrictions, including (1) the fair value of equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions reflected in the balance sheet, (2) the nature and remaining duration of the restrictions, and (3) the circumstances that could cause a lapse in the restrictions. The amendments are effective on January 1, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendments must be applied using a prospective approach with any adjustments from the adoption of the amendments recognized in earnings and disclosed upon adoption. Management does not expect the impact of these amendments to be material.

Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method (ASU 2023-02)

In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-02, Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method. The purpose of this guidance is to expand the use of the proportional amortization method to certain tax equity investments made primarily for the purpose of receiving income tax credits and other income tax benefits. In order to qualify for the proportional amortization method, the following five conditions must be met: (1) it is probable that the income tax credits allocable to the tax equity investor will be available, (2) the tax equity investor does not have the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the underlying project, (3) substantially all of the projected benefits are from income tax credits and other income tax benefits, (4) the tax equity investor’s projected yield is based solely on the cash flows from the income tax credits and other income tax benefits is positive, and (5) the tax equity investor is a limited liability investor in the limited liability entity for both legal and tax purposes, and the tax equity investor’s liability is limited to its capital investment. Selecting the proportional amortization method will be an accounting policy election that must be applied on a tax-credit-program-by-tax-credit-program basis rather than at the entity level or to individual investments. Additionally, in order to apply the proportional amortization method to qualifying investments, an entity must use the flow-through method when accounting for the receipt of the investment tax credits. This guidance also adds disclosure requirements related to tax credit programs where the proportional amortization method has been elected. The amendments are effective on January 1, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendments must be applied using either a modified retrospective or retrospective approach with any adjustments from the adoption of the amendments recognized in retained earnings and disclosed upon adoption. In the event that we elect to apply the proportional amortization method to any qualifying programs upon adoption, management is still assessing the total impacts of these amendments, but does not expect the impact of these amendments to be material.

Fair Value Measurements

The following are descriptions of the valuation methodologies used to measure material assets and liabilities at fair value and details of the valuation models, key inputs to those models, and significant assumptions utilized.

•Equity securities — We hold various marketable equity securities measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. Measurements based on observable market prices are classified as Level 1.

•Available-for-sale securities — We carry our available-for-sale securities at fair value based on external pricing sources. We classify our securities as Level 1 when fair value is determined using quoted prices available for the same instruments trading in

active markets. We classify our securities as Level 2 when fair value is determined using prices for similar instruments trading in active markets. We perform pricing validation procedures for our available-for-sale securities.

•Derivative instruments — We enter into a variety of derivative financial instruments as part of our risk-management strategies. Certain of these derivatives are exchange traded, such as equity options. To determine the fair value of these instruments, we utilize the quoted market prices for those particular derivative contracts; therefore, we classified these contracts as Level 1.

We also execute OTC and centrally cleared derivative contracts, such as interest rate swaps, foreign-currency denominated forward contracts, caps, floors, and agency to-be-announced securities. We utilize third-party-developed valuation models that are widely accepted in the market to value these derivative contracts. The specific terms of the contract and market observable inputs (such as interest rate forward curves, interpolated volatility assumptions, or equity pricing) are used in the model. We classified these derivative contracts as Level 2 because all significant inputs into these models were market observable.

We also enter into interest rate lock commitments and forward commitments that are executed as part of our mortgage business, certain of which meet the accounting definition of a derivative and therefore are recorded as derivatives on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Interest rate lock commitments are valued using internal pricing models with unobservable inputs, so they are classified as Level 3.

We purchase automotive finance receivables and loans from third parties as part of forward flow arrangements and, from time-to-time, execute opportunistic ad-hoc bulk purchases. As part of those agreements, we may withhold a portion of the purchase price from the counterparty and be required to pay the counterparty all or part of the amount withheld at agreed upon measurement dates and determinable amounts if actual credit performance of the acquired loans on the measurement date is better than or equal to what was estimated at the time of acquisition. Because these contracts meet the accounting definition of a derivative, we recognize a liability at fair value for these deferred purchase price payments. The fair value of these liabilities is determined using a discounted cash flow method. To estimate cash flows, we utilize various significant assumptions, including market observable inputs (for example, forward interest rates) and internally developed inputs (for example, prepayment speeds, delinquency levels, and expected credit losses). These liabilities are valued using internal loss models with unobservable inputs, and are classified as Level 3.

We are required to consider all aspects of nonperformance risk, including our own credit standing, when measuring fair value of derivative assets and liabilities. We reduce credit risk on the majority of our derivatives by entering into legally enforceable agreements that enable the posting and receiving of collateral associated with the fair value of our derivative positions on an ongoing basis. In the event that we do not enter into legally enforceable agreements that enable the posting and receiving of collateral, we will consider our credit risk in the valuation of derivative liabilities through a DVA and the credit risk of our counterparties in the valuation of derivative assets through a CVA, if warranted. When measuring these valuation adjustments, we generally use credit default swap spreads.

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Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following tables present a disaggregated view of our revenue from contracts with customers. For further information regarding our revenue recognition policies and details about the nature of our respective revenue streams, refer to Note 1 and Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Three months ended June 30, ($ in millions)	Automotive Finance operations		Insurance operations		Mortgage Finance operations		Corporate Finance operations		Corporate and Other		Consolidated
2023
Revenue from contracts with customers
Noninsurance contracts (a) (b) (c)	$	—	$	171	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	171
Remarketing fee income	31		—		—		—		—		31
Brokerage commissions and other revenue	—		—		—		—		23		23
Banking fees and interchange income (d)	—		—		—		—		11		11
Brokered/agent commissions	—		4		—		—		—		4
Other	5		—		—		—		—		5
Total revenue from contracts with customers	36		175		—		—		34		245
All other revenue	47		162		5		28		19		261
Total other revenue (e)	$	83	$	337	$	5	$	28	$	53	$	506
2022
Revenue from contracts with customers
Noninsurance contracts (a) (b) (c)	$	—	$	163	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	163
Remarketing fee income	29		—		—		—		—		29
Brokerage commissions and other revenue	—		—		—		—		13		13
Banking fees and interchange income (d)	—		—		—		—		10		10
Brokered/agent commissions	—		4		—		—		—		4
Other	6		—		—		—		1		7
Total revenue from contracts with customers	35		167		—		—		24		226
All other revenue	37		(9)		4		19		35		86
Total other revenue (e)	$	72	$	158	$	4	$	19	$	59	$	312

(a)We had opening balances of $3.0 billion in unearned revenue associated with outstanding contracts at both April 1, 2023, and 2022, and $243 million and $234 million of these balances were recognized as insurance premiums and service revenue earned in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income during the three months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

(b)At June 30, 2023, we had unearned revenue of $3.0 billion associated with outstanding contracts, and with respect to this balance we expect to recognize revenue of $464 million during the remainder of 2023, $812 million in 2024, $644 million in 2025, $467 million in 2026, and $582 million thereafter. At June 30, 2022, we had unearned revenue of $3.0 billion associated with outstanding contracts.

(c)We had deferred insurance assets of $1.8 billion at both April 1, 2023, and June 30, 2023, and recognized $144 million of expense during the three months ended June 30, 2023. We had deferred insurance assets of $1.8 billion at both April 1, 2022, and June 30, 2022, and recognized $140 million of expense during the three months ended June 30, 2022.

(d)Interchange income is reported net of customer rewards. Customer rewards expense was $5 million and $3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

(e)Represents a component of total net revenue. Refer to Note 22 for further information on our reportable operating segments.

Six months ended June 30, ($ in millions)	Automotive Finance operations		Insurance operations		Mortgage Finance operations		Corporate Finance operations		Corporate and Other		Consolidated
2023
Revenue from contracts with customers
Noninsurance contracts (a) (b)	$	—	$	340	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	340
Remarketing fee income	64		—		—		—		—		64
Brokerage commissions and other revenue	—		—		—		—		46		46
Banking fees and interchange income (c)	—		—		—		—		21		21
Brokered/agent commissions	—		7		—		—		—		7
Other	10		—		—		—		—		10
Total revenue from contracts with customers	74		347		—		—		67		488
All other revenue	86		371		9		57		(7)		516
Total other revenue (d)	$	160	$	718	$	9	$	57	$	60	$	1,004
2022
Revenue from contracts with customers
Noninsurance contracts (a) (b)	$	—	$	325	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	325
Remarketing fee income	56		—		—		—		—		56
Brokerage commissions and other revenue	—		—		—		—		24		24
Banking fees and interchange income (c)	—		—		—		—		21		21
Brokered/agent commissions	—		8		—		—		—		8
Other	11		—		—		—		2		13
Total revenue from contracts with customers	67		333		—		—		47		447
All other revenue	73		95		18		43		78		307
Total other revenue (d)	$	140	$	428	$	18	$	43	$	125	$	754

(a)We had opening balances of $3.0 billion and $3.1 billion in unearned revenue associated with outstanding contracts at January 1, 2023, and 2022, respectively, and $484 million and $465 million of these balances were recognized as insurance premiums and service revenue earned in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income during the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

(b)We had deferred insurance assets of $1.8 billion at both January 1, 2023, and June 30, 2023, and recognized $288 million of expense during the six months ended June 30, 2023. We had deferred insurance assets of $1.9 billion and $1.8 billion at January 1, 2022, and June 30, 2022, respectively, and recognized $277 million of expense during the six months ended June 30, 2022.

(c)Interchange income is reported net of customer rewards. Customer rewards expense was $9 million and $6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

(d)Represents a component of total net revenue. Refer to Note 22 for further information on our reportable operating segments.

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Other Income, Net of Losses (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Other Nonoperating Income (Expense) [Abstract]

Schedule of Other Income, by Component

Details of other income, net of losses, were as follows.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Late charges and other administrative fees	$	48	$	38	$	95	$	75
Remarketing fees	31		29		64		56
Income (loss) from equity-method investments (a)	15		25		(3)		45
Gain (loss) on nonmarketable equity investments, net (a)	—		3		(11)		2
Other, net	71		57		134		117
Total other income, net of losses	$	165	$	152	$	279	$	295

(a)Refer to Note 10 for further information on our nonmarketable equity investments and equity-method investments.

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Reserves for Insurance Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Short-Duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]

Schedule of Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense

The following table shows a rollforward of our reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses.

($ in millions)	2023		2022
Total gross reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses at January 1,	$	119	$	122
Less: Reinsurance recoverable	72		81
Net reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses at January 1,	47		41
Net insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred related to:
Current year	218		151
Prior years (a)	4		(4)
Total net insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred	222		147
Net insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses paid or payable related to:
Current year	(154)		(114)
Prior years	(35)		(24)
Total net insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses paid or payable	(189)		(138)
Net reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses at June 30,	80		50
Plus: Reinsurance recoverable	72		81
Total gross reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses at June 30,	$	152	$	131

(a)There have been no material adverse changes to the reserve for prior years.

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Other Operating Expenses (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Operating Expenses [Abstract]

Schedule of Other Operating Cost and Expense, by Component

Details of other operating expenses were as follows.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Insurance commissions	$	158	$	151	$	315	$	300
Technology and communications	111		100		219		197
Advertising and marketing	79		77		157		149
Lease and loan administration	53		54		101		105
Property and equipment depreciation	48		41		95		80
Regulatory and licensing fees	39		22		74		48
Professional services	36		47		68		90
Vehicle remarketing and repossession	28		22		55		42
Amortization of intangible assets (a)	6		8		13		16
Other	109		90		211		156
Total other operating expenses	$	667	$	612	$	1,308	$	1,183

(a)Refer to Note 10 for further information on our intangible assets.

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Investment Securities (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Investment Portfolio

The cost, fair value, and gross unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities were as follows.

	June 30, 2023								December 31, 2022
	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized				Fair value		Amortized cost		Gross unrealized				Fair value
($ in millions)			gains		losses						gains		losses
Available-for-sale securities
Debt securities
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	$	2,277	$	—	$	(248)	$	2,029	$	2,272	$	—	$	(256)	$	2,016
U.S. States and political subdivisions	746		—		(81)		665		841		1		(82)		760
Foreign government	180		—		(12)		168		158		—		(12)		146
Agency mortgage-backed residential (a)	18,808		—		(2,952)		15,856		19,668		3		(3,038)		16,633
Mortgage-backed residential	4,961		—		(818)		4,143		5,154		—		(855)		4,299
Agency mortgage-backed commercial (a)	4,499		—		(815)		3,684		4,380		—		(845)		3,535
Asset-backed	404		—		(21)		383		459		—		(26)		433
Corporate debt	1,934		1		(199)		1,736		1,931		1		(213)		1,719
Total available-for-sale securities (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)	$	33,809	$	1	$	(5,146)	$	28,664	$	34,863	$	5	$	(5,327)	$	29,541
Held-to-maturity securities
Debt securities
Agency mortgage-backed residential	$	1,030	$	—	$	(180)	$	850	$	1,062	$	—	$	(178)	$	884
Total held-to-maturity securities (f) (g)	$	1,030	$	—	$	(180)	$	850	$	1,062	$	—	$	(178)	$	884

(a)Fair value includes a $75 million liability and a $12 million liability for agency mortgage-backed residential securities and an $11 million liability and $15 million asset for agency mortgage-backed commercial securities related to basis adjustments for securities in closed portfolios with active hedges under the portfolio layer method at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. These basis adjustments would be allocated to the amortized cost of specific securities within the pool if the hedge was dedesignated. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.

(b)Certain available-for-sale securities are included in fair value hedging relationships. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.

(c)Certain entities related to our Insurance operations are required to deposit securities with state regulatory authorities. These deposited securities totaled $13 million and $12 million at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

(d)Available-for-sale securities with a fair value of $5.0 billion and $3.9 billion were pledged as collateral at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. This primarily included $3.3 billion and $3.0 billion pledged to secure advances from the FHLB at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. This also included securities pledged for other purposes as required by contractual obligations or law, under which agreements we granted the counterparty the right to sell or pledge $1.7 billion and $899 million of the underlying available-for-sale securities at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

(e)Totals do not include accrued interest receivable, which was $87 million and $91 million at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Accrued interest receivable is included in other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

(f)There was no allowance for credit losses recorded at both June 30, 2023, or December 31, 2022, as management determined that there were no expected credit losses in our portfolio of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities.

(g)Totals do not include accrued interest receivable, which was $2 million at both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. Accrued interest receivable is included in other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Investments Classified by Contractual Maturity Date

The maturity distribution of debt securities outstanding is summarized in the following tables based upon contractual maturities. Call or prepayment options may cause actual maturities to differ from contractual maturities.

	Total				Due in one year or less				Due after one year through five years				Due after five years through ten years				Due after ten years
($ in millions)	Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield
June 30, 2023
Fair value of available-for-sale securities (a)
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	$	2,029	1.6	%	$	14	2.3	%	$	920	1.3	%	$	1,095	1.8	%	$	—	—	%
U.S. States and political subdivisions	665		3.1		6		3.5		55		2.7		106		3.4		498		3.1
Foreign government	168		2.0		22		1.2		74		2.1		72		2.1		—		—
Agency mortgage-backed residential (b)	15,856		2.6		—		—		5		2.0		42		2.4		15,809		2.6
Mortgage-backed residential	4,143		2.8		—		—		—		—		12		2.9		4,131		2.8
Agency mortgage-backed commercial (b)	3,684		2.2		—		—		101		3.2		1,411		2.3		2,172		2.1
Asset-backed	383		1.8		—		—		371		1.7		11		5.1		1		2.7
Corporate debt	1,736		2.6		120		2.4		967		2.5		635		2.7		14		5.6
Total available-for-sale securities	$	28,664	2.5		$	162	2.3		$	2,493	1.9		$	3,384	2.3		$	22,625	2.6
Amortized cost of available-for-sale securities	$	33,809			$	166			$	2,695			$	3,916			$	27,032
Amortized cost of held-to-maturity securities
Agency mortgage-backed residential	$	1,030	2.8	%	$	—	—	%	$	—	—	%	$	—	—	%	$	1,030	2.8	%
Total held-to-maturity securities	$	1,030	2.8		$	—	—		$	—	—		$	—	—		$	1,030	2.8
December 31, 2022
Fair value of available-for-sale securities (a)
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	$	2,016	1.6	%	$	—	—	%	$	716	1.3	%	$	1,300	1.7	%	$	—	—	%
U.S. States and political subdivisions	760		3.2		26		2.7		60		2.7		112		3.3		562		3.2
Foreign government	146		1.8		13		0.8		74		1.8		59		1.9		—		—
Agency mortgage-backed residential (b)	16,633		2.6		—		—		—		—		27		2.0		16,606		2.6
Mortgage-backed residential	4,299		2.8		—		—		—		—		14		2.9		4,285		2.8
Agency mortgage-backed commercial (b)	3,535		2.2		—		—		66		3.1		1,234		2.1		2,235		2.1
Asset-backed	433		1.7		—		—		401		1.7		25		1.8		7		3.5
Corporate debt	1,719		2.4		86		2.4		912		2.3		705		2.6		16		4.9
Total available-for-sale securities	$	29,541	2.5		$	125	2.3		$	2,229	1.9		$	3,476	2.1		$	23,711	2.6
Amortized cost of available-for-sale securities	$	34,863			$	126			$	2,403			$	4,048			$	28,286
Amortized cost of held-to-maturity securities
Agency mortgage-backed residential	$	1,062	2.8	%	$	—	—	%	$	—	—	%	$	—	—	%	$	1,062	2.8	%
Total held-to-maturity securities	$	1,062	2.8		$	—	—		$	—	—		$	—	—		$	1,062	2.8

(a)Yield is calculated using the effective yield of each security at the end of the period, weighted based on the market value. The effective yield considers the contractual coupon and amortized cost, and excludes expected capital gains and losses.

(b)Fair value includes a $75 million liability and a $12 million liability for agency mortgage-backed residential securities and an $11 million liability and $15 million asset for agency mortgage-backed commercial securities related to basis adjustments for securities in closed portfolios with active hedges under the portfolio layer method at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. These basis adjustments would be allocated to the amortized cost of specific securities within the pool if the hedge was dedesignated. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.

Investment Income

The following table presents interest and dividends on investment securities.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Taxable interest	$	229	$	186	$	446	$	360
Taxable dividends	4		4		7		8
Interest and dividends exempt from U.S. federal income tax	5		5		11		10
Interest and dividends on investment securities	$	238	$	195	$	464	$	378

Schedule of Realized Gain (Loss)

The following table presents gross gains and losses realized upon the sales of available-for-sale securities, and net gains or losses on equity securities held during the period.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Available-for-sale securities
Gross realized gains	$	—	$	3	$	5	$	21
Net realized gain on available-for-sale securities	—		3		5		21
Net realized gain on equity securities	1		10		6		62
Net unrealized gain (loss) on equity securities	25		(137)		89		(202)
Other gain (loss) on investments, net	$	26	$	(124)	$	100	$	(119)

Held to Maturity Debt Securities by Credit Quality

The following table presents the credit quality of our held-to-maturity securities, based on the latest available information as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. The credit ratings are sourced from nationally recognized statistical rating organizations, which include S&P, Moody’s, and Fitch. The ratings presented are a composite of the ratings sourced from the agencies or, if the ratings cannot be sourced from the agencies, are based on the asset type of the particular security. All our held-to-maturity securities were current in their payment of principal and interest as of both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. We have not recorded any interest income reversals on our held-to-maturity securities during the six months ended June 30, 2023, or 2022.

	June 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
($ in millions)	AA		Total (a)		AA		Total (a)
Debt securities
Agency mortgage-backed residential	$	1,030	$	1,030	$	1,062	$	1,062
Total held-to-maturity securities	$	1,030	$	1,030	$	1,062	$	1,062

(a)Rating agencies indicate that they base their ratings on many quantitative and qualitative factors, which may include capital adequacy, liquidity, asset quality, business mix, level and quality of earnings, and the current operating, legislative, and regulatory environment. A credit rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold securities, and the ratings are subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating agency.

Schedule of Available-for-Sale Securities in Unrealized Loss Position

The following table summarizes available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position, which we evaluated to determine if a credit loss exists requiring the recognition of an allowance for credit losses. For additional information on our methodology, refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, we did not have the intent to sell the available-for-sale securities with an unrealized loss position and we do not believe it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell these securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis. We have not recorded any interest income reversals on our available-for-sale securities during the six months ended June 30, 2023, or 2022.

	June 30, 2023								December 31, 2022
	Less than 12 months				12 months or longer				Less than 12 months				12 months or longer
($ in millions)	Fair value		Unrealized loss		Fair value		Unrealized loss		Fair value		Unrealized loss		Fair value		Unrealized loss
Available-for-sale securities
Debt securities
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	$	9	$	(1)	$	2,019	$	(247)	$	529	$	(68)	$	1,487	$	(188)
U.S. States and political subdivisions	193		(3)		439		(78)		547		(55)		135		(27)
Foreign government	23		(1)		143		(11)		75		(4)		71		(8)
Agency mortgage-backed residential (a)	1,219		(64)		14,621		(2,888)		7,472		(892)		8,978		(2,146)
Mortgage-backed residential	259		(12)		3,867		(806)		1,985		(289)		2,287		(566)
Agency mortgage-backed commercial (a)	366		(19)		3,233		(796)		996		(124)		2,535		(721)
Asset-backed	49		(1)		328		(20)		162		(4)		272		(22)
Corporate debt	149		(5)		1,536		(194)		782		(67)		895		(146)
Total available-for-sale securities	$	2,267	$	(106)	$	26,186	$	(5,040)	$	12,548	$	(1,503)	$	16,660	$	(3,824)

(a)Includes basis adjustments for certain securities that are included in closed portfolios with active hedges under the portfolio layer method at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. The basis adjustments would be allocated to the amortized cost of specific securities within the pool if the hedge was dedesignated. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.

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Finance Receivables and Loans, Net (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Receivables [Abstract]

Schedule of Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable

The composition of finance receivables and loans reported at amortized cost basis was as follows.

($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Consumer automotive (a)	$	84,294	$	83,286
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance (b)	18,894		19,445
Mortgage — Legacy (c)	255		290
Total consumer mortgage	19,149		19,735
Consumer other
Personal Lending (d)	2,170		1,990
Credit Card	1,757		1,599
Total consumer other	3,927		3,589
Total consumer	107,370		106,610
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Automotive	16,293		14,595
Other	9,124		9,154
Commercial real estate	5,662		5,389
Total commercial	31,079		29,138
Total finance receivables and loans (e) (f)	$	138,449	$	135,748

(a)Certain finance receivables and loans are included in fair value hedging relationships. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.

(b)Includes loans originated as interest-only mortgage loans of $2 million and $3 million at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, of which all have exited the interest-only period.

(c)Includes loans originated as interest-only mortgage loans of $15 million and $17 million at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, of which all have exited the interest-only period.

(d)Includes $3 million of finance receivables at December 31, 2022, for which we have elected the fair value option.

(e)Totals include net unearned income, unamortized premiums and discounts, and deferred fees and costs of $2.3 billion at both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

(f)Totals do not include accrued interest receivable, which was $763 million and $707 million at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Accrued interest receivable is included in other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Billed interest on our credit card loans is included within finance receivables and loans, net.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Financing Receivables

The following tables present an analysis of the activity in the allowance for loan losses on finance receivables and loans for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

Three months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Consumer automotive		Consumer mortgage		Consumer other (a)		Commercial		Total
Allowance at April 1, 2023	$	3,022	$	23	$	455	$	251	$	3,751
Charge-offs (b)	(496)		(2)		(70)		(61)		(629)
Recoveries	219		3		7		1		230
Net charge-offs	(277)		1		(63)		(60)		(399)
Provision for credit losses (c)	320		(2)		84		27		429
Other	(1)		1		—		—		—
Allowance at June 30, 2023	$	3,064	$	23	$	476	$	218	$	3,781

(a)Excludes $2 million of finance receivables and loans at April 1, 2023, for which we have elected the fair value option and incorporate no allowance for loan losses.

(b)Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our charge-off policies.

(c)Excludes $2 million of benefit for credit losses related to our reserve for unfunded commitments. The liability related to the reserve for unfunded commitments is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Six months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Consumer automotive		Consumer mortgage		Consumer other (a)		Commercial		Total
Allowance at January 1, 2023	$	3,020	$	27	$	426	$	238	$	3,711
Charge-offs (b)	(1,032)		(3)		(134)		(61)		(1,230)
Recoveries	404		5		12		1		422
Net charge-offs	(628)		2		(122)		(60)		(808)
Provision for credit losses (c)	673		(6)		172		39		878
Other	(1)		—		—		1		—
Allowance at June 30, 2023	$	3,064	$	23	$	476	$	218	$	3,781

(a)Excludes $3 million of finance receivables and loans at January 1, 2023, for which we have elected the fair value option and incorporate no allowance for loan losses.

(b)Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our charge-off policies.

(c)Excludes $5 million of benefit for credit losses related to our reserve for unfunded commitments. The liability related to the reserve for unfunded commitments is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Three months ended June 30, 2022 ($ in millions)	Consumer automotive		Consumer mortgage		Consumer other (a)		Commercial		Total
Allowance at April 1, 2022	$	2,763	$	26	$	258	$	254	$	3,301
Charge-offs (b)	(277)		(1)		(27)		(26)		(331)
Recoveries	169		5		3		1		178
Net charge-offs	(108)		4		(24)		(25)		(153)
Provision for credit losses (c)	230		(3)		70		5		302
Other	—		(1)		(1)		2		—
Allowance at June 30, 2022	$	2,885	$	26	$	303	$	236	$	3,450

(a)Excludes $7 million of finance receivables and loans at both April 1, 2022, and June 30, 2022, for which we have elected the fair value option and incorporate no allowance for loan losses.

(b)Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our charge-off policies.

(c)Excludes $2 million of provision for credit losses related to our reserve for unfunded commitments. The liability related to the reserve for unfunded commitments is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Six months ended June 30, 2022 ($ in millions)	Consumer automotive		Consumer mortgage		Consumer other (a)		Commercial		Total
Allowance at January 1, 2022	$	2,769	$	27	$	221	$	250	$	3,267
Charge-offs (b)	(553)		(2)		(51)		(26)		(632)
Recoveries	332		8		4		2		346
Net charge-offs	(221)		6		(47)		(24)		(286)
Provision for credit losses (c)	337		(6)		129		9		469
Other	—		(1)		—		1		—
Allowance at June 30, 2022	$	2,885	$	26	$	303	$	236	$	3,450

(a)Excludes $7 million of finance receivables and loans at both January 1, 2022, and June 30, 2022, for which we have elected the fair value option and incorporate no allowance for loan losses.

(b)Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our charge-off policies.

(c)Excludes $2 million of provision for credit losses related to our reserve for unfunded commitments. The liability related to the reserve for unfunded commitments is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet

Schedule of Sales of Financing Receivables and Loans

The following table presents sales of finance receivables and loans and transfers of finance receivables and loans from held-for-investment to held-for-sale based on net carrying value.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Consumer mortgage	$	—	$	2	$	1	$	2
Total sales and transfers	$	—	$	2	$	1	$	2

Schedule of Purchases of Financing Receivables and Loans

The following table presents purchases of finance receivables and loans based on unpaid principal balance at the time of purchase.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Consumer automotive	$	1,080	$	1,558	$	1,838	$	2,051
Consumer mortgage	5		808		7		1,633
Commercial	—		1		7		1
Total purchases of finance receivables and loans	$	1,085	$	2,367	$	1,852	$	3,685

Schedule of Financing Receivables, Nonaccrual Status

The following tables present the amortized cost of our finance receivables and loans on nonaccrual status. All consumer or commercial finance receivables and loans that were 90 days or more past due were on nonaccrual status as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. Refer to Note 1 for additional information on our accounting policy for finance receivables and loans on nonaccrual status.

					June 30, 2023
($ in millions)	Nonaccrual status at Jan. 1, 2023		Nonaccrual status at Apr. 1, 2023		Nonaccrual status		Nonaccrual with no allowance (a)
Consumer automotive	$	1,187	$	1,110	$	1,098	$	501
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	34		34		38		20
Mortgage — Legacy	15		15		14		13
Total consumer mortgage	49		49		52		33
Consumer other
Personal Lending	13		12		11		—
Credit Card	43		54		55		—
Total consumer other	56		66		66		—
Total consumer	1,292		1,225		1,216		534
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Automotive	5		—		24		7
Other	157		159		161		5
Commercial real estate	—		—		3		—
Total commercial	162		159		188		12
Total finance receivables and loans (b)	$	1,454	$	1,384	$	1,404	$	546

(a)Represents a component of nonaccrual status at end of period.

(b)We recorded interest income from cash payments associated with finance receivables and loans on nonaccrual status of $4 million and $7 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively.

					December 31, 2022
($ in millions)	Nonaccrual status at Jan. 1, 2022		Nonaccrual status at Apr. 1, 2022		Nonaccrual status		Nonaccrual with no allowance (a)
Consumer automotive	$	1,078	$	1,072	$	1,187	$	445
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	59		51		34		25
Mortgage — Legacy	26		24		15		14
Total consumer mortgage	85		75		49		39
Consumer other
Personal Lending	5		6		13		—
Credit Card	11		14		43		—
Total consumer other	16		20		56		—
Total consumer	1,179		1,167		1,292		484
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Automotive	33		3		5		2
Other	221		217		157		33
Commercial real estate	3		1		—		—
Total commercial	257		221		162		35
Total finance receivables and loans (b)	$	1,436	$	1,388	$	1,454	$	519

(a)Represents a component of nonaccrual status at end of period.

(b)We recorded interest income from cash payments associated with finance receivables and loans on nonaccrual status of $3 million and $6 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.

Financing Receivable Credit Quality Indicators

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of our consumer finance receivables and loans by credit quality indicator based on delinquency status and origination year.

	Origination year														Revolving loans converted to term
June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018 and prior		Revolving loans				Total
Consumer automotive
Current	$	16,474	$	30,508	$	17,946	$	8,098	$	4,757	$	3,199	$	—	$	—	$	80,982
30–59 days past due	133		905		755		294		210		175		—		—		2,472
60–89 days past due	36		323		298		113		73		57		—		—		900
90 or more days past due	10		117		102		41		31		33		—		—		334
Total consumer automotive (a)	16,653		31,853		19,101		8,546		5,071		3,464		—		—		84,688
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance
Current	62		2,233		10,641		1,885		769		3,223		—		—		18,813
30–59 days past due	—		7		8		5		5		18		—		—		43
60–89 days past due	—		1		4		—		—		8		—		—		13
90 or more days past due	—		1		4		—		3		17		—		—		25
Total Mortgage Finance	62		2,242		10,657		1,890		777		3,266		—		—		18,894
Mortgage — Legacy
Current	—		—		—		—		—		58		164		17		239
30–59 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		2		2		1		5
60–89 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		1		—		—		1
90 or more days past due	—		—		—		—		—		7		1		2		10
Total Mortgage — Legacy	—		—		—		—		—		68		167		20		255
Total consumer mortgage	62		2,242		10,657		1,890		777		3,334		167		20		19,149
Consumer other
Personal Lending
Current	716		1,093		277		32		3		—		—		—		2,121
30–59 days past due	4		13		4		1		—		—		—		—		22
60–89 days past due	2		10		4		—		—		—		—		—		16
90 or more days past due	1		7		3		—		—		—		—		—		11
Total Personal Lending	723		1,123		288		33		3		—		—		—		2,170
Credit Card
Current	—		—		—		—		—		—		1,654		—		1,654
30–59 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		27		—		27
60–89 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		24		—		24
90 or more days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		52		—		52
Total Credit Card	—		—		—		—		—		—		1,757		—		1,757
Total consumer other	723		1,123		288		33		3		—		1,757		—		3,927
Total consumer	$	17,438	$	35,218	$	30,046	$	10,469	$	5,851	$	6,798	$	1,924	$	20	$	107,764

(a)Certain consumer automotive loans are included in fair value hedging relationships. The amortized cost excludes a liability of $394 million related to basis adjustments for loans in closed portfolios with active hedges under the portfolio layer method at June 30, 2023. These basis adjustments would be allocated to the amortized cost of specific loans within the pool if the hedge was dedesignated. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.

	Origination year														Revolving loans converted to term
December 31, 2022 ($ in millions)	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017 and prior		Revolving loans				Total
Consumer automotive
Current	$	36,127	$	22,102	$	10,341	$	6,451	$	3,237	$	1,890	$	—	$	—	$	80,148
30–59 days past due	707		878		370		284		165		120		—		—		2,524
60–89 days past due	207		324		135		99		55		38		—		—		858
90 or more days past due	73		111		47		38		23		24		—		—		316
Total consumer automotive (a)	37,114		23,415		10,893		6,872		3,480		2,072		—		—		83,846
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance
Current	2,292		10,893		1,946		815		577		2,805		—		—		19,328
30–59 days past due	15		29		4		3		4		26		—		—		81
60–89 days past due	2		4		—		1		1		3		—		—		11
90 or more days past due	—		1		—		2		8		14		—		—		25
Total Mortgage Finance	2,309		10,927		1,950		821		590		2,848		—		—		19,445
Mortgage — Legacy
Current	—		—		—		—		—		62		191		18		271
30–59 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		4		1		—		5
60–89 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		1		1
90 or more days past due	—		—		—		—		—		8		3		2		13
Total Mortgage — Legacy	—		—		—		—		—		74		195		21		290
Total consumer mortgage	2,309		10,927		1,950		821		590		2,922		195		21		19,735
Consumer other
Personal Lending
Current	1,492		392		48		5		1		—		—		—		1,938
30–59 days past due	14		6		1		—		—		—		—		—		21
60–89 days past due	9		5		1		—		—		—		—		—		15
90 or more days past due	8		5		—		—		—		—		—		—		13
Total Personal Lending (b)	1,523		408		50		5		1		—		—		—		1,987
Credit Card
Current	—		—		—		—		—		—		1,518		—		1,518
30–59 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		22		—		22
60–89 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		18		—		18
90 or more days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		41		—		41
Total Credit Card	—		—		—		—		—		—		1,599		—		1,599
Total consumer other	1,523		408		50		5		1		—		1,599		—		3,586
Total consumer	$	40,946	$	34,750	$	12,893	$	7,698	$	4,071	$	4,994	$	1,794	$	21	$	107,167

(a)Certain consumer automotive loans are included in fair value hedging relationships. The amortized cost excludes a liability of $560 million related to basis adjustments for loans in closed portfolios with active hedges under the portfolio layer method at December 31, 2022. These basis adjustments would be allocated to the amortized cost of specific loans within the pool if the hedge was dedesignated. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.

(b)Excludes $3 million of finance receivables at December 31, 2022, for which we have elected the fair value option.

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of our commercial finance receivables and loans by credit quality indicator based on risk rating and origination year.

	Origination year														Revolving loans converted to term
June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018 and prior		Revolving loans				Total
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Automotive
Pass	$	271	$	560	$	189	$	112	$	68	$	44	$	13,877	$	—	$	15,121
Special mention	2		19		45		—		—		24		1,016		—		1,106
Substandard	—		1		—		—		—		—		49		—		50
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		16		—		16
Total automotive	273		580		234		112		68		68		14,958		—		16,293
Other
Pass	185		553		377		306		360		206		5,611		147		7,745
Special mention	—		233		175		195		51		154		281		24		1,113
Substandard	—		—		23		3		27		120		42		15		230
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		26		3		—		29
Loss (a)	—		—		—		—		7		—		—		—		7
Total other	185		786		575		504		445		506		5,937		186		9,124
Commercial real estate
Pass	385		1,529		1,161		929		662		895		9		31		5,601
Special mention	—		7		31		2		18		—		—		—		58
Substandard	—		2		—		—		—		1		—		—		3
Total commercial real estate	385		1,538		1,192		931		680		896		9		31		5,662
Total commercial	$	843	$	2,904	$	2,001	$	1,547	$	1,193	$	1,470	$	20,904	$	217	$	31,079

(a)During the three months ended June 30, 2023, we incurred a $56 million charge-off of one exposure within our commercial and industrial loan portfolio class. The $7 million risk-rated as a loss relates to the remaining amortized cost of this exposure which we expect to collect in full.

	Origination year														Revolving loans converted to term
December 31, 2022 ($ in millions)	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017 and prior		Revolving loans				Total
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Automotive
Pass	$	640	$	211	$	132	$	78	$	28	$	34	$	12,327	$	—	$	13,450
Special mention	23		47		—		—		10		21		1,016		—		1,117
Substandard	—		—		—		1		—		—		27		—		28
Total automotive	663		258		132		79		38		55		13,370		—		14,595
Other
Pass	594		469		607		419		54		133		5,344		89		7,709
Special mention	177		158		175		95		47		128		278		35		1,093
Substandard	—		—		4		51		—		139		55		13		262
Doubtful	—		—		—		64		—		25		—		—		89
Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		1		—		1
Total other	771		627		786		629		101		425		5,678		137		9,154
Commercial real estate
Pass	1,481		1,118		951		679		369		716		9		13		5,336
Special mention	—		32		2		19		—		—		—		—		53
Total commercial real estate	1,481		1,150		953		698		369		716		9		13		5,389
Total commercial	$	2,915	$	2,035	$	1,871	$	1,406	$	508	$	1,196	$	19,057	$	150	$	29,138

The following table presents gross charge-offs of our finance receivables and loans for each portfolio class by origination year that occurred during the six months ended June 30, 2023. Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information on our charge-off policy.

	Origination year														Revolving loans converted to term
Six months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018 and prior		Revolving loans				Total
Consumer automotive	$	21	$	437	$	329	$	102	$	76	$	67	$	—	$	—	$	1,032
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	—		—		—		—		—		1		—		—		1
Mortgage — Legacy	—		—		—		—		—		2		—		—		2
Total consumer mortgage	—		—		—		—		—		3		—		—		3
Consumer other
Personal Lending	1		40		17		2		—		—		—		—		60
Credit Card	—		—		—		—		—		—		70		4		74
Total consumer other	1		40		17		2		—		—		70		4		134
Total consumer	22		477		346		104		76		70		70		4		1,169
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Automotive	—		—		—		—		—		—		4		—		4
Other	—		—		—		—		57		—		—		—		57
Total commercial	—		—		—		—		57		—		4		—		61
Total finance receivables and loans	$	22	$	477	$	346	$	104	$	133	$	70	$	74	$	4	$	1,230

Past Due Financing Receivables

The following table presents an analysis of our past-due commercial finance receivables and loans recorded at amortized cost basis.

($ in millions)	30–59 days past due		60–89 days past due		90 days or more past due		Total past due		Current		Total finance receivables and loans
June 30, 2023
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Automotive	$	12	$	—	$	—	$	12	$	16,281	$	16,293
Other	1		—		7		8		9,116		9,124
Commercial real estate	—		—		—		—		5,662		5,662
Total commercial	$	13	$	—	$	7	$	20	$	31,059	$	31,079
December 31, 2022
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Automotive	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	14,595	$	14,595
Other	—		1		2		3		9,151		9,154
Commercial real estate	—		—		—		—		5,389		5,389
Total commercial	$	—	$	1	$	2	$	3	$	29,135	$	29,138

Loan Modifications and Troubled Debt Restructuring

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans that were modified subsequent to origination during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, for each portfolio segment, by modification type. For additional information on loan modification types in scope of this disclosure, refer to Note 1. The below tables exclude consumer mortgage finance receivables and loans currently enrolled in a trial modification program. Trial modifications generally represent a three-month period during which the borrower makes monthly payments under the anticipated modified payment terms. If the borrower successfully completes the trial loan modification program, the contractual terms of the loan are updated and the modification is considered permanent. As of June 30, 2023, there were $4 million of consumer mortgage finance receivables and loans in a trial modification program.

	Payment extensions
Three months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Payment deferrals		Contractual maturity extensions		Principal forgiveness		Interest rate concessions		Combination		Total
Consumer automotive	$	—	$	25	$	12	$	—	$	—	$	37
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	—		—		—		—		1		1
Total consumer mortgage	—		—		—		—		1		1
Consumer other
Credit Card	—		—		—		3		—		3
Total consumer other	—		—		—		3		—		3
Total consumer	—		25		12		3		1		41
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Other	36		36		—		—		—		72
Total commercial	36		36		—		—		—		72
Total finance receivables and loans	$	36	$	61	$	12	$	3	$	1	$	113

	Payment extensions
Six months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Payment deferrals		Contractual maturity extensions		Principal forgiveness		Interest rate concessions		Combination		Total (a)
Consumer automotive	$	—	$	40	$	14	$	—	$	33	$	87
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	—		2		—		—		2		4
Mortgage — Legacy	—		1		—		—		—		1
Total consumer mortgage	—		3		—		—		2		5
Consumer other
Credit Card	—		—		—		6		—		6
Total consumer other	—		—		—		6		—		6
Total consumer	—		43		14		6		35		98
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Other	64		43		—		—		—		107
Total commercial	64		43		—		—		—		107
Total finance receivables and loans	$	64	$	86	$	14	$	6	$	35	$	205

(a)Represents 0.1% of total finance receivables and loans outstanding as of June 30, 2023.

The following tables present the financial effect of loan modifications that occurred during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023.

	Payment extensions (a)	Principal forgiveness		Interest rate concessions (a)				Combination (a) (b) (c)
Three months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Number of months extended/deferred	Amount forgiven		Initial rate		Revised rate		Remaining term	Revised remaining term	Initial rate		Revised rate
Consumer automotive	26	$	2	—	%	—	%	—	—	—	%	—	%
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	—	—		—		—		294	480	4.0		2.0
Total consumer mortgage	—	—		—		—		294	480	4.0		2.0
Consumer other
Credit Card	—	—		30.3		10.9		—	—	—		—
Total consumer other	—	—		30.3		10.9		—	—	—		—
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Other	6	—		—		—		—	—	—		—
Total commercial	6	$	—	—		—		—	—	—		—

(a)Calculated using a weighted-average balance for each portfolio class.

(b)Term is presented in number of months.

(c)Some Mortgage Finance combination loan modifications include deferrals of principal. The weighted average number of months deferred for these loans was 186 months.

	Payment extensions (a)	Principal forgiveness		Interest rate concessions (a)				Combination (a) (b) (c)
Six months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Number of months extended/deferred	Amount forgiven		Initial rate		Revised rate		Remaining term	Revised remaining term	Initial rate		Revised rate
Consumer automotive	25	$	2	—	%	—	%	75	85	10.4	%	9.8	%
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	174	—		—		—		309	470	4.6		3.4
Mortgage — Legacy	96	—		—		—		—	—	—		—
Total consumer mortgage	146	—		—		—		309	470	4.6		3.4
Consumer other
Credit Card	—	—		30.0		9.0		—	—	—		—
Total consumer other	—	—		30.0		9.0		—	—	—		—
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Other	12	—		—		—		—	—	—		—
Total commercial	12	$	—	—		—		—	—	—		—

(a)Calculated using a weighted-average balance for each portfolio class.

(b)Term is presented in number of months.

(c)Some Mortgage Finance combination loan modifications include deferrals of principal. The weighted average number of months deferred for these loans was 186 months.

The following tables present the subsequent performance of loans recorded at amortized cost, by portfolio segment and credit quality indicator, that have been modified during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023.

Three months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Current		30–59 days past due		60–89 days past due		90 or more days past due		Total
Consumer automotive
Contractual maturity extensions	$	24	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	25
Principal forgiveness	10		1		—		1		12
Total consumer automotive (a)	34		2		—		1		37
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance
Combination	1		—		—		—		1
Total Mortgage Finance	1		—		—		—		1
Total consumer mortgage	1		—		—		—		1
Consumer other
Credit Card
Interest rate concessions	1		1		—		1		3
Total consumer other	1		1		—		1		3
Total consumer	$	36	$	3	$	—	$	2	$	41

(a)During the three months ended June 30, 2023, 29 consumer automotive loans with a total amortized cost of $1 million have redefaulted.

Three months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Pass		Special mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
Commercial and industrial
Other
Payment deferrals	$	—	$	—	$	36	$	—	$	36
Contractual maturity extensions	31		—		5		—		36
Total commercial	$	31	$	—	$	41	$	—	$	72

Six months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Current		30–59 days past due		60–89 days past due		90 or more days past due		Total
Consumer automotive
Contractual maturity extensions	$	38	$	2	$	—	$	—	$	40
Principal forgiveness	10		1		—		3		14
Combination	31		2		—		—		33
Total consumer automotive (a)	79		5		—		3		87
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance
Contractual maturity extensions	2		—		—		—		2
Combination	—		—		2		—		2
Total Mortgage Finance	2		—		2		—		4
Mortgage — Legacy
Contractual maturity extensions	1		—		—		—		1
Total Mortgage — Legacy	1		—		—		—		1
Total consumer mortgage	3		—		2		—		5
Consumer other
Credit Card
Interest rate concessions	3		1		1		1		6
Total consumer other	3		1		1		1		6
Total consumer	$	85	$	6	$	3	$	4	$	98

(a)During the six months ended June 30, 2023, 41 consumer automotive loans with a total amortized cost of $1 million have redefaulted.

Six months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Pass		Special mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
Commercial and industrial
Other
Payment deferrals	$	—	$	—	$	36	$	28	$	64
Contractual maturity extensions	31		7		5		—		43
Total commercial	$	31	$	7	$	41	$	28	$	107

The following tables present information related to finance receivables and loans recorded at amortized cost modified in connection with a TDR during the period.

Three months ended June 30, 2022 ($ in millions)	Number of loans	Pre-modification amortized cost basis		Post-modification amortized cost basis
Consumer automotive	12,928	$	213	$	206
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	3	2		2
Mortgage — Legacy	3	—		—
Total consumer mortgage	6	2		2
Consumer other
Credit Card	743	1		1
Total consumer other	743	1		1
Total consumer	13,677	216		209
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Other	3	377		377
Total commercial	3	377		377
Total finance receivables and loans	13,680	$	593	$	586

Six months ended June 30, 2022 ($ in millions)	Number of loans	Pre-modification amortized cost basis		Post-modification amortized cost basis
Consumer automotive	26,379	$	444	$	433
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	9	7		7
Mortgage — Legacy	7	1		1
Total consumer mortgage	16	8		8
Consumer other
Credit Card	1,094	2		2
Total consumer other	1,094	2		2
Total consumer	27,489	454		443
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Other	4	411		411
Total commercial	4	411		411
Total finance receivables and loans	27,493	$	865	$	854

Finance Receivables and Loans Redefaulted During the Period

The following tables present information about finance receivables and loans recorded at amortized cost that have redefaulted during the reporting period and were within 12 months or less of being modified as a TDR. Redefault is when finance receivables and loans meet the requirements for evaluation under our charge-off policy except for commercial finance receivables and loans, where redefault is defined as 90 days past due.

Three months ended June 30, 2022 ($ in millions)	Number of loans	Amortized cost		Charge-off amount
Consumer automotive	2,138	$	35	$	14
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	1	—		—
Total consumer mortgage	1	—		—
Consumer other
Credit Card	79	—		—
Total consumer other	79	—		—
Total finance receivables and loans	2,218	$	35	$	14

Six months ended June 30, 2022 ($ in millions)	Number of loans	Amortized cost		Charge-off amount
Consumer automotive	4,249	$	66	$	27
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance	3	2		—
Total consumer mortgage	3	2		—
Consumer Other
Credit Card	79	—		—
Total consumer other	79	—		—
Total finance receivables and loans	4,331	$	68	$	27

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Leasing (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Maturity

The following table presents future minimum rental payments we are required to make under operating leases that have commenced as of June 30, 2023, and that have noncancelable lease terms expiring after June 30, 2023.

($ in millions)
2023	$	17
2024	32
2025	26
2026	21
2027	16
2028 and thereafter	18
Total undiscounted cash flows	130
Difference between undiscounted cash flows and discounted cash flows	(8)
Total lease liability	$	122

Lease, Cost

The following table details the components of total net operating lease expense.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease expense	$	7	$	9	$	14	$	17
Variable lease expense	1		1		2		2
Total lease expense, net (a)	$	8	$	10	$	16	$	19

(a)Included in other operating expenses in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

Schedule of Property Subject to or Available for Operating Lease

The following table details our investment in operating leases.

($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Vehicles	$	11,854	$	12,304
Accumulated depreciation	(1,924)		(1,860)
Investment in operating leases, net	$	9,930	$	10,444

Lessor, Operating Lease, Payments to be Received, Maturity

The following table presents future minimum rental payments we have the right to receive under operating leases with noncancelable lease terms expiring after June 30, 2023.

($ in millions)
2023	$	802
2024	1,157
2025	639
2026	227
2027	31
2028 and thereafter	1
Total lease payments from operating leases	$	2,857

Depreciation Expense on Operating Lease Assets

The following table summarizes the components of depreciation expense on operating lease assets.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Depreciation expense on operating lease assets (excluding remarketing gains) (a)	$	270	$	269	$	543	$	536
Remarketing gains, net	(70)		(50)		(117)		(100)
Net depreciation expense on operating lease assets	$	200	$	219	$	426	$	436

(a)Includes variable lease payments related to excess mileage and excessive wear and tear on vehicles of $2 million during both the three months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, and $4 million during both the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022.

Finance Lease, Liability, Maturity

The following table presents future minimum rental payments we have the right to receive under finance leases with noncancelable lease terms expiring after June 30, 2023.

($ in millions)
2023	$	95
2024	166
2025	144
2026	106
2027	51
2028 and thereafter	24
Total undiscounted cash flows	586
Difference between undiscounted cash flows and discounted cash flows	(62)
Present value of lease payments recorded as lease receivable	$	524

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Securitizations and Variable Interest Entities (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Securitizations And Variable Interest Entities [Abstract]

Schedule of Variable Interest Entities

The following table presents our involvement in consolidated and nonconsolidated VIEs in which we hold variable interests. We have excluded certain transactions with nonconsolidated entities from the balances presented in the table below, where our only continuing involvement relates to financial interests obtained through the ordinary course of business, primarily from lending and investing arrangements. For additional detail related to the assets and liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities refer to the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

($ in millions)	Carrying value of total assets			Carrying value of total liabilities			Assets sold to nonconsolidated VIEs (a)		Maximum exposure to loss in nonconsolidated VIEs
June 30, 2023
On-balance sheet variable interest entities
Consumer automotive	$	20,272	(b)	$	2,824	(c)	$	—	$	—
Off-balance sheet variable interest entities
Consumer automotive	—			—			653		653		(d)
Consumer other (e)	—			—			130		130
Commercial other	2,283		(f)	865		(g)	—		2,817		(h)
Total	$	22,555		$	3,689		$	783	$	3,600
December 31, 2022
On-balance sheet variable interest entities
Consumer automotive	$	20,415	(b)	$	2,553	(c)	$	—	$	—
Off-balance sheet variable interest entities
Consumer automotive	—			—			$	227	$	227	(d)
Consumer other (e)	—			—			103		103
Commercial other	2,199		(f)	873		(g)	—		2,767		(h)
Total	$	22,614		$	3,426		$	330	$	3,097

(a)Asset values represent the current unpaid principal balance of outstanding consumer automotive and credit card finance receivables and loans within the VIEs.

(b)Includes $10.1 billion and $10.6 billion of assets that were not encumbered by VIE beneficial interests held by third parties at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Ally or consolidated affiliates hold the interests in these assets.

(c)Includes $108 million and $113 million of liabilities that were not obligations to third-party beneficial interest holders at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

(d)Maximum exposure to loss represents the current unpaid principal balance of outstanding loans based on our customary representation and warranty provisions. This measure is based on the unlikely event that all the loans have underwriting defects or other defects that trigger a representation and warranty provision and the collateral supporting the loans are worthless. This required disclosure is not an indication of our expected loss.

(e)Represents balances from Ally Credit Card.

(f)Amounts are classified as other assets except for $43 million and $38 million classified as equity securities at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

(g)Amounts are classified as accrued expenses and other liabilities.

(h)For certain nonconsolidated affordable housing entities, maximum exposure to loss represents the yield we guaranteed investors through long-term guarantee contracts. The amount disclosed is based on the unlikely event that the yield delivered to investors in the form of low-income tax housing credits is recaptured. For nonconsolidated equity investments, maximum exposure to loss represents our outstanding investment, additional committed capital, and low-income housing tax credits subject to recapture. The amount disclosed is based on the unlikely event that our committed capital is funded, our investments become worthless, and the tax credits previously delivered to us are recaptured. This required disclosure is not an indication of our expected loss.

Schedule of Cash Flows with Nonconsolidated Special-Purpose Entities

The following table summarizes cash flows received and paid related to SPEs and asset-backed financings where the transfer is accounted for as a sale and we have a continuing involvement with the transferred consumer automotive and credit card assets (for example, servicing) that were outstanding during the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022. Additionally, this table contains information regarding cash flows received from and paid to nonconsolidated SPEs that existed during each period.

	Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022
Consumer automotive
Cash proceeds from transfers completed during the period	$	477	$	2
Servicing fees	6		—
Consumer other (a)
Cash proceeds from transfers completed during the period	75		45
Servicing fees	5		4
Total	$	563	$	51

(a)Represents activity from Ally Credit Card.

Schedule of Quantitative Information and Net Credit Losses about Securitized and Other Financial Assets Managed Together

The following tables present quantitative information about off-balance sheet whole-loan sales where we have continuing involvement.

	Total amount				Amount 60 days or more past due
($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Whole-loan sales (a)
Consumer automotive	$	653	$	227	$	16	$	2
Consumer other	130		103		12		8
Total	$	783	$	330	$	28	$	10

(a)Whole-loan sales are not part of a securitization transaction, but represent consumer automotive and credit card pools of loans sold to third-party investors.

	Net credit losses
	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Whole-loan sales (a)
Consumer automotive	$	3	$	—	$	4	$	—
Consumer other	8		—		13		—
Total	$	11	$	—	$	17	$	—

(a)Whole-loan sales are not part of a securitization transaction, but represent consumer automotive and credit card pools of loans sold to third-party investors.

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Other Assets (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Other Assets [Abstract]

Schedule of Other Assets

The components of other assets were as follows.

($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Property and equipment at cost	$	2,435	$	2,352
Accumulated depreciation	(1,154)		(1,076)
Net property and equipment	1,281		1,276
Investment in qualified affordable housing projects (a)	1,642		1,596
Net deferred tax assets	1,087		1,087
Nonmarketable equity investments	870		842
Accrued interest, fees, and rent receivables	847		786
Goodwill	822		822
Equity-method investments (b)	621		608
Restricted cash held for securitization trusts (c)	590		585
Other accounts receivable	155		164
Operating lease right-of-use assets	98		111
Net intangible assets	85		98
Restricted cash and cash equivalents (d)	76		66
Other assets	979		1,097
Total other assets	$	9,153	$	9,138

(a)Presented gross of the associated unfunded commitment. Refer to Note 13 for further information.

(b)Primarily relates to investments made in connection with our CRA program.

(c)Includes restricted cash collected from customer payments on securitized receivables, which are distributed by us to investors as payments on the related secured debt, and cash reserve deposits utilized as a form of credit enhancement for various securitization transactions.

(d)Primarily represents a number of arrangements with third parties where certain restrictions are placed on balances we hold due to collateral agreements associated with operational processes with a third-party bank, or letter of credit arrangements and corresponding collateral requirements.

Summary of Equity Securities without Readily Determinable Fair Value

The total carrying value of the nonmarketable equity investments held at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, including cumulative unrealized gains and losses, was as follows.

($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
FRB stock	$	415	$	401
FHLB stock	339		318
Equity investments without a readily determinable fair value
Cost basis at acquisition	92		89
Adjustments
Upward adjustments	184		177
Downward adjustments (including impairment)	(160)		(143)
Carrying amount, equity investments without a readily determinable fair value	116		123
Nonmarketable equity investments	$	870	$	842

During the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, respectively, unrealized gains and losses included in the carrying value of the nonmarketable equity investments still held as of June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, were as follows.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Upward adjustments	$	1	$	—	$	7	$	1
Downward adjustments (including impairment) (a)	$	—	$	—	$	(17)	$	(3)

(a)No impairment on FHLB and FRB stock was recognized during both the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022.

Schedule of Goodwill

The carrying balance of goodwill by reportable operating segment was as follows.

($ in millions)	Automotive Finance operations		Insurance operations		Corporate and Other (a)		Total
Goodwill at December 31, 2021	$	20	$	27	$	775	$	822
Goodwill acquired	—		—		—		—
Goodwill at December 31, 2022	$	20	$	27	$	775	$	822
Goodwill acquired	—		—		—		—
Goodwill at June 30, 2023	$	20	$	27	$	775	$	822

(a)Includes $479 million of goodwill associated with Ally Credit Card at both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, $153 million of goodwill associated with Ally Lending at both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, and $143 million of goodwill associated with Ally Invest at both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets

The net carrying value of intangible assets by class was as follows.

	June 30, 2023 (a)						December 31, 2022
($ in millions)	Gross intangible assets		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying value		Gross intangible assets		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying value
Technology	$	122	$	(61)	$	61	$	122	$	(53)	$	69
Customer lists	58		(54)		4		58		(51)		7
Purchased credit card relationships	25		(6)		19		25		(4)		21
Trademarks	2		(1)		1		2		(1)		1
Total intangible assets	$	207	$	(122)	$	85	$	207	$	(109)	$	98

(a)We expect to recognize amortization expense of $12 million during the remainder of 2023, $19 million in 2024, and $14 million per year for 2025, 2026, and 2027.

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Deposit Liabilities (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Deposits [Abstract]

Schedule of Deposit Liabilities

Deposit liabilities consisted of the following.

($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Noninterest-bearing deposits	$	160	$	185
Interest-bearing deposits
Savings, money market, and checking accounts	98,841		110,776
Certificates of deposit	55,309		41,336
Total deposit liabilities	$	154,310	$	152,297

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Debt (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Short-term Debt

The following table presents the composition of our short-term borrowings portfolio.

	June 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
($ in millions)	Unsecured		Secured (a)		Total		Unsecured		Secured (a)		Total
Federal Home Loan Bank	$	—	$	1,200	$	1,200	$	—	$	1,900	$	1,900
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	—		994		994		—		499		499
Total short-term borrowings	$	—	$	2,194	$	2,194	$	—	$	2,399	$	2,399

(a)Refer to the section below titled Long-Term Debt for further details on assets restricted as collateral for payment of the related debt.

Long-term Debt

The following tables present the composition of our long-term debt portfolio.

	June 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
($ in millions)	Unsecured		Secured		Total		Unsecured		Secured		Total
Long-term debt (a)
Due within one year	$	1,948	$	3,208	$	5,156	$	2,023	$	2,395	$	4,418
Due after one year	8,820		6,165		14,985		8,014		5,330		13,344
Total long-term debt (b)	$	10,768	$	9,373	$	20,141	$	10,037	$	7,725	$	17,762

(a)Includes basis adjustments related to the application of hedge accounting. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.

(b)Includes advances, net of hedge basis adjustments, from the FHLB of Pittsburgh of $6.7 billion and $5.3 billion at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Schedule of Maturities of Long-term Debt

The following table presents the scheduled remaining maturity of long-term debt at June 30, 2023, assuming no early redemptions will occur. The amounts below include adjustments to the carrying value resulting from the application of hedge accounting. The actual payment of secured debt may vary based on the payment activity of the related pledged assets.

($ in millions)	2023		2024		2025		2026		2027		2028 and thereafter		Total
Unsecured
Long-term debt	$	1,258	$	1,479	$	2,486	$	141	$	1,537	$	4,730	$	11,631
Original issue discount	(31)		(68)		(74)		(82)		(95)		(513)		(863)
Total unsecured	1,227		1,411		2,412		59		1,442		4,217		10,768
Secured
Long-term debt	1,673		3,114		2,061		1,814		439		272		9,373
Total long-term debt	$	2,900	$	4,525	$	4,473	$	1,873	$	1,881	$	4,489	$	20,141

Pledged Assets for the Payment of the Related Secured Borrowings and Repurchase Agreements

The following summarizes assets restricted as collateral for the payment of the related debt obligation.

($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Consumer mortgage finance receivables	$	19,187	$	19,771
Consumer automotive finance receivables	12,121		11,759
Commercial finance receivables	5,568		4,210
Investment securities (amortized cost of $5,253 and $4,288) (a)	4,371		3,525
Total assets restricted as collateral (b) (c) (d)	$	41,247	$	39,265
Secured debt (e)	$	11,567	$	10,124

(a)A portion of the restricted investment securities at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, was restricted under repurchase agreements. Refer to the section above titled Short-Term Borrowings for information on the repurchase agreements.

(b)All restricted assets are those of Ally Bank.

(c)Ally Bank has an advance agreement with the FHLB, and had assets pledged to secure borrowings that were restricted as collateral to the FHLB totaling $28.1 billion and $27.0 billion at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. These assets were primarily composed of consumer mortgage finance receivables and loans, as well as real-estate-backed loans within our Automotive Finance and Corporate Finance businesses, and non-agency mortgage-backed securities. Ally Bank has access to the FRB Discount Window and had assets pledged and restricted as collateral to the FRB totaling $2.3 billion and $2.4 billion at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. These assets were composed of consumer automotive finance receivables and loans. Availability under these programs is only for the operations of Ally Bank and cannot be used to fund the operations or liabilities of Ally or its other subsidiaries.

(d)Excludes restricted cash and cash reserves for securitization trusts recorded within other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Refer to Note 10 for additional information.

(e)Includes $2.2 billion and $2.4 billion of short-term borrowings at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

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Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities [Abstract]

Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

The components of accrued expenses and other liabilities were as follows.

($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Unfunded commitments for investment in qualified affordable housing projects	$	861	$	869
Accounts payable	515		435
Employee compensation and benefits	303		424
Deferred revenue	165		169
Reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses (a)	152		119
Operating lease liabilities	122		137
Other liabilities	513		495
Total accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	2,631	$	2,648

(a)Refer to Note 4 for further information.

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Preferred Stock (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Preferred Stock

The following table summarizes information about our preferred stock. For additional information regarding our preferred stock, refer to Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Series B preferred stock (a)
Issuance date	April 22, 2021		April 22, 2021
Carrying value ($ in millions)	$	1,335	$	1,335
Par value (per share)	$	0.01	$	0.01
Liquidation preference (per share)	$	1,000	$	1,000
Number of shares authorized	1,350,000		1,350,000
Number of shares issued and outstanding	1,350,000		1,350,000
Dividend/coupon
Prior to May 15, 2026	4.700%		4.700%
On and after May 15, 2026	Five Year Treasury + 3.868%		Five Year Treasury + 3.868%
Series C preferred stock (a)
Issuance date	June 2, 2021		June 2, 2021
Carrying value ($ in millions)	$	989	$	989
Par value (per share)	$	0.01	$	0.01
Liquidation preference (per share)	$	1,000	$	1,000
Number of shares authorized	1,000,000		1,000,000
Number of shares issued and outstanding	1,000,000		1,000,000
Dividend/coupon
Prior to May 15, 2028	4.700%		4.700%
On and after May 15, 2028	Seven Year Treasury + 3.481%		Seven Year Treasury + 3.481%

(a)We may, at our option, redeem the Series B and Series C shares on any dividend payment date on or after May 15, 2026, or May 15, 2028, respectively, or at any time within 90 days following a regulatory event that precludes the instruments from being included in additional Tier 1 capital.

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The following tables present changes, net of tax, in each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss.

	Three months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	Unrealized losses on investment securities (a)		Translation adjustments and net investment hedges (b)		Cash flow hedges (b)		Defined benefit pension plans (c)		Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Balance at April 1, 2022	$	(1,726)	$	20	$	30	$	(115)	$	(1,791)
Net change	(1,214)		(1)		(3)		—		(1,218)
Balance at June 30, 2022	$	(2,940)	$	19	$	27	$	(115)	$	(3,009)
Balance at April 1, 2023	$	(3,811)	$	18	$	17	$	—	$	(3,776)
Net change	(70)		3		(20)		—		(87)
Balance at June 30, 2023	$	(3,881)	$	21	$	(3)	$	—	$	(3,863)

(a)Represents the after-tax difference between the fair value and amortized cost of our available-for-sale securities portfolio. Refer to Note 6 for additional information.

(b)For additional information on derivative instruments and hedging activities, refer to Note 18.

(c)During 2022, we settled our qualified defined benefit pension plan. Refer to Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

	Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	Unrealized losses on investment securities (a)		Translation adjustments and net investment hedges (b)		Cash flow hedges (b)		Defined benefit pension plans (c)		Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Balance at January 1, 2022	$	(95)	$	19	$	35	$	(117)	$	(158)
Net change	(2,845)		—		(8)		2		(2,851)
Balance at June 30, 2022	$	(2,940)	$	19	$	27	$	(115)	$	(3,009)
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	(4,095)	$	18	$	18	$	—	$	(4,059)
Net change	214		3		(21)		—		196
Balance at June 30, 2023	$	(3,881)	$	21	$	(3)	$	—	$	(3,863)

(a)Represents the after-tax difference between the fair value and amortized cost of our available-for-sale securities portfolio. Refer to Note 6 for additional information.

(b)For additional information on derivative instruments and hedging activities, refer to Note 18.

(c)During 2022, we settled our qualified defined benefit pension plan. Refer to Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

Reclassification Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The following tables present the before- and after-tax changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss.

Three months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Before tax			Tax effect			After tax
Investment securities
Net unrealized losses arising during the period	$	(91)		$	21		$	(70)
Translation adjustments
Net unrealized gains arising during the period	6			(1)			5
Net investment hedges (a)
Net unrealized losses arising during the period	(3)			1			(2)
Cash flow hedges (a)
Net unrealized losses arising during the period	(22)			6			(16)
Less: Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations	5		(b)	(1)		(c)	4
Net change	(27)			7			(20)
Other comprehensive loss	$	(115)		$	28		$	(87)

(a)For additional information on derivative instruments and hedging activities, refer to Note 18.

(b)Includes gains reclassified to interest and fees on finance receivables and loans in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(c)Includes amounts reclassified to income tax expense from continuing operations in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

Three months ended June 30, 2022 ($ in millions)	Before tax			Tax effect			After tax
Investment securities
Net unrealized losses arising during the period	$	(1,588)		$	376		$	(1,212)
Less: Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations	3		(a)	(1)		(b)	2
Net change	(1,591)			377			(1,214)
Translation adjustments
Net unrealized losses arising during the period	(5)			1			(4)
Net investment hedges (c)
Net unrealized gains arising during the period	4			(1)			3
Cash flow hedges (c)
Less: Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations	5		(d)	(2)		(b)	3
Other comprehensive loss	$	(1,597)		$	379		$	(1,218)

(a)Includes gains reclassified to other gain on investments, net in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(b)Includes amounts reclassified to income tax expense from continuing operations in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(c)For additional information on derivative instruments and hedging activities, refer to Note 18.

(d)Includes gains reclassified to interest and fees on finance receivables and loans in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

Six months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Before tax			Tax effect			After tax
Investment securities
Net unrealized gains arising during the period	$	286		$	(68)		$	218
Less: Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations	5		(a)	(1)		(b)	4
Net change	281			(67)			214
Translation adjustments
Net unrealized gains arising during the period	6			(1)			5
Net investment hedges (c)
Net unrealized losses arising during the period	(3)			1			(2)
Cash flow hedges (c)
Net unrealized losses arising during the period	(18)			5			(13)
Less: Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations	10		(d)	(2)		(b)	8
Net change	(28)			7			(21)
Other comprehensive income	$	256		$	(60)		$	196

(a)Includes gains reclassified to other gain on investments, net in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(b)Includes amounts reclassified to income tax expense from continuing operations in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(c)For additional information on derivative instruments and hedging activities, refer to Note 18.

(d)Includes gains reclassified to interest and fees on finance receivables and loans in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

Six months ended June 30, 2022 ($ in millions)	Before tax			Tax effect			After tax
Investment securities
Net unrealized losses arising during the period	$	(3,708)		$	879		$	(2,829)
Less: Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations	21		(a)	(5)		(b)	16
Net change	(3,729)			884			(2,845)
Translation adjustments
Net unrealized losses arising during the period	(2)			1			(1)
Net investment hedges (c)
Net unrealized gains arising during the period	1			—			1
Cash flow hedges (c)
Less: Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations	11		(d)	(3)		(b)	8
Defined benefit pension plans
Net unrealized gains arising during the period	2			—			2
Other comprehensive loss	$	(3,739)		$	888		$	(2,851)

(a)Includes gains reclassified to other gain on investments, net in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(b)Includes amounts reclassified to income tax expense from continuing operations in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(c)For additional information on derivative instruments and hedging activities, refer to Note 18.

(d)Includes gains reclassified to interest and fees on finance receivables and loans in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

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Earnings per Common Share (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per common share.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions, except per share data; shares in thousands) (a)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income from continuing operations	$	329	$	482	$	649	$	1,137
Preferred stock dividends — Series B	(16)		(16)		(32)		(32)
Preferred stock dividends — Series C	(12)		(12)		(24)		(24)
Net income from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders	$	301	$	454	$	593	$	1,081
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	—		—		(1)		—
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	301	$	454	$	592	$	1,081
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding (b)	303,684		322,057		303,173		328,830
Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding (b)	304,646		324,027		304,050		330,882
Basic earnings per common share
Net income from continuing operations	$	0.99	$	1.41	$	1.96	$	3.29
Net income	$	0.99	$	1.41	$	1.95	$	3.29
Diluted earnings per common share
Net income from continuing operations	$	0.99	$	1.40	$	1.95	$	3.27
Net income	$	0.99	$	1.40	$	1.95	$	3.27

(a)Figures in the table may not recalculate exactly due to rounding. Earnings per share is calculated based on unrounded numbers.

(b)Includes shares related to share-based compensation that vested but were not yet issued.

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Regulatory Capital and Other Regulatory Matters (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Broker-Dealer, Net Capital Requirement, SEC Regulation [Abstract]

Schedule of Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations

The following table summarizes our capital ratios under U.S. Basel III.

	June 30, 2023				December 31, 2022				Required minimum (a)		Well-capitalized minimum
($ in millions)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
Capital ratios
Common Equity Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)
Ally Financial Inc.	$	14,791	9.29	%	$	14,592	9.27	%	4.50	%	(b)
Ally Bank	17,298		11.44		17,011		11.38		4.50		6.50	%
Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)
Ally Financial Inc.	$	17,054	10.72	%	$	16,867	10.72	%	6.00	%	6.00	%
Ally Bank	17,298		11.44		17,011		11.38		6.00		8.00
Total (to risk-weighted assets)
Ally Financial Inc.	$	19,897	12.50	%	$	19,209	12.21	%	8.00	%	10.00	%
Ally Bank	19,202		12.70		18,888		12.64		8.00		10.00
Tier 1 leverage (to adjusted quarterly average assets) (c)
Ally Financial Inc.	$	17,054	8.59	%	$	16,867	8.65	%	4.00	%	(b)
Ally Bank	17,298		9.18		17,011		9.23		4.00		5.00	%

(a)In addition to the minimum risk-based capital requirements for the Common Equity Tier 1 capital, Tier 1 capital, and total capital ratios, Ally and Ally Bank were required to maintain a minimum capital conservation buffer of 2.5% at both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

(b)Currently, there is no ratio component for determining whether a BHC is “well-capitalized.”

(c)Federal regulatory reporting guidelines require the calculation of adjusted quarterly average assets using a daily average methodology.

Schedule of Common Share Distribution Activity

The following table presents information related to our common stock and distributions to our common stockholders.

	Common stock repurchased during period (a)			Number of common shares outstanding		Cash dividends declared per common share (b)
($ in millions, except per share data; shares in thousands)	Approximate dollar value		Number of shares	Beginning of period	End of period
2022
First quarter	$	584	12,548	337,941	327,306	$	0.30
Second quarter	600		15,031	327,306	312,781	0.30
Third quarter	415		12,468	312,781	300,335	0.30
Fourth quarter	51		1,731	300,335	299,324	0.30
2023
First quarter	$	27	836	299,324	300,821	$	0.30
Second quarter	2		58	300,821	301,619	0.30

(a)Includes shares of common stock withheld to cover income taxes owed by participants in our share-based incentive plans.

(b)On July 17, 2023, our Board declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.30 per share on all common stock, payable on August 15, 2023, to stockholders of record at the close of business on August 1, 2023. Refer to Note 24 for further information regarding this common-stock dividend.

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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Derivative Instruments in Statement of Financial Position

The following table summarizes the amounts of derivative instruments reported on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The amounts are presented on a gross basis, are segregated by derivatives that are designated and qualifying as hedging instruments or those that are not, and are further segregated by type of contract within those two categories.

Derivative contracts in a receivable and payable position exclude open trade equity on derivatives cleared through central clearing counterparties. Any associated margin exchanged with our central clearing counterparties are treated as settlements of the derivative exposure, rather than collateral. Such payments are recognized as settlements of the derivatives contracts in a receivable and payable position on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Notional amounts are reference amounts from which contractual obligations are derived and are not recorded on the balance sheet. In our view, derivative notional is not an accurate measure of our derivative exposure when viewed in isolation from other factors, such as market rate fluctuations and counterparty credit risk.

	June 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Derivative contracts in a				Notional amount		Derivative contracts in a				Notional amount
($ in millions)	receivable position		payable position				receivable position		payable position
Derivatives designated as accounting hedges
Interest rate contracts
Swaps	$	—	$	—	$	38,674	$	—	$	—	$	30,619
Purchased options	32		—		6,000		22		—		2,800
Foreign exchange contracts
Forwards	—		—		163		—		1		151
Total derivatives designated as accounting hedges	32		—		44,837		22		1		33,570
Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges
Interest rate contracts
Futures and forwards	1		—		99		—		—		37
Written options	1		—		126		—		—		79
Total interest rate risk	2		—		225		—		—		116
Foreign exchange contracts
Futures and forwards	—		—		58		—		1		147
Total foreign exchange risk	—		—		58		—		1		147
Credit contracts (a)
Other credit derivatives	—		19		n/a		—		39		n/a
Total credit risk	—		19		n/a		—		39		n/a
Equity contracts
Written options	—		3		—		—		1		—
Purchased options	1		—		—		1		—		—
Total equity risk	1		3		—		1		1		—
Total derivatives not designated as accounting hedges	3		22		283		1		41		263
Total derivatives	$	35	$	22	$	45,120	$	23	$	42	$	33,833

n/a = not applicable

(a)The maximum potential amount of undiscounted future payments that could be required under these credit derivatives was $47 million and $82 million as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Schedule of Fair Value Hedging Instruments, Statements of Financial Performance and Financial Position, Location

The following table presents amounts recorded on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges.

	Carrying amount of the hedged items				Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustment included in the carrying amount of the hedged items
					Total				Discontinued (a)
($ in millions)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets
Available-for-sale securities (b)	$	14,840	$	11,265	$	(277)	$	(180)	$	(173)	$	(181)
Finance receivables and loans, net (c)	46,875		46,390		(432)		(617)		(38)		(57)
Liabilities
Long-term debt	$	7,722	$	7,697	$	105	$	112	$	105	$	120

(a)Represents the fair value hedging adjustment on qualifying hedges for which the hedging relationship was discontinued. This represents a subset of the amounts reported in the total hedging adjustment.

(b)These amounts include the amortized cost basis and unallocated basis adjustments of closed portfolios of available-for-sale securities used to designate hedging relationships in which the hedged item is the stated amount of assets in the closed portfolios anticipated to be outstanding for the designated hedge period. At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the amortized cost basis and unallocated basis adjustments of the closed portfolios used in these hedging relationships was $13.4 billion and $10.0 billion, respectively, of which $13.1 billion and $9.7 billion, respectively, represents the amortized cost basis and unallocated basis adjustments of closed portfolios designated in an active hedge relationship. At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the total cumulative basis adjustments associated with these hedging relationships was a $219 million liability and a $135 million liability, respectively, of which the portion related to discontinued hedging relationships was a $133 million liability and a $138 million liability, respectively. At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the notional amounts of the designated hedged items were $10.5 billion and $4.0 billion, respectively, with cumulative basis adjustments of a $86 million liability and a $3 million asset, respectively, which would be allocated across the entire remaining closed pool upon termination or maturity of the hedge relationship. Refer to Note 6 for a reconciliation of the amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale securities.

(c)These amounts include the carrying value of closed portfolios of loan receivables used to designate hedging relationships in which the hedged item is the stated amount of assets in the closed portfolios anticipated to be outstanding for the designated hedge period. At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the carrying value of the closed portfolios used in these hedging relationships was $46.9 billion and $46.4 billion, respectively, of which $41.9 billion and $46.1 billion, respectively, represents the carrying value of closed portfolios designated in an active hedge relationship. At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the total cumulative basis adjustments associated with these hedging relationships was a $432 million liability and a $617 million liability, respectively, of which the portion related to discontinued hedging relationships was a $38 million liability and a $57 million liability, respectively. At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the notional amounts of the designated hedged items were $26.8 billion and $22.8 billion, respectively, with cumulative basis adjustments of a $394 million liability and a $560 million liability, respectively, which would be allocated across the entire remaining closed pool upon termination or maturity of the hedge relationship.

Schedule of Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Accounting Hedge

The following table summarizes the location and amounts of gains and losses on derivative instruments not designated as accounting hedges reported in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Gain (loss) recognized in earnings
Interest rate contracts
Gain on mortgage and automotive loans, net	$	4	$	3	$	9	$	1
Other income, net of losses	—		3		—		6
Total interest rate contracts	4		6		9		7
Foreign exchange contracts
Other operating expenses	(1)		5		—		2
Total foreign exchange contracts	(1)		5		—		2
Credit contracts
Other income, net of losses	—		(1)		(5)		(2)
Total credit contracts	—		(1)		(5)		(2)
Equity contracts
Other income, net of losses	(3)		—		(7)		—
Total equity contracts	(3)		—		(7)		—
Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings	$	—	$	10	$	(3)	$	7

Schedule of Location and Amounts of Gains and Losses on Derivative Instruments

The following tables summarize the location and amounts of gains and losses on derivative instruments designated as qualifying fair value and cash flow hedges reported in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

	Interest and fees on finance receivables and loans				Interest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assets				Interest on long-term debt
Three months ended June 30, ($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships
Interest rate contracts
Hedged fixed-rate unsecured debt	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	6
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments on fixed-rate unsecured debt	—		—		—		—		—		(6)
Hedged available-for-sale securities	—		—		(238)		(47)		—		—
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments on available-for-sale securities	—		—		238		47		—		—
Hedged fixed-rate consumer automotive loans	(39)		(149)		—		—		—		—
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments on fixed-rate consumer automotive loans	39		149		—		—		—		—
Total gain on fair value hedging relationships	—		—		—		—		—		—
Gain on cash flow hedging relationships
Interest rate contracts
Hedged variable-rate commercial loans
Reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income	5		5		—		—		—		—
Total gain on cash flow hedging relationships	$	5	$	5	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total amounts presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income	$	2,721	$	1,842	$	247	$	203	$	252	$	184

	Interest and fees on finance receivables and loans				Interest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assets				Interest on long-term debt
Six months ended June 30, ($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships
Interest rate contracts
Hedged fixed-rate unsecured debt	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1	$	4
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments on fixed-rate unsecured debt	—		—		—		—		(1)		(4)
Hedged available-for-sale securities	—		—		(108)		(89)		—		—
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments on available-for-sale securities	—		—		108		89		—		—
Hedged fixed-rate consumer automotive loans	166		(453)		—		—		—		—
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments on fixed-rate consumer automotive loans	(166)		453		—		—		—		—
Total gain on fair value hedging relationships	—		—		—		—		—		—
Gain on cash flow hedging relationships
Interest rate contracts
Hedged variable-rate commercial loans
Reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income	10		11		—		—		—		—
Total gain on cash flow hedging relationships	$	10	$	11	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total amounts presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income	$	5,296	$	3,556	$	485	$	391	$	479	$	369

Schedule of Derivative Instruments

The following tables summarize the location and amounts of gains and losses related to interest and amortization on derivative instruments designated as qualifying fair value and cash flow hedges reported in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

	Interest and fees on finance receivables and loans				Interest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assets				Interest on long-term debt
Three months ended June 30, ($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships
Interest rate contracts
Amortization of deferred unsecured debt basis adjustments	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2	$	1
Interest for qualifying accounting hedges of unsecured debt	—		—		—		—		—		1
Amortization of deferred secured debt basis adjustments (FHLB advances)	—		—		—		—		—		(1)
Amortization of deferred basis adjustments of available-for-sale securities	—		—		6		4		—		—
Interest for qualifying accounting hedges of available-for-sale securities	—		—		27		—		—		—
Amortization of deferred loan basis adjustments	8		(2)		—		—		—		—
Interest for qualifying accounting hedges of consumer automotive loans held for investment	189		(5)		—		—		—		—
Total gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships	$	197	$	(7)	$	33	$	4	$	2	$	1

	Interest and fees on finance receivables and loans				Interest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assets				Interest on long-term debt
Six months ended June 30, ($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships
Interest rate contracts
Amortization of deferred unsecured debt basis adjustments	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	4	$	2
Interest for qualifying accounting hedges of unsecured debt	—		—		—		—		—		1
Amortization of deferred secured debt basis adjustments (FHLB advances)	—		—		—		—		1		(2)
Amortization of deferred basis adjustments of available-for-sale securities	—		—		11		5		—		—
Interest for qualifying accounting hedges of available-for-sale securities	—		—		40		(1)		—		—
Amortization of deferred loan basis adjustments	18		(11)		—		—		—		—
Interest for qualifying accounting hedges of consumer automotive loans held for investment	351		(23)		—		—		—		—
Total gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships	$	369	$	(34)	$	51	$	4	$	5	$	1

Schedule of Cash Flow Hedges Included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table summarizes the effect of cash flow hedges on accumulated other comprehensive loss.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Interest rate contracts
Loss recognized in other comprehensive (loss) income	$	(27)	$	(5)	$	(28)	$	(11)

Schedule of Net Investment Hedges in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table summarizes the effect of net investment hedges on accumulated other comprehensive loss.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Foreign exchange contracts (a) (b)
(Loss) gain recognized in other comprehensive (loss) income	$	(3)	$	4	$	(3)	$	1

(a)There were no amounts excluded from effectiveness testing for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, or 2022.

(b)Gains and losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss are reported as other income, net of losses, in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. There were no amounts reclassified for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, or 2022.

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Fair Value (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring Basis

The following tables display the assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis including financial instruments elected for the fair value option. We often economically hedge the fair value change of our assets or liabilities with derivatives. The tables below display the hedges separately from the hedged items; therefore, they do not directly display the impact of our risk-management activities.

	Recurring fair value measurements
June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Investment securities
Equity securities (a) (b)	$	715	$	—	$	1	$	716
Available-for-sale securities
Debt securities
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	2,029		—		—		2,029
U.S. States and political subdivisions	—		660		5		665
Foreign government	46		122		—		168
Agency mortgage-backed residential	—		15,856		—		15,856
Mortgage-backed residential	—		4,143		—		4,143
Agency mortgage-backed commercial	—		3,684		—		3,684
Asset-backed	—		383		—		383
Corporate debt	—		1,736		—		1,736
Total available-for-sale securities	2,075		26,584		5		28,664
Mortgage loans held-for-sale (c)	—		36		—		36
Other assets
Derivative contracts in a receivable position
Interest rate	—		33		1		34
Equity	1		—		—		1
Total derivative contracts in a receivable position	1		33		1		35
Total assets	$	2,791	$	26,653	$	7	$	29,451
Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
Derivative contracts in a payable position
Credit	$	—	$	—	$	19	$	19
Equity	3		—		—		3
Total derivative contracts in a payable position	3		—		19		22
Total liabilities	$	3	$	—	$	19	$	22

(a)Our direct investment in any one industry did not exceed 17%.

(b)Excludes $43 million of equity securities that are measured at fair value using the net asset value practical expedient and therefore are not classified in the fair value hierarchy.

(c)Carried at fair value due to fair value option elections.

	Recurring fair value measurements
December 31, 2022 ($ in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Investment securities
Equity securities (a) (b)	$	642	$	—	$	1	$	643
Available-for-sale securities
Debt securities
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	2,016		—		—		2,016
U.S. States and political subdivisions	—		756		4		760
Foreign government	39		107		—		146
Agency mortgage-backed residential	—		16,633		—		16,633
Mortgage-backed residential	—		4,299		—		4,299
Agency mortgage-backed commercial	—		3,535		—		3,535
Asset-backed	—		433		—		433
Corporate debt	—		1,719		—		1,719
Total available-for-sale securities	2,055		27,482		4		29,541
Mortgage loans held-for-sale (c)	—		13		—		13
Finance receivables and loans, net
Consumer other (c)	—		—		3		3
Other assets
Derivative contracts in a receivable position
Interest rate	—		22		—		22
Equity	1		—		—		1
Total derivative contracts in a receivable position	1		22		—		23
Total assets	$	2,698	$	27,517	$	8	$	30,223
Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
Derivative contracts in a payable position
Foreign currency	$	—	$	2	$	—	$	2
Credit	—		—		39		39
Equity	1		—		—		1
Total derivative contracts in a payable position	1		2		39		42
Total liabilities	$	1	$	2	$	39	$	42

(a)Our direct investment in any one industry did not exceed 15%.

(b)Excludes $38 million of equity securities that are measured at fair value using the net asset value practical expedient and therefore are not classified in the fair value hierarchy.

(c)Carried at fair value due to fair value option elections.

Fair Value, Assets Measured on a Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation

The following tables present the reconciliation for all Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. We often economically hedge the fair value change of our assets or liabilities with derivatives and other financial instruments. The Level 3 items presented below may be hedged by derivatives and other financial instruments that are classified as Level 1 or Level 2. Thus, the following tables do not fully reflect the impact of our risk-management activities.

	Equity securities (a)				Available-for-sale securities				Finance receivables and loans, net (b)
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Assets
Fair value at April 1,	$	1	$	1	$	4	$	11	$	2	$	7
Net realized/unrealized gains
Included in earnings	—		1		—		—		—		—
Included in OCI	—		—		—		—		—		—
Purchases	—		—		1		1		—		4
Sales	—		—		—		—		—		—
Issuances	—		—		—		—		—		—
Settlements	—		—		—		—		(2)		(4)
Transfers into Level 3	—		—		—		—		—		—
Transfers out of Level 3	—		—		—		—		—		—
Fair value at June 30,	$	1	$	2	$	5	$	12	$	—	$	7
Net unrealized gains still held at June 30,
Included in earnings	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Included in OCI	—		—		—		—		—		—

(a)Net realized/unrealized gains are reported as other gain (loss) on investments, net, in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(b)Carried at fair value due to fair value option elections.

	Derivative liabilities, net of derivative assets (a)
($ in millions)	2023		2022
Liabilities
Fair value at April 1,	$	42	$	61
Net realized/unrealized (gains) losses
Included in earnings	(3)		(1)
Included in OCI	—		—
Purchases	—		—
Sales	—		—
Issuances	—		—
Settlements	(25)		(10)
Transfers into Level 3	—		—
Transfers out of Level 3 (b)	4		—
Fair value at June 30,	$	18	$	50
Net unrealized gains still held at June 30,
Included in earnings	$	(1)	$	(1)
Included in OCI	—		—

(a)Net realized/unrealized (gains) losses are reported as gain on mortgage and automotive loans, net, and other income, net of losses, in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(b)Represents the settlement value of interest rate derivative assets that are transferred to loans held-for-sale within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy during the three months ended June 30, 2023. This transfer is deemed to have occurred at the end of the reporting period.

	Equity securities (a)				Available-for-sale securities				Finance receivables and loans, net (b) (c)
($ in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Assets
Fair value at January 1,	$	1	$	9	$	4	$	9	$	3	$	7
Net realized/unrealized gains (losses)
Included in earnings	—		2		—		—		—		(1)
Included in OCI	—		—		—		—		—		—
Purchases	—		—		1		3		—		8
Sales	—		(9)		—		—		—		—
Issuances	—		—		—		—		—		—
Settlements	—		—		—		—		(3)		(7)
Transfers into Level 3	—		—		—		—		—		—
Transfers out of Level 3	—		—		—		—		—		—
Fair value at June 30,	$	1	$	2	$	5	$	12	$	—	$	7
Net unrealized losses still held at June 30,
Included in earnings	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(1)
Included in OCI	—		—		—		—		—		—

(a)Net realized/unrealized gains are reported as other gain (loss) on investments, net, in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(b)Carried at fair value due to fair value option elections.

(c)Net realized/unrealized losses are reported as other income, net of losses, in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

	Derivative liabilities, net of derivative assets (a)
($ in millions)	2023		2022
Liabilities
Fair value at January 1,	$	39	$	53
Net realized/unrealized (gains) losses
Included in earnings	(3)		7
Included in OCI	—		—
Purchases	—		—
Sales	—		—
Issuances	—		—
Settlements	(25)		(10)
Transfers into Level 3	—		—
Transfers out of Level 3 (b)	7		—
Fair value at June 30,	$	18	$	50
Net unrealized gains still held at June 30,
Included in earnings	$	(1)	$	(4)
Included in OCI	—		—

(a)Net realized/unrealized (gains) losses are reported as gain on mortgage and automotive loans, net, and other income, net of losses, in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(b)Represents the settlement value of interest rate derivative assets that are transferred to loans held-for-sale within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy during the six months ended June 30, 2023. This transfer is deemed to have occurred at the end of the reporting period.

Fair Value Measurements - Nonrecurring Basis

The following tables display assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and still held at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. The amounts are generally as of the end of each period presented, which approximate the fair value measurements that occurred during each period.

	Nonrecurring fair value measurements								Lower-of-cost-or-fair-value reserve, valuation reserve, or cumulative adjustments		Total gain (loss) included in earnings
June 30, 2023 ($ in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Loans held-for-sale, net	$	—	$	—	$	261	$	261	$	—	n/m	(a)
Commercial finance receivables and loans, net (b)
Automotive	—		—		20		20		(5)		n/m	(a)
Other	—		—		101		101		(60)		n/m	(a)
Total commercial finance receivables and loans, net	—		—		121		121		(65)		n/m	(a)
Other assets
Nonmarketable equity investments	—		6		—		6		—		n/m	(a)
Repossessed and foreclosed assets (c)	—		—		11		11		(1)		n/m	(a)
Total assets	$	—	$	6	$	393	$	399	$	(66)	n/m

n/m = not meaningful

(a)We consider the applicable valuation allowance, allowance for loan losses, or cumulative adjustments to be the most relevant indicator of the impact on earnings caused by the fair value measurement. Accordingly, the table above excludes total gains and losses included in earnings for these items. The carrying values are inclusive of the respective valuation reserve, loan loss allowance, or cumulative adjustment.

(b)Represents collateral-dependent loans held for investment for which a nonrecurring measurement was made. The related allowance for loan losses represents the cumulative fair value adjustments for those specific receivables.

(c)The allowance provided for repossessed and foreclosed assets represents any cumulative valuation adjustment recognized to adjust the assets to fair value.

	Nonrecurring fair value measurements								Lower-of-cost-or-fair-value reserve, valuation reserve, or cumulative adjustments		Total gain (loss) included in earnings
December 31, 2022 ($ in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Loans held-for-sale, net	$	—	$	—	$	641	$	641	$	—	n/m	(a)
Commercial finance receivables and loans, net (b)
Automotive	—		—		3		3		—		n/m	(a)
Other	—		—		39		39		(89)		n/m	(a)
Total commercial finance receivables and loans, net	—		—		42		42		(89)		n/m	(a)
Other assets
Nonmarketable equity investments	—		—		12		12		3		n/m	(a)
Repossessed and foreclosed assets (c)	—		—		5		5		—		n/m	(a)
Total assets	$	—	$	—	$	700	$	700	$	(86)	n/m

n/m = not meaningful

(a)We consider the applicable valuation allowance, allowance for loan losses, or cumulative adjustments to be the most relevant indicator of the impact on earnings caused by the fair value measurement. Accordingly, the table above excludes total gains and losses included in earnings for these items. The carrying values are inclusive of the respective valuation reserve, loan loss allowance, or cumulative adjustment.

(b)Represents collateral-dependent loans held for investment for which a nonrecurring measurement was made. The related allowance for loan losses represents the cumulative fair value adjustments for those specific receivables.

(c)The allowance provided for repossessed and foreclosed assets represents any cumulative valuation adjustment recognized to adjust the assets to fair value.

Fair Value, by Balance Sheet Grouping

The following table presents the carrying and estimated fair value of financial instruments, except for those recorded at fair value on a recurring basis presented in the previous section of this note titled Recurring Fair Value. When possible, we use quoted market prices to determine fair value. Where quoted market prices are not available, the fair value is internally derived based on appropriate valuation methodologies with respect to the amount and timing of future cash flows and estimated discount rates. However, considerable judgment is required in interpreting current market data to develop the market assumptions and inputs necessary to estimate fair value. As such, the actual amount received to sell an asset or the amount paid to settle a liability could differ from our estimates. Fair value information presented herein was based on information available at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

			Estimated fair value
($ in millions)	Carrying value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
June 30, 2023
Financial assets
Held-to-maturity securities	$	1,030	$	—	$	850	$	—	$	850
Loans held-for-sale, net	261		—		—		261		261
Finance receivables and loans, net	134,668		—		—		135,779		135,779
FHLB/FRB stock (a)	754		—		754		—		754
Financial liabilities
Deposit liabilities	$	55,309	$	—	$	—	$	55,053	$	55,053
Short-term borrowings	2,194		—		—		2,234		2,234
Long-term debt	20,141		—		13,850		6,679		20,529
December 31, 2022
Financial assets
Held-to-maturity securities	$	1,062	$	—	$	884	$	—	$	884
Loans held-for-sale, net	641		—		—		641		641
Finance receivables and loans, net	132,034		—		—		133,856		133,856
FHLB/FRB stock (a)	719		—		719		—		719
Financial liabilities
Deposit liabilities	$	42,336	$	—	$	—	$	41,909	$	41,909
Short-term borrowings	2,399		—		—		2,417		2,417
Long-term debt	17,762		—		12,989		5,263		18,252

(a)Included in other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

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Offsetting Assets and Liabilities (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Offsetting [Abstract]

Offsetting Assets

The composition of offsetting derivative instruments, financial assets, and financial liabilities was as follows.

	Gross amounts of recognized assets/liabilities		Gross amounts offset on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet		Net amounts of assets/liabilities presented on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet		Gross amounts not offset on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet
($ in millions)							Financial instruments		Collateral (a) (b) (c)		Net amount
June 30, 2023
Assets
Derivative assets (d)	35		—		35		(1)		(29)		5
Total assets	$	35	$	—	$	35	$	(1)	$	(29)	$	5
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities (e)	22		—		22		(1)		(2)		19
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (f)	994		—		994		—		(994)		—
Total liabilities	$	1,016	$	—	$	1,016	$	(1)	$	(996)	$	19
December 31, 2022
Assets
Derivative assets	$	23	$	—	$	23	$	(1)	$	(22)	$	—
Total assets	$	23	$	—	$	23	$	(1)	$	(22)	$	—
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities (e)	$	42	$	—	$	42	$	(1)	$	(1)	$	40
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (f)	499		—		499		—		(499)		—
Total liabilities	$	541	$	—	$	541	$	(1)	$	(500)	$	40

(a)Financial collateral received/pledged shown as a balance based on the sum of all net asset and liability positions between Ally and each individual derivative counterparty.

(b)Amounts disclosed are limited to the financial asset or liability balance and, accordingly, exclude excess collateral received or pledged and noncash collateral received. We do not record noncash collateral received on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet unless certain conditions are met.

(c)Certain agreements grant us the right to sell or pledge the noncash assets we receive as collateral. We have not sold or pledged any of the noncash collateral received under these agreements.

(d)Includes derivative assets with no offsetting arrangements of $2 million as of June 30, 2023.

(e)Includes derivative liabilities with no offsetting arrangements of $19 million and $39 million as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

(f)For additional information on securities sold under agreements to repurchase, refer to Note 12.

Offsetting Liabilities

The composition of offsetting derivative instruments, financial assets, and financial liabilities was as follows.

	Gross amounts of recognized assets/liabilities		Gross amounts offset on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet		Net amounts of assets/liabilities presented on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet		Gross amounts not offset on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet
($ in millions)							Financial instruments		Collateral (a) (b) (c)		Net amount
June 30, 2023
Assets
Derivative assets (d)	35		—		35		(1)		(29)		5
Total assets	$	35	$	—	$	35	$	(1)	$	(29)	$	5
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities (e)	22		—		22		(1)		(2)		19
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (f)	994		—		994		—		(994)		—
Total liabilities	$	1,016	$	—	$	1,016	$	(1)	$	(996)	$	19
December 31, 2022
Assets
Derivative assets	$	23	$	—	$	23	$	(1)	$	(22)	$	—
Total assets	$	23	$	—	$	23	$	(1)	$	(22)	$	—
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities (e)	$	42	$	—	$	42	$	(1)	$	(1)	$	40
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (f)	499		—		499		—		(499)		—
Total liabilities	$	541	$	—	$	541	$	(1)	$	(500)	$	40

(a)Financial collateral received/pledged shown as a balance based on the sum of all net asset and liability positions between Ally and each individual derivative counterparty.

(b)Amounts disclosed are limited to the financial asset or liability balance and, accordingly, exclude excess collateral received or pledged and noncash collateral received. We do not record noncash collateral received on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet unless certain conditions are met.

(c)Certain agreements grant us the right to sell or pledge the noncash assets we receive as collateral. We have not sold or pledged any of the noncash collateral received under these agreements.

(d)Includes derivative assets with no offsetting arrangements of $2 million as of June 30, 2023.

(e)Includes derivative liabilities with no offsetting arrangements of $19 million and $39 million as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

(f)For additional information on securities sold under agreements to repurchase, refer to Note 12.

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Segment Information (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment

Financial information for our reportable operating segments is summarized as follows.

Three months ended June 30, ($ in millions)	Automotive Finance operations		Insurance operations		Mortgage Finance operations		Corporate Finance operations		Corporate and Other		Consolidated (a)
2023
Net financing revenue and other interest income	$	1,349	$	29	$	53	$	92	$	50	$	1,573
Other revenue	83		337		5		28		53		506
Total net revenue	1,432		366		58		120		103		2,079
Provision for credit losses	331		—		—		15		81		427
Total noninterest expense	600		358		37		33		221		1,249
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense	$	501	$	8	$	21	$	72	$	(199)	$	403
Total assets	$	113,757	$	8,890	$	18,997	$	10,190	$	45,407	$	197,241
2022
Net financing revenue and other interest income	$	1,301	$	20	$	56	$	77	$	310	$	1,764
Other revenue	72		158		4		19		59		312
Total net revenue	1,373		178		60		96		369		2,076
Provision for credit losses	228		—		—		8		68		304
Total noninterest expense	545		300		54		28		211		1,138
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense	$	600	$	(122)	$	6	$	60	$	90	$	634
Total assets	$	107,178	$	8,819	$	19,126	$	8,890	$	41,690	$	185,703

(a)Net financing revenue and other interest income after the provision for credit losses totaled $1.1 billion and $1.5 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

Six months ended June 30, ($ in millions)	Automotive Finance operations		Insurance operations		Mortgage Finance operations		Corporate Finance operations		Corporate and Other		Consolidated (a)
2023
Net financing revenue and other interest income	$	2,671	$	55	$	107	$	195	$	147	$	3,175
Other revenue	160		718		9		57		60		1,004
Total net revenue	2,831		773		116		252		207		4,179
Provision for credit losses	682		—		(1)		30		162		873
Total noninterest expense	1,206		673		75		78		483		2,515
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense	$	943	$	100	$	42	$	144	$	(438)	$	791
Total assets	$	113,757	$	8,890	$	18,997	$	10,190	$	45,407	$	197,241
2022
Net financing revenue and other interest income	$	2,596	$	37	$	109	$	160	$	555	$	3,457
Other revenue	140		428		18		43		125		754
Total net revenue	2,736		465		127		203		680		4,211
Provision for credit losses	332		—		—		14		125		471
Total noninterest expense	1,079		574		110		65		432		2,260
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense	$	1,325	$	(109)	$	17	$	124	$	123	$	1,480
Total assets	$	107,178	$	8,819	$	19,126	$	8,890	$	41,690	$	185,703

(a)Net financing revenue and other interest income after the provision for credit losses totaled $2.3 billion and $3.0 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

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Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	$ 245	$ 226	$ 488	$ 447
All other revenue	261	86	516	307
Total other revenue	506	312	1,004	754
Remarketing gains (losses), net	70	50	117	100
Automotive Finance operations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	36	35	74	67
All other revenue	47	37	86	73
Total other revenue	83	72	160	140
Remarketing gains (losses), net	70	50	117	100
Insurance operations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	175	167	347	333
All other revenue	162	(9)	371	95
Total other revenue	337	158	718	428
Mortgage Finance operations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
All other revenue	5	4	9	18
Total other revenue	5	4	9	18
Corporate Finance operations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
All other revenue	28	19	57	43
Total other revenue	28	19	57	43
Corporate and Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	34	24	67	47
All other revenue	19	35	(7)	78
Total other revenue	53	59	60	125
Noninsurance contracts
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	171	163	340	325
Noninsurance contracts | Automotive Finance operations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Noninsurance contracts | Insurance operations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	171	163	340	325
Unearned revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount	3,000	3,000	3,000	3,000	$ 3,000	$ 3,000	$ 3,000	$ 3,100
Unearned revenue, revenue recognized	243	234	484	465
Capitalized contract cost, net	1,800	1,800	1,800	1,800	$ 1,800	$ 1,800	$ 1,800	$ 1,900
Capitalized contract cost, amortization	144	140	288	277
Noninsurance contracts | Insurance operations | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-07-01
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Unearned revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 464		$ 464
Remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period	6 months		6 months
Noninsurance contracts | Insurance operations | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-01-01
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Unearned revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 812		$ 812
Remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period	1 year		1 year
Noninsurance contracts | Insurance operations | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-01-01
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Unearned revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 644		$ 644
Remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period	1 year		1 year
Noninsurance contracts | Insurance operations | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2026-01-01
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Unearned revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 467		$ 467
Remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period	1 year		1 year
Noninsurance contracts | Insurance operations | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2027-01-01
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Unearned revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 582		$ 582
Remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period
Noninsurance contracts | Mortgage Finance operations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	$ 0	0	$ 0	0
Noninsurance contracts | Corporate Finance operations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Noninsurance contracts | Corporate and Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Remarketing fee income
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	31	29	64	56
Remarketing fee income | Automotive Finance operations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	31	29	64	56
Remarketing fee income | Insurance operations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Remarketing fee income | Mortgage Finance operations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Remarketing fee income | Corporate Finance operations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Remarketing fee income | Corporate and Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Brokerage commissions and other revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	23	13	46	24
Brokerage commissions and other revenue | Automotive Finance operations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Brokerage commissions and other revenue | Insurance operations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Brokerage commissions and other revenue | Mortgage Finance operations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Brokerage commissions and other revenue | Corporate Finance operations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Brokerage commissions and other revenue | Corporate and Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	23	13	46	24
Banking fees and interchange income
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	11	10	21	21
Customer rewards expense	5	3	9	6
Banking fees and interchange income | Automotive Finance operations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Banking fees and interchange income | Insurance operations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Banking fees and interchange income | Mortgage Finance operations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Banking fees and interchange income | Corporate Finance operations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Banking fees and interchange income | Corporate and Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	11	10	21	21
Brokered/agent commissions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	4	4	7	8
Brokered/agent commissions | Automotive Finance operations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Brokered/agent commissions | Insurance operations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	4	4	7	8
Brokered/agent commissions | Mortgage Finance operations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Brokered/agent commissions | Corporate Finance operations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Brokered/agent commissions | Corporate and Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Product and Service, Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	5	7	10	13
Product and Service, Other | Automotive Finance operations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	5	6	10	11
Product and Service, Other | Insurance operations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Product and Service, Other | Mortgage Finance operations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Product and Service, Other | Corporate Finance operations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Product and Service, Other | Corporate and Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from contracts with customers	$ 0	$ 1	$ 0	$ 2

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Other Income, Net of Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Other Nonoperating Income (Expense) [Abstract]
Late charges and other administrative fees	$ 48	$ 38	$ 95	$ 75
Remarketing fees	31	29	64	56
Income (loss) from equity-method investments	15	25	(3)	45
Gain (loss) on nonmarketable equity investments, net	0	3	(11)	2
Other, net	71	57	134	117
Total other income, net of losses	$ 165	$ 152	$ 279	$ 295

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Reserves for Insurance Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Roll Forward]
Gross reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses, beginning balance			$ 119	$ 122
Less: Reinsurance recoverable			72	81
Net reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses	$ 80	$ 50	80	50	$ 47	$ 41
Current year			218	151
Prior years			4	(4)
Total net insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred	134	89	222	147
Current year			(154)	(114)
Prior years			(35)	(24)
Total net insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses paid or payable			(189)	(138)
Plus: Reinsurance recoverable	72	81	72	81
Gross reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses, ending balance	$ 152	$ 131	$ 152	$ 131

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Other Operating Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Operating Expenses [Abstract]
Insurance commissions	$ 158	$ 151	$ 315	$ 300
Technology and communications	111	100	219	197
Advertising and marketing	79	77	157	149
Lease and loan administration	53	54	101	105
Property and equipment depreciation	48	41	95	80
Regulatory and licensing fees	39	22	74	48
Professional services	36	47	68	90
Vehicle remarketing and repossession	28	22	55	42
Amortization of intangible assets	6	8	13	16
Other	109	90	211	156
Total other operating expenses	$ 667	$ 612	$ 1,308	$ 1,183

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Investment Securities (Investment Portfolio) (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Available-for-sale securities
Total	$ 33,809,000,000	$ 34,863,000,000
Gross unrealized gains	1,000,000	5,000,000
Gross unrealized losses	(5,146,000,000)	(5,327,000,000)
Fair value	28,664,000,000	29,541,000,000
Held-to-maturity securities
Amortized cost	1,030,000,000	1,062,000,000
Gross unrealized gains	0	0
Gross unrealized losses	(180,000,000)	(178,000,000)
Fair value	850,000,000	884,000,000
Debt securities, available-for-sale, accrued interest receivable	$ 87,000,000	$ 91,000,000
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accrued Interest, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other assets	Other assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale, allowance for credit loss, excluding accrued interest	$ 0	$ 0
Debt securities, held-to-maturity, allowance for credit loss, excluding accrued interest	0	0
Debt securities, held-to-maturity, accrued interest receivable	2,000,000	2,000,000
Operating Segments | Insurance operations
Held-to-maturity securities
Deposit securities	13,000,000	12,000,000
Asset Pledged as Collateral with Right
Available-for-sale securities
Fair value	5,000,000,000	3,900,000,000
Held-to-maturity securities
Securities with the right to sell or pledge	1,700,000,000	899,000,000
Asset Pledged as Collateral with Right | Federal Home Loan Bank advances
Held-to-maturity securities
Securities with the right to sell or pledge	3,300,000,000	3,000,000,000
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
Available-for-sale securities
Total	2,277,000,000	2,272,000,000
Gross unrealized gains	0	0
Gross unrealized losses	(248,000,000)	(256,000,000)
Fair value	2,029,000,000	2,016,000,000
U.S. States and political subdivisions
Available-for-sale securities
Total	746,000,000	841,000,000
Gross unrealized gains	0	1,000,000
Gross unrealized losses	(81,000,000)	(82,000,000)
Fair value	665,000,000	760,000,000
Foreign government
Available-for-sale securities
Total	180,000,000	158,000,000
Gross unrealized gains	0	0
Gross unrealized losses	(12,000,000)	(12,000,000)
Fair value	168,000,000	146,000,000
Agency mortgage-backed security
Available-for-sale securities
Total	18,808,000,000	19,668,000,000
Gross unrealized gains	0	3,000,000
Gross unrealized losses	(2,952,000,000)	(3,038,000,000)
Fair value	15,856,000,000	16,633,000,000
Held-to-maturity securities
Amortized cost	1,030,000,000	1,062,000,000
Gross unrealized gains	0	0
Gross unrealized losses	(180,000,000)	(178,000,000)
Fair value	850,000,000	884,000,000
Hedged liability, fair value hedge, cumulative increase (decrease)	75,000,000	12,000,000
Mortgage-backed residential
Available-for-sale securities
Total	4,961,000,000	5,154,000,000
Gross unrealized gains	0	0
Gross unrealized losses	(818,000,000)	(855,000,000)
Fair value	4,143,000,000	4,299,000,000
Agency mortgage-backed commercial
Available-for-sale securities
Total	4,499,000,000	4,380,000,000
Gross unrealized gains	0	0
Gross unrealized losses	(815,000,000)	(845,000,000)
Fair value	3,684,000,000	3,535,000,000
Held-to-maturity securities
Hedged liability, fair value hedge, cumulative increase (decrease)	11,000,000
Hedged asset, fair value hedge, cumulative increase (decrease)		15,000,000
Asset-backed
Available-for-sale securities
Total	404,000,000	459,000,000
Gross unrealized gains	0	0
Gross unrealized losses	(21,000,000)	(26,000,000)
Fair value	383,000,000	433,000,000
Corporate debt
Available-for-sale securities
Total	1,934,000,000	1,931,000,000
Gross unrealized gains	1,000,000	1,000,000
Gross unrealized losses	(199,000,000)	(213,000,000)
Fair value	$ 1,736,000,000	$ 1,719,000,000

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Investment Securities (Investments Classified by Contractual Maturity Date) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Amount
Total available-for-sale securities	$ 28,664	$ 29,541
Due in one year or less	162	125
Due after one year through five years	2,493	2,229
Due after five years through ten years	3,384	3,476
Due after ten years	$ 22,625	$ 23,711
Yield
Total	2.50%	2.50%
Due in one year or less	2.30%	2.30%
Due after one year through five years	1.90%	1.90%
Due after five years through ten years	2.30%	2.10%
Due after ten years	2.60%	2.60%
Amortized cost of available-for-sale securities
Total	$ 33,809	$ 34,863
Due in one year or less	166	126
Due after one year through five years	2,695	2,403
Due after five years through ten years	3,916	4,048
Due after ten years	27,032	28,286
Amount
Total	1,030	1,062
Due in one year or less	0	0
Due after one year through five years	0	0
Due after five years through ten years	0	0
Due after ten years	$ 1,030	$ 1,062
Yield
Total	2.80%	2.80%
Due in one year or less	0.00%	0.00%
Due after one year through five years	0.00%	0.00%
Due after five years through ten years	0.00%	0.00%
Due after ten years	2.80%	2.80%
Cash equivalents	$ 45	$ 18
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
Amount
Total available-for-sale securities	2,029	2,016
Due in one year or less	14	0
Due after one year through five years	920	716
Due after five years through ten years	1,095	1,300
Due after ten years	$ 0	$ 0
Yield
Total	1.60%	1.60%
Due in one year or less	2.30%	0.00%
Due after one year through five years	1.30%	1.30%
Due after five years through ten years	1.80%	1.70%
Due after ten years	0.00%	0.00%
Amortized cost of available-for-sale securities
Total	$ 2,277	$ 2,272
U.S. States and political subdivisions
Amount
Total available-for-sale securities	665	760
Due in one year or less	6	26
Due after one year through five years	55	60
Due after five years through ten years	106	112
Due after ten years	$ 498	$ 562
Yield
Total	3.10%	3.20%
Due in one year or less	3.50%	2.70%
Due after one year through five years	2.70%	2.70%
Due after five years through ten years	3.40%	3.30%
Due after ten years	3.10%	3.20%
Amortized cost of available-for-sale securities
Total	$ 746	$ 841
Foreign government
Amount
Total available-for-sale securities	168	146
Due in one year or less	22	13
Due after one year through five years	74	74
Due after five years through ten years	72	59
Due after ten years	$ 0	$ 0
Yield
Total	2.00%	1.80%
Due in one year or less	1.20%	0.80%
Due after one year through five years	2.10%	1.80%
Due after five years through ten years	2.10%	1.90%
Due after ten years	0.00%	0.00%
Amortized cost of available-for-sale securities
Total	$ 180	$ 158
Agency mortgage-backed security
Amount
Total available-for-sale securities	15,856	16,633
Due in one year or less	0	0
Due after one year through five years	5	0
Due after five years through ten years	42	27
Due after ten years	$ 15,809	$ 16,606
Yield
Total	2.60%	2.60%
Due in one year or less	0.00%	0.00%
Due after one year through five years	2.00%	0.00%
Due after five years through ten years	2.40%	2.00%
Due after ten years	2.60%	2.60%
Amortized cost of available-for-sale securities
Total	$ 18,808	$ 19,668
Amount
Total	1,030	1,062
Due in one year or less	0	0
Due after one year through five years	0	0
Due after five years through ten years	0	0
Due after ten years	$ 1,030	$ 1,062
Yield
Total	2.80%	2.80%
Due in one year or less	0.00%	0.00%
Due after one year through five years	0.00%	0.00%
Due after five years through ten years	0.00%	0.00%
Due after ten years	2.80%	2.80%
Hedged liability, fair value hedge, cumulative increase (decrease)	$ 75	$ 12
Mortgage-backed residential
Amount
Total available-for-sale securities	4,143	4,299
Due in one year or less	0	0
Due after one year through five years	0	0
Due after five years through ten years	12	14
Due after ten years	$ 4,131	$ 4,285
Yield
Total	2.80%	2.80%
Due in one year or less	0.00%	0.00%
Due after one year through five years	0.00%	0.00%
Due after five years through ten years	2.90%	2.90%
Due after ten years	2.80%	2.80%
Amortized cost of available-for-sale securities
Total	$ 4,961	$ 5,154
Agency mortgage-backed commercial
Amount
Total available-for-sale securities	3,684	3,535
Due in one year or less	0	0
Due after one year through five years	101	66
Due after five years through ten years	1,411	1,234
Due after ten years	$ 2,172	$ 2,235
Yield
Total	2.20%	2.20%
Due in one year or less	0.00%	0.00%
Due after one year through five years	3.20%	3.10%
Due after five years through ten years	2.30%	2.10%
Due after ten years	2.10%	2.10%
Amortized cost of available-for-sale securities
Total	$ 4,499	$ 4,380
Yield
Hedged liability, fair value hedge, cumulative increase (decrease)	11
Hedged asset, fair value hedge, cumulative increase (decrease)		15
Asset-backed
Amount
Total available-for-sale securities	383	433
Due in one year or less	0	0
Due after one year through five years	371	401
Due after five years through ten years	11	25
Due after ten years	$ 1	$ 7
Yield
Total	1.80%	1.70%
Due in one year or less	0.00%	0.00%
Due after one year through five years	1.70%	1.70%
Due after five years through ten years	5.10%	1.80%
Due after ten years	2.70%	3.50%
Amortized cost of available-for-sale securities
Total	$ 404	$ 459
Corporate debt
Amount
Total available-for-sale securities	1,736	1,719
Due in one year or less	120	86
Due after one year through five years	967	912
Due after five years through ten years	635	705
Due after ten years	$ 14	$ 16
Yield
Total	2.60%	2.40%
Due in one year or less	2.40%	2.40%
Due after one year through five years	2.50%	2.30%
Due after five years through ten years	2.70%	2.60%
Due after ten years	5.60%	4.90%
Amortized cost of available-for-sale securities
Total	$ 1,934	$ 1,931

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Investment Securities (Investment Income) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Interest and dividends on investment securities	$ 247	$ 203	$ 485	$ 391
Excludes other earning assets
Taxable interest	229	186	446	360
Taxable dividends	4	4	7	8
Interest and dividends exempt from U.S. federal income tax	5	5	11	10
Interest and dividends on investment securities	$ 238	$ 195	$ 464	$ 378

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Investment Securities (Schedule Of Realized Gain (Loss)) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Gross realized gains	$ 0	$ 3	$ 5	$ 21
Net realized gain on available-for-sale securities	0	3	5	21
Net realized gain on equity securities	1	10	6	62
Net unrealized gain (loss) on equity securities	25	(137)	89	(202)
Other gain (loss) on investments, net	$ 26	$ (124)	$ 100	$ (119)

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Investment securities (Investments Classified by Credit Rating) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule of Held-to-maturity Securities [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity securities	$ 1,030	$ 1,062
Agency mortgage-backed security
Schedule of Held-to-maturity Securities [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity securities	1,030	1,062
AA
Schedule of Held-to-maturity Securities [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity securities	1,030	1,062
AA | Agency mortgage-backed security
Schedule of Held-to-maturity Securities [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity securities	$ 1,030	$ 1,062

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Investment Securities (Schedule of Unrealized Loss on Investments) (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Less than 12 months
Fair value	$ 2,267,000,000	$ 12,548,000,000
Unrealized loss	(106,000,000)	(1,503,000,000)
12 months or longer
Fair value	26,186,000,000	16,660,000,000
Unrealized loss	(5,040,000,000)	(3,824,000,000)
Credit reserves	0	0
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
Less than 12 months
Fair value	9,000,000	529,000,000
Unrealized loss	(1,000,000)	(68,000,000)
12 months or longer
Fair value	2,019,000,000	1,487,000,000
Unrealized loss	(247,000,000)	(188,000,000)
U.S. States and political subdivisions
Less than 12 months
Fair value	193,000,000	547,000,000
Unrealized loss	(3,000,000)	(55,000,000)
12 months or longer
Fair value	439,000,000	135,000,000
Unrealized loss	(78,000,000)	(27,000,000)
Foreign government
Less than 12 months
Fair value	23,000,000	75,000,000
Unrealized loss	(1,000,000)	(4,000,000)
12 months or longer
Fair value	143,000,000	71,000,000
Unrealized loss	(11,000,000)	(8,000,000)
Agency mortgage-backed security
Less than 12 months
Fair value	1,219,000,000	7,472,000,000
Unrealized loss	(64,000,000)	(892,000,000)
12 months or longer
Fair value	14,621,000,000	8,978,000,000
Unrealized loss	(2,888,000,000)	(2,146,000,000)
Mortgage-backed residential
Less than 12 months
Fair value	259,000,000	1,985,000,000
Unrealized loss	(12,000,000)	(289,000,000)
12 months or longer
Fair value	3,867,000,000	2,287,000,000
Unrealized loss	(806,000,000)	(566,000,000)
Agency mortgage-backed commercial
Less than 12 months
Fair value	366,000,000	996,000,000
Unrealized loss	(19,000,000)	(124,000,000)
12 months or longer
Fair value	3,233,000,000	2,535,000,000
Unrealized loss	(796,000,000)	(721,000,000)
Asset-backed
Less than 12 months
Fair value	49,000,000	162,000,000
Unrealized loss	(1,000,000)	(4,000,000)
12 months or longer
Fair value	328,000,000	272,000,000
Unrealized loss	(20,000,000)	(22,000,000)
Corporate debt
Less than 12 months
Fair value	149,000,000	782,000,000
Unrealized loss	(5,000,000)	(67,000,000)
12 months or longer
Fair value	1,536,000,000	895,000,000
Unrealized loss	$ (194,000,000)	$ (146,000,000)

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Finance Receivables and Loans, Net (Schedule of Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivables) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total finance receivables and loans	$ 138,449		$ 135,748
Unamortized premiums and discounts and deferred fees and costs	2,300		2,300
Accrued interest receivable	763		707
Consumer
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total finance receivables and loans	107,370		106,610
Consumer | Automotive
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total finance receivables and loans	84,294		83,286
Consumer | Consumer mortgage
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total finance receivables and loans	19,149		19,735
Consumer | Mortgage Finance
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total finance receivables and loans	18,894		19,445
Interest-only mortgage loans	2		3
Consumer | Mortgage - Legacy
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total finance receivables and loans	255		290
Interest-only mortgage loans	15		17
Consumer | Other
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total finance receivables and loans	3,927		3,589
Fair value, option, carrying amount, financing receivable, no allowance		$ 2	3	$ 7	$ 7	$ 7
Consumer | Personal Lending
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total finance receivables and loans	2,170		1,990
Consumer | Credit Card
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total finance receivables and loans	1,757		1,599
Commercial
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total finance receivables and loans	31,079		29,138
Commercial | Automotive
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total finance receivables and loans	16,293		14,595
Commercial | Consumer mortgage
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total finance receivables and loans	5,662		5,389
Commercial | Other
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total finance receivables and loans	$ 9,124		$ 9,154

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Finance Receivables and Loans, Net (Allowance for Credit Losses on Financing Receivables) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Financing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Allowance, beginning balance	$ 3,751	$ 3,301	$ 3,711	$ 3,267
Charge-offs	(629)	(331)	(1,230)	(632)
Recoveries	230	178	422	346
Net charge-offs	(399)	(153)	(808)	(286)
Provision for credit losses	429	302	878	469
Other	0	0	0	0
Allowance, ending balance	3,781	3,450	3,781	3,450
Unfunded Loan Commitment
Financing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Provision for credit losses	(2)	2	(5)	2
Consumer
Financing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Charge-offs			(1,169)
Consumer | Automotive
Financing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Allowance, beginning balance	3,022	2,763	3,020	2,769
Charge-offs	(496)	(277)	(1,032)	(553)
Recoveries	219	169	404	332
Net charge-offs	(277)	(108)	(628)	(221)
Provision for credit losses	320	230	673	337
Other	(1)	0	(1)	0
Allowance, ending balance	3,064	2,885	3,064	2,885
Consumer | Consumer mortgage
Financing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Allowance, beginning balance	23	26	27	27
Charge-offs	(2)	(1)	(3)	(2)
Recoveries	3	5	5	8
Net charge-offs	1	4	2	6
Provision for credit losses	(2)	(3)	(6)	(6)
Other	1	(1)	0	(1)
Allowance, ending balance	23	26	23	26
Consumer | Consumer other
Financing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Allowance, beginning balance	455	258	426	221
Charge-offs	(70)	(27)	(134)	(51)
Recoveries	7	3	12	4
Net charge-offs	(63)	(24)	(122)	(47)
Provision for credit losses	84	70	172	129
Other	0	(1)	0	0
Allowance, ending balance	476	303	476	303
Fair value, option, carrying amount, financing receivable, no allowance		7		7	$ 2	$ 3	$ 7	$ 7
Commercial
Financing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Allowance, beginning balance	251	254	238	250
Charge-offs	(61)	(26)	(61)	(26)
Recoveries	1	1	1	2
Net charge-offs	(60)	(25)	(60)	(24)
Provision for credit losses	27	5	39	9
Other	0	2	1	1
Allowance, ending balance	$ 218	$ 236	218	$ 236
Commercial | Automotive
Financing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Charge-offs			(4)
Commercial | Consumer other
Financing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Charge-offs			$ (57)

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Finance Receivables and Loans, Net (Schedule of Sales of Financing Receivables and Loans) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total sales and transfers	$ 0	$ 2	$ 1	$ 2
Consumer | Consumer mortgage
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total sales and transfers	$ 0	$ 2	$ 1	$ 2

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Finance Receivables and Loans, Net (Schedule of Purchases of Financing Receivables and Loans) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total purchases of finance receivables and loans	$ 1,085	$ 2,367	$ 1,852	$ 3,685
Consumer | Automotive
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total purchases of finance receivables and loans	1,080	1,558	1,838	2,051
Consumer | Consumer mortgage
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total purchases of finance receivables and loans	5	808	7	1,633
Commercial
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total purchases of finance receivables and loans	$ 0	$ 1	$ 7	$ 1

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Finance Receivables and Loans, Net (Schedule of Financing Receivables, Nonaccrual Status) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Financing receivable, recorded investment, nonaccrual status	$ 1,404		$ 1,404		$ 1,384	$ 1,454	$ 1,388	$ 1,436
Financing receivable, nonaccrual, with no allowance	546		546			519
Financing receivable, nonaccrual, interest income	4	$ 3	7	$ 6
Consumer
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Financing receivable, recorded investment, nonaccrual status	1,216		1,216		1,225	1,292	1,167	1,179
Financing receivable, nonaccrual, with no allowance	534		534			484
Consumer | Automotive
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Financing receivable, recorded investment, nonaccrual status	1,098		1,098		1,110	1,187	1,072	1,078
Financing receivable, nonaccrual, with no allowance	501		501			445
Consumer | Consumer mortgage
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Financing receivable, recorded investment, nonaccrual status	52		52		49	49	75	85
Financing receivable, nonaccrual, with no allowance	33		33			39
Consumer | Mortgage Finance
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Financing receivable, recorded investment, nonaccrual status	38		38		34	34	51	59
Financing receivable, nonaccrual, with no allowance	20		20			25
Consumer | Mortgage - Legacy
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Financing receivable, recorded investment, nonaccrual status	14		14		15	15	24	26
Financing receivable, nonaccrual, with no allowance	13		13			14
Consumer | Other
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Financing receivable, recorded investment, nonaccrual status	66		66		66	56	20	16
Financing receivable, nonaccrual, with no allowance	0		0			0
Consumer | Personal Lending
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Financing receivable, recorded investment, nonaccrual status	11		11		12	13	6	5
Financing receivable, nonaccrual, with no allowance	0		0			0
Consumer | Credit Card
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Financing receivable, recorded investment, nonaccrual status	55		55		54	43	14	11
Financing receivable, nonaccrual, with no allowance	0		0			0
Commercial
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Financing receivable, recorded investment, nonaccrual status	188		188		159	162	221	257
Financing receivable, nonaccrual, with no allowance	12		12			35
Commercial | Automotive
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Financing receivable, recorded investment, nonaccrual status	24		24		0	5	3	33
Financing receivable, nonaccrual, with no allowance	7		7			2
Commercial | Consumer mortgage
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Financing receivable, recorded investment, nonaccrual status	3		3		0	0	1	3
Financing receivable, nonaccrual, with no allowance	0		0			0
Commercial | Other
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Financing receivable, recorded investment, nonaccrual status	161		161		$ 159	157	$ 217	$ 221
Financing receivable, nonaccrual, with no allowance	$ 5		$ 5			$ 33

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Finance Receivables and Loans, Net (Financing Receivable Credit Quality Indicators Consumer) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total finance receivables and loans	$ 138,449		$ 135,748
Consumer
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total finance receivables and loans	107,370		106,610
Consumer | Excludes fair value option elected other loans
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year			40,946
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year			34,750
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year			12,893
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year			7,698
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year			4,071
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year			4,994
Revolving loans			1,794
Revolving loans converted to term			21
Total finance receivables and loans			107,167
Consumer | Consumer automotive, excludes basis adjustment
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	16,653		37,114
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	31,853		23,415
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	19,101		10,893
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	8,546		6,872
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	5,071		3,480
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	3,464		2,072
Revolving loans	0		0
Revolving loans converted to term	0		0
Total finance receivables and loans	84,688		83,846
Basis adjustment for active hedge	394		560
Consumer | Consumer mortgage
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	62		2,309
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	2,242		10,927
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	10,657		1,950
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	1,890		821
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	777		590
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	3,334		2,922
Revolving loans	167		195
Revolving loans converted to term	20		21
Total finance receivables and loans	19,149		19,735
Consumer | Mortgage Finance
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	62		2,309
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	2,242		10,927
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	10,657		1,950
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	1,890		821
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	777		590
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	3,266		2,848
Revolving loans	0		0
Revolving loans converted to term	0		0
Total finance receivables and loans	18,894		19,445
Consumer | Mortgage - Legacy
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	0		0
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	0		0
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	0		0
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	0		0
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	0		0
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	68		74
Revolving loans	167		195
Revolving loans converted to term	20		21
Total finance receivables and loans	255		290
Consumer | Other
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	723
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	1,123
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	288
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	33
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	3
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	0
Revolving loans	1,757
Revolving loans converted to term	0
Total finance receivables and loans	3,927		3,589
Fair value, option, carrying amount, financing receivable, no allowance		$ 2	3	$ 7	$ 7	$ 7
Consumer | Other | Excludes fair value option elected other loans
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year			1,523
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year			408
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year			50
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year			5
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year			1
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year			0
Revolving loans			1,599
Revolving loans converted to term			0
Total finance receivables and loans			3,586
Consumer | Personal Lending
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	723
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	1,123
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	288
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	33
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	3
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	0
Revolving loans	0
Revolving loans converted to term	0
Total finance receivables and loans	2,170		1,990
Consumer | Personal Lending | Excludes fair value option elected other loans
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year			1,523
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year			408
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year			50
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year			5
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year			1
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year			0
Revolving loans			0
Revolving loans converted to term			0
Total finance receivables and loans			1,987
Consumer | Credit card receivables
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	0		0
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	0		0
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	0		0
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	0		0
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	0		0
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	0		0
Revolving loans	1,757		1,599
Revolving loans converted to term	0		0
Total finance receivables and loans	1,757		1,599
Consumer Portfolio Segment, Excludes Basis Adjustment for Automotive Loans
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	17,438
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	35,218
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	30,046
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	10,469
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	5,851
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	6,798
Revolving loans	1,924
Revolving loans converted to term	20
Total finance receivables and loans	107,764
Current | Consumer | Consumer automotive, excludes basis adjustment
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	16,474		36,127
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	30,508		22,102
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	17,946		10,341
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	8,098		6,451
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	4,757		3,237
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	3,199		1,890
Revolving loans	0		0
Revolving loans converted to term	0		0
Total finance receivables and loans	80,982		80,148
Current | Consumer | Mortgage Finance
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	62		2,292
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	2,233		10,893
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	10,641		1,946
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	1,885		815
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	769		577
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	3,223		2,805
Revolving loans	0		0
Revolving loans converted to term	0		0
Total finance receivables and loans	18,813		19,328
Current | Consumer | Mortgage - Legacy
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	0		0
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	0		0
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	0		0
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	0		0
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	0		0
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	58		62
Revolving loans	164		191
Revolving loans converted to term	17		18
Total finance receivables and loans	239		271
Current | Consumer | Personal Lending
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	716
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	1,093
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	277
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	32
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	3
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	0
Revolving loans	0
Revolving loans converted to term	0
Total finance receivables and loans	2,121
Current | Consumer | Personal Lending | Excludes fair value option elected other loans
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year			1,492
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year			392
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year			48
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year			5
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year			1
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year			0
Revolving loans			0
Revolving loans converted to term			0
Total finance receivables and loans			1,938
Current | Consumer | Credit card receivables
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	0		0
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	0		0
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	0		0
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	0		0
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	0		0
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	0		0
Revolving loans	1,654		1,518
Revolving loans converted to term	0		0
Total finance receivables and loans	1,654		1,518
30–59 days past due | Consumer | Consumer automotive, excludes basis adjustment
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	133		707
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	905		878
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	755		370
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	294		284
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	210		165
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	175		120
Revolving loans	0		0
Revolving loans converted to term	0		0
Total finance receivables and loans	2,472		2,524
30–59 days past due | Consumer | Mortgage Finance
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	0		15
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	7		29
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	8		4
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	5		3
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	5		4
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	18		26
Revolving loans	0		0
Revolving loans converted to term	0		0
Total finance receivables and loans	43		81
30–59 days past due | Consumer | Mortgage - Legacy
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	0		0
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	0		0
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	0		0
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	0		0
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	0		0
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	2		4
Revolving loans	2		1
Revolving loans converted to term	1		0
Total finance receivables and loans	5		5
30–59 days past due | Consumer | Personal Lending
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	4
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	13
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	4
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	1
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	0
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	0
Revolving loans	0
Revolving loans converted to term	0
Total finance receivables and loans	22
30–59 days past due | Consumer | Personal Lending | Excludes fair value option elected other loans
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year			14
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year			6
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year			1
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year			0
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year			0
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year			0
Revolving loans			0
Revolving loans converted to term			0
Total finance receivables and loans			21
30–59 days past due | Consumer | Credit card receivables
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	0		0
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	0		0
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	0		0
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	0		0
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	0		0
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	0		0
Revolving loans	27		22
Revolving loans converted to term	0		0
Total finance receivables and loans	27		22
60–89 days past due | Consumer | Consumer automotive, excludes basis adjustment
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	36		207
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	323		324
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	298		135
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	113		99
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	73		55
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	57		38
Revolving loans	0		0
Revolving loans converted to term	0		0
Total finance receivables and loans	900		858
60–89 days past due | Consumer | Mortgage Finance
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	0		2
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	1		4
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	4		0
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	0		1
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	0		1
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	8		3
Revolving loans	0		0
Revolving loans converted to term	0		0
Total finance receivables and loans	13		11
60–89 days past due | Consumer | Mortgage - Legacy
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	0		0
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	0		0
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	0		0
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	0		0
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	0		0
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	1		0
Revolving loans	0		0
Revolving loans converted to term	0		1
Total finance receivables and loans	1		1
60–89 days past due | Consumer | Personal Lending
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	2
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	10
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	4
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	0
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	0
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	0
Revolving loans	0
Revolving loans converted to term	0
Total finance receivables and loans	16
60–89 days past due | Consumer | Personal Lending | Excludes fair value option elected other loans
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year			9
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year			5
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year			1
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year			0
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year			0
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year			0
Revolving loans			0
Revolving loans converted to term			0
Total finance receivables and loans			15
60–89 days past due | Consumer | Credit card receivables
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	0		0
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	0		0
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	0		0
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	0		0
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	0		0
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	0		0
Revolving loans	24		18
Revolving loans converted to term	0		0
Total finance receivables and loans	24		18
90 or more days past due | Consumer | Consumer automotive, excludes basis adjustment
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	10		73
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	117		111
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	102		47
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	41		38
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	31		23
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	33		24
Revolving loans	0		0
Revolving loans converted to term	0		0
Total finance receivables and loans	334		316
90 or more days past due | Consumer | Mortgage Finance
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	0		0
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	1		1
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	4		0
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	0		2
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	3		8
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	17		14
Revolving loans	0		0
Revolving loans converted to term	0		0
Total finance receivables and loans	25		25
90 or more days past due | Consumer | Mortgage - Legacy
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	0		0
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	0		0
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	0		0
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	0		0
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	0		0
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	7		8
Revolving loans	1		3
Revolving loans converted to term	2		2
Total finance receivables and loans	10		13
90 or more days past due | Consumer | Personal Lending
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	1
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	7
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	3
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	0
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	0
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	0
Revolving loans	0
Revolving loans converted to term	0
Total finance receivables and loans	11
90 or more days past due | Consumer | Personal Lending | Excludes fair value option elected other loans
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year			8
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year			5
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year			0
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year			0
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year			0
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year			0
Revolving loans			0
Revolving loans converted to term			0
Total finance receivables and loans			13
90 or more days past due | Consumer | Credit card receivables
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	0		0
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	0		0
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	0		0
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	0		0
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	0		0
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	0		0
Revolving loans	52		41
Revolving loans converted to term	0		0
Total finance receivables and loans	$ 52		$ 41

XML

Finance Receivables and Loans, Net (Financing Receivable Credit Quality Indicators Commercial) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total finance receivables and loans	$ 138,449	$ 135,748
Commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	843	2,915
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	2,904	2,035
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	2,001	1,871
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	1,547	1,406
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	1,193	508
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	1,470	1,196
Revolving loans	20,904	19,057
Revolving loans converted to term	217	150
Total finance receivables and loans	31,079	29,138
Automotive | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	273	663
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	580	258
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	234	132
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	112	79
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	68	38
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	68	55
Revolving loans	14,958	13,370
Revolving loans converted to term	0	0
Total finance receivables and loans	16,293	14,595
Automotive | Pass | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	271	640
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	560	211
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	189	132
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	112	78
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	68	28
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	44	34
Revolving loans	13,877	12,327
Revolving loans converted to term	0	0
Total finance receivables and loans	15,121	13,450
Automotive | Special mention | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	2	23
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	19	47
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	45	0
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	0	0
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	0	10
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	24	21
Revolving loans	1,016	1,016
Revolving loans converted to term	0	0
Total finance receivables and loans	1,106	1,117
Automotive | Substandard | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	0	0
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	1	0
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	0	0
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	0	1
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	0	0
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	0	0
Revolving loans	49	27
Revolving loans converted to term	0	0
Total finance receivables and loans	50	28
Automotive | Doubtful | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	0
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	0
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	0
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	0
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	0
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	0
Revolving loans	16
Revolving loans converted to term	0
Total finance receivables and loans	16
Other | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	185	771
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	786	627
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	575	786
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	504	629
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	445	101
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	506	425
Revolving loans	5,937	5,678
Revolving loans converted to term	186	137
Total finance receivables and loans	9,124	9,154
Financing receivable, year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year, charge-off	56
Other | Pass | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	185	594
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	553	469
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	377	607
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	306	419
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	360	54
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	206	133
Revolving loans	5,611	5,344
Revolving loans converted to term	147	89
Total finance receivables and loans	7,745	7,709
Other | Special mention | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	0	177
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	233	158
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	175	175
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	195	95
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	51	47
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	154	128
Revolving loans	281	278
Revolving loans converted to term	24	35
Total finance receivables and loans	1,113	1,093
Other | Substandard | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	0	0
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	0	0
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	23	4
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	3	51
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	27	0
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	120	139
Revolving loans	42	55
Revolving loans converted to term	15	13
Total finance receivables and loans	230	262
Other | Doubtful | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	0	0
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	0	0
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	0	0
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	0	64
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	0	0
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	26	25
Revolving loans	3	0
Revolving loans converted to term	0	0
Total finance receivables and loans	29	89
Other | Loss | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	0	0
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	0	0
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	0	0
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	0	0
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	7	0
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	0	0
Revolving loans	0	1
Revolving loans converted to term	0	0
Total finance receivables and loans	7	1
Commercial real estate | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	385	1,481
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	1,538	1,150
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	1,192	953
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	931	698
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	680	369
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	896	716
Revolving loans	9	9
Revolving loans converted to term	31	13
Total finance receivables and loans	5,662	5,389
Commercial real estate | Pass | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	385	1,481
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	1,529	1,118
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	1,161	951
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	929	679
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	662	369
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	895	716
Revolving loans	9	9
Revolving loans converted to term	31	13
Total finance receivables and loans	5,601	5,336
Commercial real estate | Special mention | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	0	0
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	7	32
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	31	2
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	2	19
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	18	0
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	0	0
Revolving loans	0	0
Revolving loans converted to term	0	0
Total finance receivables and loans	58	$ 53
Commercial real estate | Substandard | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one, originated, current fiscal year	0
Year two, originated, fiscal year before current fiscal year	2
Year three, originated, two years before current fiscal year	0
Year four, originated, three years before current fiscal year	0
Year five, originated, four years before current fiscal year	0
Originated, more than five years before current fiscal year	1
Revolving loans	0
Revolving loans converted to term	0
Total finance receivables and loans	$ 3

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Finance Receivables and Loans, Net (Past Due Financing Receivables and Loans Commercial) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	$ 138,449	$ 135,748
Commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	31,079	29,138
Automotive | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	16,293	14,595
Other | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	9,124	9,154
Commercial real estate | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	5,662	5,389
Total past due | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	20	3
Total past due | Automotive | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	12	0
Total past due | Other | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	8	3
Total past due | Commercial real estate | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	0	0
30–59 days past due | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	13	0
30–59 days past due | Automotive | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	12	0
30–59 days past due | Other | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	1	0
30–59 days past due | Commercial real estate | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	0	0
60–89 days past due | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	0	1
60–89 days past due | Automotive | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	0	0
60–89 days past due | Other | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	0	1
60–89 days past due | Commercial real estate | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	0	0
90 or more days past due | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	7	2
90 or more days past due | Automotive | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	0	0
90 or more days past due | Other | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	7	2
90 or more days past due | Commercial real estate | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	0	0
Current | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	31,059	29,135
Current | Automotive | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	16,281	14,595
Current | Other | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	9,116	9,151
Current | Commercial real estate | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	$ 5,662	$ 5,389

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Finance Receivables and Loans, Net (Financing Receivable Gross Charge-Offs) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2023			$ 22
2022			477
2021			346
2020			104
2019			133
2018 and prior			70
Revolving loans			74
Revolving loans converted to term			4
Total	$ 629	$ 331	1,230	$ 632
Consumer
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2023			22
2022			477
2021			346
2020			104
2019			76
2018 and prior			70
Revolving loans			70
Revolving loans converted to term			4
Total			1,169
Consumer | Automotive
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2023			21
2022			437
2021			329
2020			102
2019			76
2018 and prior			67
Revolving loans			0
Revolving loans converted to term			0
Total	496	277	1,032	553
Consumer | Consumer mortgage
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2023			0
2022			0
2021			0
2020			0
2019			0
2018 and prior			3
Revolving loans			0
Revolving loans converted to term			0
Total	2	1	3	2
Consumer | Mortgage Finance
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2023			0
2022			0
2021			0
2020			0
2019			0
2018 and prior			1
Revolving loans			0
Revolving loans converted to term			0
Total			1
Consumer | Mortgage - Legacy
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2023			0
2022			0
2021			0
2020			0
2019			0
2018 and prior			2
Revolving loans			0
Revolving loans converted to term			0
Total			2
Consumer | Other
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2023			1
2022			40
2021			17
2020			2
2019			0
2018 and prior			0
Revolving loans			70
Revolving loans converted to term			4
Total	70	27	134	51
Consumer | Personal Lending
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2023			1
2022			40
2021			17
2020			2
2019			0
2018 and prior			0
Revolving loans			0
Revolving loans converted to term			0
Total			60
Consumer | Credit Card
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2023			0
2022			0
2021			0
2020			0
2019			0
2018 and prior			0
Revolving loans			70
Revolving loans converted to term			4
Total			74
Commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2023			0
2022			0
2021			0
2020			0
2019			57
2018 and prior			0
Revolving loans			4
Revolving loans converted to term			0
Total	$ 61	$ 26	61	$ 26
Commercial | Automotive
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2023			0
2022			0
2021			0
2020			0
2019			0
2018 and prior			0
Revolving loans			4
Revolving loans converted to term			0
Total			4
Commercial | Other
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2023			0
2022			0
2021			0
2020			0
2019			57
2018 and prior			0
Revolving loans			0
Revolving loans converted to term			0
Total			$ 57

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Finance Receivables and Loans, Net (Loan Modifications) (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($) loan	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($) loan
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Trial modifications, term		3 months
Trial modifications, amount	$ 4	$ 4
Total	113	$ 205
Percentage of total		0.10%
Payment deferrals
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	36	$ 64
Contractual maturity extensions
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	61	86
Principal forgiveness
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	12	14
Interest rate concessions
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	3	6
Combination
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	1	35
Consumer
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	41	98
Consumer | Current
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	36	85
Consumer | 30–59 days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	3	6
Consumer | 60–89 days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	3
Consumer | 90 or more days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	2	4
Consumer | Payment deferrals
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	0
Consumer | Contractual maturity extensions
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	25	43
Consumer | Principal forgiveness
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	12	14
Consumer | Interest rate concessions
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	3	6
Consumer | Combination
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	1	35
Consumer | Automotive
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	$ 37	$ 87
Number of loans redefualted | loan	29	41
Amortized cost of loans redefaulted	$ 1	$ 1
Consumer | Automotive | Current
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	34	79
Consumer | Automotive | 30–59 days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	2	5
Consumer | Automotive | 60–89 days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	0
Consumer | Automotive | 90 or more days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	1	3
Consumer | Automotive | Payment deferrals
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	$ 0	$ 0
Number of months extended/deferred	26 months	25 months
Consumer | Automotive | Contractual maturity extensions
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	$ 25	$ 40
Consumer | Automotive | Contractual maturity extensions | Current
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	24	38
Consumer | Automotive | Contractual maturity extensions | 30–59 days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	1	2
Consumer | Automotive | Contractual maturity extensions | 60–89 days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	0
Consumer | Automotive | Contractual maturity extensions | 90 or more days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	0
Consumer | Automotive | Principal forgiveness
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	12	14
Principal forgiveness, amount forgiven	2	2
Consumer | Automotive | Principal forgiveness | Current
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	10	10
Consumer | Automotive | Principal forgiveness | 30–59 days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	1	1
Consumer | Automotive | Principal forgiveness | 60–89 days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	0
Consumer | Automotive | Principal forgiveness | 90 or more days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	1	3
Consumer | Automotive | Interest rate concessions
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	$ 0	$ 0
Interest rate concessions, initial rate	0.00%	0.00%
Interest rate concessions, revised rate	0.00%	0.00%
Consumer | Automotive | Combination
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	$ 0	$ 33
Interest rate concessions, initial rate	0.00%	10.40%
Interest rate concessions, revised rate	0.00%	9.80%
Payment extensions, initial term		75 months
Payment extensions, revised term		85 months
Consumer | Automotive | Combination | Current
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total		$ 31
Consumer | Automotive | Combination | 30–59 days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total		2
Consumer | Automotive | Combination | 60–89 days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total		0
Consumer | Automotive | Combination | 90 or more days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total		0
Consumer | Consumer mortgage
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	$ 1	5
Consumer | Consumer mortgage | Current
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	1	3
Consumer | Consumer mortgage | 30–59 days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	0
Consumer | Consumer mortgage | 60–89 days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	2
Consumer | Consumer mortgage | 90 or more days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	0
Consumer | Consumer mortgage | Payment deferrals
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	$ 0
Number of months extended/deferred		146 months
Consumer | Consumer mortgage | Contractual maturity extensions
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	$ 3
Consumer | Consumer mortgage | Principal forgiveness
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	0
Principal forgiveness, amount forgiven	0	0
Consumer | Consumer mortgage | Interest rate concessions
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	$ 0	$ 0
Interest rate concessions, initial rate	0.00%	0.00%
Interest rate concessions, revised rate	0.00%	0.00%
Consumer | Consumer mortgage | Combination
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	$ 1	$ 2
Interest rate concessions, initial rate	4.00%	4.60%
Interest rate concessions, revised rate	2.00%	3.40%
Payment extensions, initial term	294 months	309 months
Payment extensions, revised term	480 months	470 months
Consumer | Mortgage Finance
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	$ 1	$ 4
Consumer | Mortgage Finance | Current
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	1	2
Consumer | Mortgage Finance | 30–59 days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	0
Consumer | Mortgage Finance | 60–89 days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	2
Consumer | Mortgage Finance | 90 or more days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	0
Consumer | Mortgage Finance | Payment deferrals
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	$ 0
Number of months extended/deferred		174 months
Consumer | Mortgage Finance | Contractual maturity extensions
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	$ 2
Consumer | Mortgage Finance | Contractual maturity extensions | Current
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total		2
Consumer | Mortgage Finance | Contractual maturity extensions | 30–59 days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total		0
Consumer | Mortgage Finance | Contractual maturity extensions | 60–89 days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total		0
Consumer | Mortgage Finance | Contractual maturity extensions | 90 or more days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total		0
Consumer | Mortgage Finance | Principal forgiveness
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	0
Principal forgiveness, amount forgiven	0	0
Consumer | Mortgage Finance | Interest rate concessions
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	$ 0	$ 0
Interest rate concessions, initial rate	0.00%	0.00%
Interest rate concessions, revised rate	0.00%	0.00%
Consumer | Mortgage Finance | Combination
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	$ 1	$ 2
Number of months extended/deferred	186 months	186 months
Interest rate concessions, initial rate	4.00%	4.60%
Interest rate concessions, revised rate	2.00%	3.40%
Payment extensions, initial term	294 months	309 months
Payment extensions, revised term	480 months	470 months
Consumer | Mortgage Finance | Combination | Current
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	$ 1	$ 0
Consumer | Mortgage Finance | Combination | 30–59 days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	0
Consumer | Mortgage Finance | Combination | 60–89 days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	2
Consumer | Mortgage Finance | Combination | 90 or more days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	0
Consumer | Mortgage - Legacy
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total		1
Consumer | Mortgage - Legacy | Current
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total		1
Consumer | Mortgage - Legacy | 30–59 days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total		0
Consumer | Mortgage - Legacy | 60–89 days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total		0
Consumer | Mortgage - Legacy | 90 or more days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total		0
Consumer | Mortgage - Legacy | Payment deferrals
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total		$ 0
Number of months extended/deferred		96 months
Consumer | Mortgage - Legacy | Contractual maturity extensions
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total		$ 1
Consumer | Mortgage - Legacy | Contractual maturity extensions | Current
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total		1
Consumer | Mortgage - Legacy | Contractual maturity extensions | 30–59 days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total		0
Consumer | Mortgage - Legacy | Contractual maturity extensions | 60–89 days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total		0
Consumer | Mortgage - Legacy | Contractual maturity extensions | 90 or more days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total		0
Consumer | Mortgage - Legacy | Principal forgiveness
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total		0
Principal forgiveness, amount forgiven		0
Consumer | Mortgage - Legacy | Interest rate concessions
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total		$ 0
Interest rate concessions, initial rate		0.00%
Interest rate concessions, revised rate		0.00%
Consumer | Mortgage - Legacy | Combination
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total		$ 0
Interest rate concessions, initial rate		0.00%
Interest rate concessions, revised rate		0.00%
Consumer | Other
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	3	$ 6
Consumer | Other | Current
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	1	3
Consumer | Other | 30–59 days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	1	1
Consumer | Other | 60–89 days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	1
Consumer | Other | 90 or more days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	1	1
Consumer | Other | Payment deferrals
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	0
Consumer | Other | Contractual maturity extensions
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	0
Consumer | Other | Principal forgiveness
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	0
Principal forgiveness, amount forgiven	0	0
Consumer | Other | Interest rate concessions
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	$ 3	$ 6
Interest rate concessions, initial rate	30.30%	30.00%
Interest rate concessions, revised rate	10.90%	9.00%
Consumer | Other | Combination
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	$ 0	$ 0
Interest rate concessions, initial rate	0.00%	0.00%
Interest rate concessions, revised rate	0.00%	0.00%
Consumer | Credit Card
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	$ 3	$ 6
Consumer | Credit Card | Payment deferrals
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	0
Consumer | Credit Card | Contractual maturity extensions
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	0
Consumer | Credit Card | Principal forgiveness
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	0
Principal forgiveness, amount forgiven	0	0
Consumer | Credit Card | Interest rate concessions
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	$ 3	$ 6
Interest rate concessions, initial rate	30.30%	30.00%
Interest rate concessions, revised rate	10.90%	9.00%
Consumer | Credit Card | Interest rate concessions | Current
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	$ 1	$ 3
Consumer | Credit Card | Interest rate concessions | 30–59 days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	1	1
Consumer | Credit Card | Interest rate concessions | 60–89 days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	1
Consumer | Credit Card | Interest rate concessions | 90 or more days past due
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	1	1
Consumer | Credit Card | Combination
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	$ 0	$ 0
Interest rate concessions, initial rate	0.00%	0.00%
Interest rate concessions, revised rate	0.00%	0.00%
Commercial
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	$ 72	$ 107
Commercial | Pass
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	31	31
Commercial | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	7
Commercial | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	41	41
Commercial | Doubtful
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	28
Commercial | Payment deferrals
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	$ 36	$ 64
Number of months extended/deferred	6 months	12 months
Commercial | Contractual maturity extensions
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	$ 36	$ 43
Commercial | Principal forgiveness
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	0
Principal forgiveness, amount forgiven	0	0
Commercial | Interest rate concessions
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	$ 0	$ 0
Interest rate concessions, initial rate	0.00%	0.00%
Interest rate concessions, revised rate	0.00%	0.00%
Commercial | Combination
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	$ 0	$ 0
Interest rate concessions, initial rate	0.00%	0.00%
Interest rate concessions, revised rate	0.00%	0.00%
Commercial | Other
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	$ 72	$ 107
Commercial | Other | Payment deferrals
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	$ 36	$ 64
Number of months extended/deferred	6 months	12 months
Commercial | Other | Payment deferrals | Pass
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	$ 0	$ 0
Commercial | Other | Payment deferrals | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	0
Commercial | Other | Payment deferrals | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	36	36
Commercial | Other | Payment deferrals | Doubtful
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	28
Commercial | Other | Contractual maturity extensions
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	36	43
Commercial | Other | Contractual maturity extensions | Pass
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	31	31
Commercial | Other | Contractual maturity extensions | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	7
Commercial | Other | Contractual maturity extensions | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	5	5
Commercial | Other | Contractual maturity extensions | Doubtful
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	0
Commercial | Other | Principal forgiveness
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	0	0
Principal forgiveness, amount forgiven	0	0
Commercial | Other | Interest rate concessions
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	$ 0	$ 0
Interest rate concessions, initial rate	0.00%	0.00%
Interest rate concessions, revised rate	0.00%	0.00%
Commercial | Other | Combination
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Total	$ 0	$ 0
Interest rate concessions, initial rate	0.00%	0.00%
Interest rate concessions, revised rate	0.00%	0.00%

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Finance Receivables and Loans, Net (Troubled Debt Restructurings) (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($) loan	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($) loan	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Financing receivable, modifications, gross carrying value			$ 2,400
Financing receivable, modifications, number of loans | loan	13,680	27,493
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification amortized cost basis	$ 593	$ 865
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification amortized cost basis	$ 586	$ 854
Consumer
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Financing receivable, modifications, number of loans | loan	13,677	27,489
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification amortized cost basis	$ 216	$ 454
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification amortized cost basis	$ 209	$ 443
Consumer | Automotive
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Financing receivable, modifications, number of loans | loan	12,928	26,379
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification amortized cost basis	$ 213	$ 444
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification amortized cost basis	$ 206	$ 433
Consumer | Consumer mortgage
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Financing receivable, modifications, number of loans | loan	6	16
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification amortized cost basis	$ 2	$ 8
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification amortized cost basis	$ 2	$ 8
Consumer | Mortgage Finance
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Financing receivable, modifications, number of loans | loan	3	9
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification amortized cost basis	$ 2	$ 7
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification amortized cost basis	$ 2	$ 7
Consumer | Mortgage - Legacy
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Financing receivable, modifications, number of loans | loan	3	7
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification amortized cost basis	$ 0	$ 1
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification amortized cost basis	$ 0	$ 1
Consumer | Other
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Financing receivable, modifications, number of loans | loan	743	1,094
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification amortized cost basis	$ 1	$ 2
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification amortized cost basis	$ 1	$ 2
Consumer | Credit card receivables
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Financing receivable, modifications, number of loans | loan	743	1,094
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification amortized cost basis	$ 1	$ 2
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification amortized cost basis	$ 1	$ 2
Commercial
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Financing receivable, modifications, number of loans | loan	3	4
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification amortized cost basis	$ 377	$ 411
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification amortized cost basis	$ 377	$ 411
Commercial | Other
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
Financing receivable, modifications, number of loans | loan	3	4
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification amortized cost basis	$ 377	$ 411
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification amortized cost basis	$ 377	$ 411

XML

Finance Receivables and Loans, Net (Finance Receivables and Loans Redefaulted During the Period) (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($) loan	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($) loan
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable
Number of loans | loan	2,218	4,331
Amortized cost	$ 35	$ 68
Charge-off amount	$ 14	$ 27
Consumer | Automotive
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable
Number of loans | loan	2,138	4,249
Amortized cost	$ 35	$ 66
Charge-off amount	$ 14	$ 27
Consumer | Consumer mortgage
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable
Number of loans | loan	1	3
Amortized cost	$ 0	$ 2
Charge-off amount	$ 0	$ 0
Consumer | Mortgage Finance
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable
Number of loans | loan	1	3
Amortized cost	$ 0	$ 2
Charge-off amount	$ 0	$ 0
Consumer | Other
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable
Number of loans | loan	79	79
Amortized cost	$ 0	$ 0
Charge-off amount	$ 0	$ 0
Consumer | Credit Card
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable
Number of loans | loan	79	79
Amortized cost	$ 0	$ 0
Charge-off amount	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Leasing (Ally as the Lessee) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Noncancelable lease term			367 days
Lease extension, maximum			48 months
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities	$ 8	$ 9	$ 16	$ 19
Right-of-use asset obtained in exchange for operating lease liability			$ 1	$ 21
Operating lease, weighted-average remaining lease term	5 years		5 years		5 years
Operating lease, weighted average discount rate	2.61%		2.61%		2.57%
Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease remaining lease term	2 months		2 months
Maximum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease remaining lease term	8 years		8 years

XML

Leasing (Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Maturity) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
2023	$ 17
2024	32
2025	26
2026	21
2027	16
2028 and thereafter	18
Total undiscounted cash flows	130
Difference between undiscounted cash flows and discounted cash flows	(8)
Total lease liability	$ 122	$ 137

XML

Leasing (Lease, Cost) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease expense	$ 7	$ 9	$ 14	$ 17
Variable lease expense	1	1	2	2
Total lease expense, net	$ 8	$ 10	$ 16	$ 19

XML

Leasing (Ally as the Lessor) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant, and Equipment, Lessor Asset under Operating Lease [Line Items]
Residual value guarantee, percentage	15.00%	15.00%
Vehicles	$ 11,854	$ 12,304
Accumulated depreciation	(1,924)	(1,860)
Investment in operating leases, net	$ 9,930	10,444
Minimum
Property, Plant, and Equipment, Lessor Asset under Operating Lease [Line Items]
Lessor, term of contract	24 months
Maximum
Property, Plant, and Equipment, Lessor Asset under Operating Lease [Line Items]
Lessor, term of contract	60 months
Vehicles
Property, Plant, and Equipment, Lessor Asset under Operating Lease [Line Items]
Residual value of leased asset	$ 30	$ 56

XML

Leasing (Lessor, Operating Lease, Payments to be Received, Maturity) (Details) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
2023	$ 802
2024	1,157
2025	639
2026	227
2027	31
2028 and thereafter	1
Total lease payments from operating leases	$ 2,857

XML

Leasing (Depreciation Expense on Operating Lease Assets) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease revenue	$ 392	$ 396	$ 794	$ 799
Depreciation expense on operating lease assets (excluding remarketing gains)	270	269	543	536
Remarketing gains, net	(70)	(50)	(117)	(100)
Net depreciation expense on operating lease assets	200	219	426	436
Variable lease payments, excessive wear and tear	$ 2	$ 2	$ 4	$ 4

XML

Leasing (Sales-type and Direct Financing Leases, Lease Receivable, Maturity) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Direct financing lease, net investment in lease	$ 536		$ 536		$ 481
Direct financing lease, present value of lease payments recorded as lease receivable	524		524		468
Direct financing lease, unguaranteed residual asset	12		12		$ 13
Direct financing lease, interest income	9	$ 7	18	$ 14
2023	95		95
2024	166		166
2025	144		144
2026	106		106
2027	51		51
2028 and thereafter	24		24
Total undiscounted cash flows	586		586
Difference between undiscounted cash flows and discounted cash flows	(62)		(62)
Present value of lease payments recorded as lease receivable	$ 524		$ 524

XML

Securitizations and Variable Interest Entities (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Securitizations And Variable Interest Entities [Abstract]
Sales of financial assets	$ 0	$ 0	$ 1,000,000	$ 0

XML

Securitizations and Variable Interest Entities (Schedule of Variable Interest Entities) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Carrying value of total assets	$ 197,241	$ 191,826	$ 185,703
Carrying value of total liabilities	183,709	178,967
Assets sold to nonconsolidated VIEs	783	330
Maximum exposure to loss in nonconsolidated VIEs	3,600	3,097
Non-recourse debt	20,141	17,762
Equity securities	759	681
On-balance sheet variable interest entities
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Carrying value of total assets	10,219	9,856
Carrying value of total liabilities	2,716	2,441
Non-recourse debt	2,710	2,436
On-balance sheet variable interest entities | Consumer | Automotive
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Carrying value of total assets	20,272	20,415
Carrying value of total liabilities	2,824	2,553
Assets sold to nonconsolidated VIEs	0	0
Maximum exposure to loss in nonconsolidated VIEs	0	0
Assets held-in-trust	10,100	10,600
On-balance sheet variable interest entities | Consumer | Automotive | Nonrecourse
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Non-recourse debt	108	113
Off-balance sheet variable interest entities
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Carrying value of total assets	22,555	22,614
Carrying value of total liabilities	3,689	3,426
Off-balance sheet variable interest entities | Consumer | Automotive
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Carrying value of total assets	0	0
Carrying value of total liabilities	0	0
Assets sold to nonconsolidated VIEs	653	227
Maximum exposure to loss in nonconsolidated VIEs	653	227
Off-balance sheet variable interest entities | Consumer | Other
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Carrying value of total assets	0	0
Carrying value of total liabilities	0	0
Assets sold to nonconsolidated VIEs	130	103
Maximum exposure to loss in nonconsolidated VIEs	130	103
Off-balance sheet variable interest entities | Commercial | Other
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Carrying value of total assets	2,283	2,199
Carrying value of total liabilities	865	873
Assets sold to nonconsolidated VIEs	0	0
Maximum exposure to loss in nonconsolidated VIEs	2,817	2,767
Equity securities	$ 43	$ 38

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Securitizations and Variable Interest Entities (Schedule of Cash Flows with Nonconsolidated Special-Purpose Entities) (Details) - Off-balance sheet variable interest entities - USD ($) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Cash Flow Received and Paid to Nonconsolidated Securitization Entities [Line Items]
Total	$ 563	$ 51
Automotive | Consumer
Cash Flow Received and Paid to Nonconsolidated Securitization Entities [Line Items]
Cash proceeds from transfers completed during the period	477	2
Servicing fees	6	0
Consumer other | Consumer
Cash Flow Received and Paid to Nonconsolidated Securitization Entities [Line Items]
Cash proceeds from transfers completed during the period	75	45
Servicing fees	$ 5	$ 4

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Securitizations and Variable Interest Entities (Schedule of Quantitative Information and Net Credit Losses about Securitized and Other Financial Assets Managed Together) (Details) - Off-balance sheet variable interest entities - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Derecognized Assets, Securitized or Asset-backed Financing Arrangement Assets and any Other Financial Assets Managed Together [Line Items]
Total amount	$ 783		$ 783		$ 330
Amount 60 days or more past due	28		28		10
Net credit losses	11	$ 0	17	$ 0
Automotive | Consumer
Derecognized Assets, Securitized or Asset-backed Financing Arrangement Assets and any Other Financial Assets Managed Together [Line Items]
Total amount	653		653		227
Amount 60 days or more past due	16		16		2
Net credit losses	3	0	4	0
Consumer other | Consumer
Derecognized Assets, Securitized or Asset-backed Financing Arrangement Assets and any Other Financial Assets Managed Together [Line Items]
Total amount	130		130		103
Amount 60 days or more past due	12		12		$ 8
Net credit losses	$ 8	$ 0	$ 13	$ 0

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Other Assets (Schedule of Other Assets) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Other Assets [Abstract]
Property and equipment at cost	$ 2,435	$ 2,352
Accumulated depreciation	(1,154)	(1,076)
Net property and equipment	1,281	1,276
Investment in qualified affordable housing projects	1,642	1,596
Net deferred tax assets	1,087	1,087
Nonmarketable equity investments	870	842
Accrued interest, fees, and rent receivables	847	786
Goodwill	822	822	$ 822
Equity-method investments	621	608
Restricted cash held for securitization trusts	590	585
Other accounts receivable	155	164
Operating lease right-of-use assets	98	111
Net intangible assets	85	98
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	76	66
Other assets	979	1,097
Total other assets	$ 9,153	$ 9,138
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Total other assets	Total other assets

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Other Assets (Summary of Equity Securities without Readily Determinable Fair Value) (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Other Assets [Abstract]
FRB stock	$ 415,000,000		$ 415,000,000		$ 401,000,000
FHLB stock	339,000,000		339,000,000		318,000,000
Equity investments without a readily determinable fair value
Cost basis at acquisition	92,000,000		92,000,000		89,000,000
Upward adjustments	184,000,000		184,000,000		177,000,000
Downward adjustments (including impairment)	(160,000,000)		(160,000,000)		(143,000,000)
Carrying amount, equity investments without a readily determinable fair value	116,000,000		116,000,000		123,000,000
Nonmarketable equity investments	870,000,000		870,000,000		$ 842,000,000
Upward adjustments	1,000,000	$ 0	7,000,000	$ 1,000,000
Downward adjustments (including impairment)	0	0	(17,000,000)	(3,000,000)
Impairment of FHLB and FRB stock	0	0	0	0
Gain (loss) on nonmarketable equity investments, net	$ 0	$ 3,000,000	$ (11,000,000)	$ 2,000,000

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Other Assets (Schedule of Goodwill) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill beginning balance	$ 822	$ 822
Goodwill acquired	0	0
Goodwill ending balance	822	822
Operating Segments | Automotive Finance operations
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill beginning balance	20	20
Goodwill acquired	0	0
Goodwill ending balance	20	20
Operating Segments | Insurance operations
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill beginning balance	27	27
Goodwill acquired	0	0
Goodwill ending balance	27	27
Corporate and Other
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill beginning balance	775	775
Goodwill acquired	0	0
Goodwill ending balance	775	775
Ally Credit Card | Corporate and Other
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill beginning balance	479
Goodwill ending balance	479	479
Ally Lending | Corporate and Other
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill beginning balance	153
Goodwill ending balance	153	153
Ally Invest | Corporate and Other
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill beginning balance	143
Goodwill ending balance	$ 143	$ 143

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Other Assets (Intangible Assets) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Accumulated amortization	$ (122)	$ (109)
Total intangible assets, gross	207	207
Net intangible assets	85	98
Remainder of 2023	12
2024	19
2025	14
2026	14
2027	14
Technology
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross intangible assets	122	122
Accumulated amortization	(61)	(53)
Net carrying value	61	69
Customer lists
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross intangible assets	58	58
Accumulated amortization	(54)	(51)
Net carrying value	4	7
Purchased credit card relationships
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross intangible assets	25	25
Accumulated amortization	(6)	(4)
Net carrying value	19	21
Trademarks
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross intangible assets	2	2
Accumulated amortization	(1)	(1)
Net carrying value	$ 1	$ 1

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Deposit Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Deposits [Abstract]
Noninterest-bearing deposits	$ 160	$ 185
Interest-bearing deposits
Savings, money market, and checking accounts	98,841	110,776
Certificates of deposit	55,309	41,336
Total deposit liabilities	154,310	152,297
Certificates of deposit, in excess of $250,000 federal insurance limits	$ 6,900	$ 5,600

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Debt (Schedule of Short-term Debt) (Details) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Federal Home Loan Bank	$ 1,200,000,000	$ 1,900,000,000
Other	994,000,000	499,000,000
Total short-term borrowings	2,194,000,000	2,399,000,000
Cash collateral placed	3,000,000	1,000,000
Cash collateral received	$ 2,000,000	0
Agency Mortgage-Backed Residential Debt Securities Maturing Within 30 Days
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements mature	30 days
Minimum | Agency Mortgage-Backed Residential Debt Securities Maturing Within 31 To 60 Days
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements mature	31 days
Maximum | Agency Mortgage-Backed Residential Debt Securities Maturing Within 31 To 60 Days
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements mature	60 days
Unsecured debt
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Federal Home Loan Bank	$ 0	0
Other	0	0
Total short-term borrowings	0	0
Secured debt
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Federal Home Loan Bank	1,200,000,000	1,900,000,000
Other	994,000,000	499,000,000
Total short-term borrowings	2,194,000,000	$ 2,399,000,000
Secured debt | Agency Mortgage-Backed Residential Debt Securities Maturing Within 30 Days
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Other	742,000,000
Secured debt | Agency Mortgage-Backed Residential Debt Securities Maturing Within 31 To 60 Days
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Other	$ 252,000,000

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Debt (Long-term Debt) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, due within one year	$ 5,156	$ 4,418
Long-term debt, due after one year	14,985	13,344
Long-term debt	20,141	17,762
Secured debt	11,567	10,124
Unsecured debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, due within one year	1,948	2,023
Long-term debt, due after one year	8,820	8,014
Long-term debt	10,768	10,037
Secured debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, due within one year	3,208	2,395
Long-term debt, due after one year	6,165	5,330
Long-term debt	9,373	7,725
Federal Home Loan Bank advances
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Secured debt	$ 6,700	$ 5,300

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Debt (Scheduled Remaining Maturity of Long-term Debt) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, maturities, repayments of principal in next 12 months	$ 2,900
Long-term debt, maturities, repayments of principal in year two	4,525
Long-term debt, maturities, repayments of principal in year three	4,473
Long-term debt, maturities, repayments of principal in year four	1,873
Long-term debt, maturities, repayments of principal in year five	1,881
Long-term debt, maturities, repayments of principal after year five	4,489
Total long-term debt	20,141	$ 17,762
Unsecured debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, maturities, repayments of principal in next 12 months	1,227
Long-term debt, maturities, repayments of principal in year two	1,411
Long-term debt, maturities, repayments of principal in year three	2,412
Long-term debt, maturities, repayments of principal in year four	59
Long-term debt, maturities, repayments of principal in year five	1,442
Long-term debt, maturities, repayments of principal after year five	4,217
Total long-term debt	10,768	10,037
Secured debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total long-term debt	9,373	$ 7,725
Long-term debt | Unsecured debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, maturities, repayments of principal in next 12 months	1,258
Long-term debt, maturities, repayments of principal in year two	1,479
Long-term debt, maturities, repayments of principal in year three	2,486
Long-term debt, maturities, repayments of principal in year four	141
Long-term debt, maturities, repayments of principal in year five	1,537
Long-term debt, maturities, repayments of principal after year five	4,730
Total long-term debt	11,631
Long-term debt | Secured debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, maturities, repayments of principal in next 12 months	1,673
Long-term debt, maturities, repayments of principal in year two	3,114
Long-term debt, maturities, repayments of principal in year three	2,061
Long-term debt, maturities, repayments of principal in year four	1,814
Long-term debt, maturities, repayments of principal in year five	439
Long-term debt, maturities, repayments of principal after year five	272
Total long-term debt	9,373
Original issue discount | Unsecured debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, unamortized discount	(863)
Original issue discount | Unsecured debt | 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, unamortized discount, current	(31)
Original issue discount | Unsecured debt | 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, unamortized discount, noncurrent	(68)
Original issue discount | Unsecured debt | 2025
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, unamortized discount, noncurrent	(74)
Original issue discount | Unsecured debt | 2026
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, unamortized discount, noncurrent	(82)
Original issue discount | Unsecured debt | 2027
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, unamortized discount, noncurrent	(95)
Original issue discount | Unsecured debt | 2028 and thereafter
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, unamortized discount, noncurrent	$ (513)

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Debt (Pledged Assets Related to Secured Borrowings and Repurchase Agreement) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Pledged Assets related to secured borrowings [Line Items]
Total assets restricted as collateral	$ 41,247	$ 39,265
Secured debt	11,567	10,124
Amortized cost	33,809	34,863
Short-term borrowings	2,194	2,399
Asset Pledged as Collateral
Pledged Assets related to secured borrowings [Line Items]
Amortized cost	5,253	4,288
Pledged assets for Federal Home Loan Bank
Pledged Assets related to secured borrowings [Line Items]
Total assets restricted as collateral	28,100	27,000
Pledged assets for Federal Reserve Bank
Pledged Assets related to secured borrowings [Line Items]
Total assets restricted as collateral	2,300	2,400
Investment securities
Pledged Assets related to secured borrowings [Line Items]
Total assets restricted as collateral	4,371	3,525
Consumer | Consumer mortgage
Pledged Assets related to secured borrowings [Line Items]
Total assets restricted as collateral	19,187	19,771
Consumer | Automotive
Pledged Assets related to secured borrowings [Line Items]
Total assets restricted as collateral	12,121	11,759
Commercial
Pledged Assets related to secured borrowings [Line Items]
Total assets restricted as collateral	$ 5,568	$ 4,210

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Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities [Abstract]
Unfunded commitments for investment in qualified affordable housing projects	$ 861	$ 869
Accounts payable	515	435
Employee compensation and benefits	303	424
Deferred revenue	165	169
Reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses	152	119	$ 131	$ 122
Operating lease liabilities	122	137
Other liabilities	513	495
Total accrued expenses and other liabilities	$ 2,631	$ 2,648
Operating lease, liability, statement of financial position [Extensible Enumeration]	Total accrued expenses and other liabilities	Total accrued expenses and other liabilities

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Preferred Stock (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 2,324	$ 2,324
Series B Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 1,335	$ 1,335
Par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Liquidation preference (in dollars per share)	$ 1,000	$ 1,000
Number of shares authorized (in shares)	1,350,000	1,350,000
Number of shares issued (in shares)	1,350,000	1,350,000
Number of shares outstanding (in shares)	1,350,000	1,350,000
Series B Preferred Stock, Prior To May 15, 2026
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Dividend/coupon rate	4.70%	4.70%
Series B Preferred Stock, On And After May 15, 2026 | US Treasury (UST) Interest Rate
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Dividend/coupon rate	3.868%	3.868%
Series C Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 989	$ 989
Par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Liquidation preference (in dollars per share)	$ 1,000	$ 1,000
Number of shares authorized (in shares)	1,000,000	1,000,000
Number of shares issued (in shares)	1,000,000	1,000,000
Number of shares outstanding (in shares)	1,000,000	1,000,000
Series C Preferred Stock, Prior To May 15, 2028
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Dividend/coupon rate	4.70%	4.70%
Series C Preferred Stock, On And After May 15, 2028 | US Treasury (UST) Interest Rate
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Dividend/coupon rate	3.481%	3.481%

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 13,378	$ 15,413	$ 12,859	$ 17,050
Net change	(87)	(1,218)	196	(2,851)
Ending balance	13,532	13,984	13,532	13,984
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(3,776)	(1,791)	(4,059)	(158)
Ending balance	(3,863)	(3,009)	(3,863)	(3,009)
Unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(3,811)	(1,726)	(4,095)	(95)
Net change	(70)	(1,214)	214	(2,845)
Ending balance	(3,881)	(2,940)	(3,881)	(2,940)
Translation adjustments and net investment hedges
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	18	20	18	19
Net change	3	(1)	3	0
Ending balance	21	19	21	19
Cash flow hedges
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	17	30	18	35
Net change	(20)	(3)	(21)	(8)
Ending balance	(3)	27	(3)	27
Defined benefit pension plans
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	0	(115)	0	(117)
Net change	0	0	0	2
Ending balance	$ 0	$ (115)	$ 0	$ (115)

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Reclassification Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	$ (115)	$ (1,597)	$ 256	$ (3,739)
Other comprehensive income (loss), tax effect	28	379	(60)	888
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(87)	(1,218)	196	(2,851)
Investment securities
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Net unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period, before tax		(1,588)	286	(3,708)
Net unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period, tax		376	(68)	879
Net unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period, net of tax		(1,212)	218	(2,829)
Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations, before tax		3	5	21
Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations, tax		(1)	(1)	(5)
Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations, net of tax		2	4	16
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	(91)	(1,591)	281	(3,729)
Other comprehensive income (loss), tax effect	21	377	(67)	884
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(70)	(1,214)	214	(2,845)
Translation adjustments and net investment hedges
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	6	(5)	6	(2)
Other comprehensive income (loss), tax effect	(1)	1	(1)	1
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	5	(4)	5	(1)
Net investment hedges
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	(3)	4	(3)	1
Other comprehensive income (loss), tax effect	1	(1)	1	0
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(2)	3	(2)	1
Cash flow hedges
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Net unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period, before tax	(22)		(18)
Net unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period, tax	6		5
Net unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period, net of tax	(16)		(13)
Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations, before tax	5	5	10	11
Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations, tax	(1)	(2)	(2)	(3)
Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations, net of tax	4	$ 3	8	8
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	(27)		(28)
Other comprehensive income (loss), tax effect	7		7
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	$ (20)		$ (21)
Defined benefit pension plans
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax				2
Other comprehensive income (loss), tax effect				0
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax				$ 2

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Earnings per Common Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Millions		3 Months Ended			6 Months Ended
		Jun. 30, 2023		Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023		Jun. 30, 2022
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Net income from continuing operations		$ 329	[1]	$ 482	$ 649	[1]	$ 1,137	[1]
Net income from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders	[1]	301		454	593		1,081
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	[1]	0		0	(1)		0
Net income attributable to common stockholders	[1]	$ 301		$ 454	$ 592		$ 1,081
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding (in shares)	[1],[2]	303,684		322,057	303,173		328,830
Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding (in shares)	[1],[2]	304,646		324,027	304,050		330,882
Basic earnings per common share
Net income from continuing operations (in dollars per share)	[1]	$ 0.99		$ 1.41	$ 1.96		$ 3.29
Net income (in dollars per share)	[1]	0.99		1.41	1.95		3.29
Diluted earnings per common share
Net income from continuing operations (in dollars per share)	[1]	0.99		1.40	1.95		3.27
Net income (in dollars per share)	[1]	$ 0.99		$ 1.40	$ 1.95		$ 3.27
Series B Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividends	[1]	$ (16)		$ (16)	$ (32)		$ (32)
Series C Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividends	[1]	$ (12)		$ (12)	$ (24)		$ (24)

[1] Figures in the table may not recalculate exactly due to rounding. Earnings per share is calculated based on unrounded numbers.

[2] Includes shares related to share-based compensation that vested but were not yet issued.

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Regulatory Capital and Other Regulatory Matters (Schedule of Regulatory Capital Amount and Ratios) (Details) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Aug. 31, 2022
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Common equity tier one capital ratio, minimum	0.045
Tier one capital to risk-weighted assets, required minimum	0.06
Capital to risk-weighted assets, required minimum	0.08
Minimum capital conservation buffer	0.025
Accumulated other comprehensive losses excluded from Common Equity Tier 1 Capital	$ 3,900	$ 4,100
Brokered deposits	$ 13,700
Percentage of interest-bearing domestic deposits to deposits, brokered	8.90%
Common equity tier one capital	$ 14,791	$ 14,592
Common equity tier one capital ratio	0.0929	0.0927
Tier one capital to risk-weighted assets, amount	$ 17,054	$ 16,867
Tier one capital to risk-weighted assets, ratio	0.1072	0.1072
Tier one capital to risk-weighted assets, well-capitalized minimum	0.0600
Capital to risk-weighted assets, amount	$ 19,897	$ 19,209
Capital to risk-weighted assets, ratio	0.1250	0.1221
Capital to risk weighted assets, well-capitalized minimum	0.1000
Tier one leverage to adjusted quarterly average assets, amount	$ 17,054	$ 16,867
Tier one leverage to adjusted quarterly average assets, ratio	0.0859	0.0865
Tier one leverage ratio, minimum	0.04
Accounting Standards Update 2016-13
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Deferred reduction to Common Equity Tier 1 Capital from CECL	$ 591
Ally Financial Inc
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Minimum capital conservation buffer	0.025	0.025	0.025
Ally Bank
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Common equity tier one capital ratio, minimum	0.0450
Tier one capital to risk-weighted assets, required minimum	0.0600
Capital to risk-weighted assets, required minimum	0.0800
Common equity tier one capital	$ 17,298	$ 17,011
Common equity tier one capital ratio	0.1144	0.1138
Common equity tier one capital, well capitalized minimum	0.0650
Tier one capital to risk-weighted assets, amount	$ 17,298	$ 17,011
Tier one capital to risk-weighted assets, ratio	0.1144	0.1138
Tier one capital to risk-weighted assets, well-capitalized minimum	0.0800
Capital to risk-weighted assets, amount	$ 19,202	$ 18,888
Capital to risk-weighted assets, ratio	0.1270	0.1264
Capital to risk weighted assets, well-capitalized minimum	0.1000
Tier one leverage to adjusted quarterly average assets, amount	$ 17,298	$ 17,011
Tier one leverage to adjusted quarterly average assets, ratio	0.0918	0.0923
Tier one leverage ratio, minimum	0.0400
Tier one leverage to adjusted quarterly average assets, well-capitalized minimum	0.0500

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Regulatory Capital and Other Regulatory Matters (Common Share Repurchases) (Details)			3 Months Ended						6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended	84 Months Ended
		Jul. 17, 2023 $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2023 $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2022 $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2023 $ / shares shares	Jul. 31, 2023	Feb. 28, 2023 USD ($)	Aug. 31, 2022	Jan. 10, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2016 shares
Accelerated Share Repurchases [Line Items]
Dividends declared (in dollars per share) | $ / shares			$ 0.30	$ 0.30	$ 0.30	$ 0.30	$ 0.30	$ 0.30	$ 0.30	$ 0.30	$ 0.30	$ 0.30					$ 0.25
Stock repurchased during period, value			$ 2,000,000	$ 27,000,000	$ 51,000,000	$ 415,000,000	$ 600,000,000	$ 584,000,000
Common stock, share reduction												38.00%
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares) | shares			301,618,768	300,821,000	299,324,357	300,335,000	312,781,000	327,306,000	301,618,768	312,781,000	299,324,357	301,618,768					337,941,000	484,000,000
Minimum capital conservation buffer			0.025						0.025			0.025
Stock repurchased during period, number of shares (in share) | shares			58,000	836,000	1,731,000	12,468,000	15,031,000	12,548,000
Cash dividends declared per common share (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	[1]		$ 0.30				$ 0.30		$ 0.60	$ 0.60
Ally Financial Inc
Accelerated Share Repurchases [Line Items]
Minimum capital conservation buffer			0.025		0.025				0.025		0.025	0.025			0.025
Unsecured debt
Accelerated Share Repurchases [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of subordinated long-term debt														$ 500,000,000
Subsequent event
Accelerated Share Repurchases [Line Items]
Cash dividends declared per common share (in dollars per share) | $ / shares		$ 0.30
Subsequent event | Ally Financial Inc
Accelerated Share Repurchases [Line Items]
Minimum capital conservation buffer													0.025
Common stock
Accelerated Share Repurchases [Line Items]
Stock repurchase program, authorized amount																$ 2,000,000,000
Stock repurchased during period, value											$ 1,650,000,000

[1] Figures in the table may not recalculate exactly due to rounding. Earnings per share is calculated based on unrounded numbers.

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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Noncash collateral placed with counterparties	$ 678	$ 384
Cash collateral placed with counterparties		2
Cash collateral received from counterparties	$ 29	$ 23

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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Fair Value Amounts of Derivative Instruments Reported on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Fair value of derivative contracts in receivable position	$ 35	$ 23
Fair value of derivative contracts in payable position	22	42
Derivative, notional amount	45,120	33,833
Credit derivative, maximum exposure, undiscounted	47	82
Designated as hedging instrument
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Fair value of derivative contracts in receivable position	32	22
Fair value of derivative contracts in payable position	0	1
Derivative, notional amount	44,837	33,570
Not designated as hedging instrument
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Fair value of derivative contracts in receivable position	3	1
Fair value of derivative contracts in payable position	22	41
Derivative, notional amount	283	263
Interest rate contracts | Not designated as hedging instrument
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Fair value of derivative contracts in receivable position	2	0
Fair value of derivative contracts in payable position	0	0
Derivative, notional amount	225	116
Interest rate swaps | Designated as hedging instrument
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Fair value of derivative contracts in receivable position	0	0
Fair value of derivative contracts in payable position	0	0
Derivative, notional amount	38,674	30,619
Interest rate purchased options | Designated as hedging instrument
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Fair value of derivative contracts in receivable position	32	22
Fair value of derivative contracts in payable position	0	0
Derivative, notional amount	6,000	2,800
Interest rate futures and forwards | Not designated as hedging instrument
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Fair value of derivative contracts in receivable position	1	0
Fair value of derivative contracts in payable position	0	0
Derivative, notional amount	99	37
Interest rate written option | Not designated as hedging instrument
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Fair value of derivative contracts in receivable position	1	0
Fair value of derivative contracts in payable position	0	0
Derivative, notional amount	126	79
Foreign exchange contracts | Not designated as hedging instrument
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Fair value of derivative contracts in receivable position	0	0
Fair value of derivative contracts in payable position	0	1
Derivative, notional amount	58	147
Foreign exchange forwards | Designated as hedging instrument
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Fair value of derivative contracts in receivable position	0	0
Fair value of derivative contracts in payable position	0	1
Derivative, notional amount	163	151
Foreign exchange futures and forwards | Not designated as hedging instrument
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Fair value of derivative contracts in receivable position	0	0
Fair value of derivative contracts in payable position	0	1
Derivative, notional amount	58	147
Other credit derivatives | Not designated as hedging instrument
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Fair value of derivative contracts in receivable position	0	0
Fair value of derivative contracts in payable position	19	39
Equity contracts | Not designated as hedging instrument
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Fair value of derivative contracts in receivable position	1	1
Fair value of derivative contracts in payable position	3	1
Derivative, notional amount	0	0
Equity contract written options | Not designated as hedging instrument
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Fair value of derivative contracts in receivable position	0	0
Fair value of derivative contracts in payable position	3	1
Derivative, notional amount	0	0
Equity contract purchased options | Not designated as hedging instrument
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Fair value of derivative contracts in receivable position	1	1
Fair value of derivative contracts in payable position	0	0
Derivative, notional amount	$ 0	$ 0

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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Schedule of Fair Value Hedging Instruments, Statements of Financial Performance and Financial Position, Location) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Hedged liability, fair value hedge	$ 7,722	$ 7,697
Hedged Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Long-term debt	Long-term debt
Available-for-sale securities
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Hedged asset, fair value hedge	$ 14,840	$ 11,265
Hedged asset, fair value hedge, cumulative increase (decrease)	(277)	(180)
Closed portfolio and beneficial interest, last-of-layer, amortized cost	13,400	10,000
Amortized cost	13,100	9,700
Basis adjustment for active hedge	(219)	(135)
Hedged asset, last-of-layer, amount	10,500	4,000
Available-for-sale securities | Designated as hedging instrument
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Basis adjustment for active hedge	(86)	3
Finance receivables and loans, net
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Hedged asset, fair value hedge	46,875	46,390
Hedged asset, fair value hedge, cumulative increase (decrease)	(432)	(617)
Basis adjustment for active hedge	(432)	(617)
Hedged asset, last-of-layer, amount	26,800	22,800
Closed portfolio, carrying value	41,900	46,100
Finance receivables and loans, net | Designated as hedging instrument
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Basis adjustment for active hedge	(394)	(560)
Long-term debt
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Hedged liability, fair value hedge, cumulative increase (decrease)	105	112
Discontinued hedge | Available-for-sale securities
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Hedged asset, discontinued fair value hedge, cumulative increase (decrease)	(173)	(181)
Basis adjustment for active hedge	(133)	(138)
Discontinued hedge | Finance receivables and loans, net
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Hedged asset, discontinued fair value hedge, cumulative increase (decrease)	(38)	(57)
Basis adjustment for active hedge	(38)	(57)
Discontinued hedge | Long-term debt
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Hedged liability, discontinued fair value hedge, cumulative increase (decrease)	$ 105	$ 120

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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Statement of Gains and Losses on Derivative Instruments Reported in Statement of Comprehensive Income) (Details) - Not designated as hedging instrument - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings	$ 0	$ 10	$ (3)	$ 7
Interest rate contracts
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings	4	6	9	7
Foreign exchange contracts
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings	(1)	5	0	2
Other credit derivatives
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings	0	(1)	(5)	(2)
Equity contracts
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings	(3)	0	(7)	0
Gain on mortgage and automotive loans, net | Interest rate contracts
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings	4	3	9	1
Other income, net of losses | Interest rate contracts
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings	0	3	0	6
Other income, net of losses | Other credit derivatives
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings	0	(1)	(5)	(2)
Other income, net of losses | Equity contracts
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings	(3)	0	(7)	0
Other operating expenses | Foreign exchange contracts
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings	$ (1)	$ 5	$ 0	$ 2

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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Derivative Instruments Designated as Fair Value Hedges, Gain (Loss)) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Interest and fees on finance receivables and loans	$ 2,721	$ 1,842	$ 5,296	$ 3,556
Interest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assets	247	203	485	391
Interest on long-term debt	252	184	479	369
Earnings on cash flow hedges to be recognized within twelve months			1
Designated as hedging instrument | Interest and fees on finance receivables and loans
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total gain on fair value hedging relationships	0	0	0	0
Total gain on cash flow hedging relationships	5	5	10	11
Designated as hedging instrument | Interest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assets
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total gain on fair value hedging relationships	0	0	0	0
Total gain on cash flow hedging relationships	0	0	0	0
Designated as hedging instrument | Interest on long-term debt
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total gain on fair value hedging relationships	0	0	0	0
Total gain on cash flow hedging relationships	0	0	0	0
Designated as hedging instrument | Unsecured debt | Interest and fees on finance receivables and loans
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on hedged item in fair value hedge	0	0	0	0
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on fair value hedging instruments	0	0	0	0
Designated as hedging instrument | Unsecured debt | Interest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assets
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on hedged item in fair value hedge	0	0	0	0
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on fair value hedging instruments	0	0	0	0
Designated as hedging instrument | Unsecured debt | Interest on long-term debt
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on hedged item in fair value hedge	0	6	1	4
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on fair value hedging instruments	0	(6)	(1)	(4)
Designated as hedging instrument | Available-for-sale securities | Interest and fees on finance receivables and loans
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on hedged item in fair value hedge	0	0	0	0
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on fair value hedging instruments	0	0	0	0
Designated as hedging instrument | Available-for-sale securities | Interest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assets
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on hedged item in fair value hedge	(238)	(47)	(108)	(89)
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on fair value hedging instruments	238	47	108	89
Designated as hedging instrument | Available-for-sale securities | Interest on long-term debt
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on hedged item in fair value hedge	0	0	0	0
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on fair value hedging instruments	0	0	0	0
Designated as hedging instrument | Fixed-rate automotive loans | Interest and fees on finance receivables and loans
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on hedged item in fair value hedge	(39)	(149)	166	(453)
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on fair value hedging instruments	39	149	(166)	453
Designated as hedging instrument | Fixed-rate automotive loans | Interest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assets
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on hedged item in fair value hedge	0	0	0	0
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on fair value hedging instruments	0	0	0	0
Designated as hedging instrument | Fixed-rate automotive loans | Interest on long-term debt
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on hedged item in fair value hedge	0	0	0	0
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on fair value hedging instruments	0	0	0	0
Designated as hedging instrument | Variable-rate commercial loans | Interest and fees on finance receivables and loans
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Interest rate cash flow hedge gain (loss) reclassified to earnings	5	5	10	11
Designated as hedging instrument | Variable-rate commercial loans | Interest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assets
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Interest rate cash flow hedge gain (loss) reclassified to earnings	0	0	0	0
Designated as hedging instrument | Variable-rate commercial loans | Interest on long-term debt
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Interest rate cash flow hedge gain (loss) reclassified to earnings	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Interest and Amortization on Derivative Instruments) (Details) - Designated as hedging instrument - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Interest and fees on finance receivables and loans
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships	$ 197	$ (7)	$ 369	$ (34)
Interest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assets
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships	33	4	51	4
Interest on long-term debt
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships	2	1	5	1
Unsecured debt | Interest and fees on finance receivables and loans
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (loss) on amortization of deferred basis adjustments	0	0	0	0
Gain (loss) on interest for qualifying hedge	0	0	0	0
Unsecured debt | Interest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assets
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (loss) on amortization of deferred basis adjustments	0	0	0	0
Gain (loss) on interest for qualifying hedge	0	0	0	0
Unsecured debt | Interest on long-term debt
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (loss) on amortization of deferred basis adjustments	2	1	4	2
Gain (loss) on interest for qualifying hedge	0	1	0	1
Federal Home Loan Bank certificates and obligations | Interest and fees on finance receivables and loans
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (loss) on amortization of deferred basis adjustments	0	0	0	0
Federal Home Loan Bank certificates and obligations | Interest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assets
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (loss) on amortization of deferred basis adjustments	0	0	0	0
Federal Home Loan Bank certificates and obligations | Interest on long-term debt
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (loss) on amortization of deferred basis adjustments	0	(1)	1	(2)
Available-for-sale securities | Interest and fees on finance receivables and loans
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (loss) on amortization of deferred basis adjustments	0	0	0	0
Gain (loss) on interest for qualifying hedge	0	0	0	0
Available-for-sale securities | Interest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assets
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (loss) on amortization of deferred basis adjustments	6	4	11	5
Gain (loss) on interest for qualifying hedge	27	0	40	(1)
Available-for-sale securities | Interest on long-term debt
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (loss) on amortization of deferred basis adjustments	0	0	0	0
Gain (loss) on interest for qualifying hedge	0	0	0	0
Fixed-rate automotive loans | Interest and fees on finance receivables and loans
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (loss) on amortization of deferred basis adjustments	8	(2)	18	(11)
Gain (loss) on interest for qualifying hedge	189	(5)	351	(23)
Fixed-rate automotive loans | Interest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assets
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (loss) on amortization of deferred basis adjustments	0	0	0	0
Gain (loss) on interest for qualifying hedge	0	0	0	0
Fixed-rate automotive loans | Interest on long-term debt
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (loss) on amortization of deferred basis adjustments	0	0	0	0
Gain (loss) on interest for qualifying hedge	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Derivative Instruments Used in Net Investment Hedge Accounting Relationships) (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Interest rate contracts | Cash flow hedging
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Loss recognized in other comprehensive (loss) income	$ (27,000,000)	$ (5,000,000)	$ (28,000,000)	$ (11,000,000)
Foreign exchange contracts | Net investment hedging
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
(Loss) gain recognized in other comprehensive (loss) income	(3,000,000)	4,000,000	(3,000,000)	1,000,000
Amounts excluded from effectiveness testing	0	0	0	0
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

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Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income tax expense from continuing operations	$ 74	$ 152	$ 142	$ 343

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Fair Value (Fair Value Measurements - Recurring Basis) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity securities	$ 759	$ 681
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	$ 28,664	29,541
Derivative Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Finance receivables and loans, net
Derivative contracts in a receivable position	$ 35	$ 23
Investment in any one industry did not exceed percentage	17.00%	15.00%
Carrying amount, equity investments without a readily determinable fair value	$ 116	$ 123
Fair value, measurements, recurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	28,664	29,541
Derivative contracts in a receivable position	35	23
Total assets	29,451	30,223
Derivative contracts in a payable position	22	42
Total liabilities	22	42
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Foreign currency contracts
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative contracts in a payable position		2
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Credit contracts
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative contracts in a payable position	19	39
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Equity contracts
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative contracts in a payable position	3	1
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Equity securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity securities	716	643
Carrying amount, equity investments without a readily determinable fair value	43	38
Fair value, measurements, recurring | U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	2,029	2,016
Fair value, measurements, recurring | U.S. States and political subdivisions
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	665	760
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Foreign government
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	168	146
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Agency mortgage-backed security | Residential Mortgage
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	15,856	16,633
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Agency mortgage-backed security | Commercial Loan
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	3,684	3,535
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Mortgage-backed residential
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	4,143	4,299
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Asset-backed
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	383	433
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Corporate debt
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	1,736	1,719
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Mortgage loans held-for-sale
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Mortgage loans held-for-sale, fair value	36	13
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Consumer other | Consumer
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net		3
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Interest rate contracts
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative contracts in a receivable position	34	22
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Equity contracts
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative contracts in a receivable position	1	1
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	2,075	2,055
Derivative contracts in a receivable position	1	1
Total assets	2,791	2,698
Derivative contracts in a payable position	3	1
Total liabilities	3	1
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 1 | Foreign currency contracts
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative contracts in a payable position		0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 1 | Credit contracts
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative contracts in a payable position	0	0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 1 | Equity contracts
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative contracts in a payable position	3	1
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 1 | Equity securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity securities	715	642
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 1 | U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	2,029	2,016
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 1 | U.S. States and political subdivisions
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	0	0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 1 | Foreign government
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	46	39
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 1 | Agency mortgage-backed security | Residential Mortgage
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	0	0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 1 | Agency mortgage-backed security | Commercial Loan
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	0	0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 1 | Mortgage-backed residential
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	0	0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 1 | Asset-backed
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	0	0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 1 | Corporate debt
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	0	0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 1 | Mortgage loans held-for-sale
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Mortgage loans held-for-sale, fair value	0	0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 1 | Consumer other | Consumer
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net		0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 1 | Interest rate contracts
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative contracts in a receivable position	0	0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 1 | Equity contracts
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative contracts in a receivable position	1	1
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	26,584	27,482
Derivative contracts in a receivable position	33	22
Total assets	26,653	27,517
Derivative contracts in a payable position	0	2
Total liabilities	0	2
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 2 | Foreign currency contracts
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative contracts in a payable position		2
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 2 | Credit contracts
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative contracts in a payable position	0	0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 2 | Equity contracts
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative contracts in a payable position	0	0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 2 | Equity securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity securities	0	0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 2 | U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	0	0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 2 | U.S. States and political subdivisions
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	660	756
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 2 | Foreign government
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	122	107
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 2 | Agency mortgage-backed security | Residential Mortgage
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	15,856	16,633
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 2 | Agency mortgage-backed security | Commercial Loan
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	3,684	3,535
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 2 | Mortgage-backed residential
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	4,143	4,299
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 2 | Asset-backed
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	383	433
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 2 | Corporate debt
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	1,736	1,719
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 2 | Mortgage loans held-for-sale
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Mortgage loans held-for-sale, fair value	36	13
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 2 | Consumer other | Consumer
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net		0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 2 | Interest rate contracts
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative contracts in a receivable position	33	22
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 2 | Equity contracts
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative contracts in a receivable position	0	0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	5	4
Derivative contracts in a receivable position	1	0
Total assets	7	8
Derivative contracts in a payable position	19	39
Total liabilities	19	39
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 3 | Foreign currency contracts
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative contracts in a payable position		0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 3 | Credit contracts
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative contracts in a payable position	19	39
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 3 | Equity contracts
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative contracts in a payable position	0	0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 3 | Equity securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity securities	1	1
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 3 | U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	0	0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 3 | U.S. States and political subdivisions
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	5	4
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 3 | Foreign government
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	0	0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 3 | Agency mortgage-backed security | Residential Mortgage
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	0	0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 3 | Agency mortgage-backed security | Commercial Loan
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	0	0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 3 | Mortgage-backed residential
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	0	0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 3 | Asset-backed
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	0	0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 3 | Corporate debt
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Pledged assets, mortgage finance receivables	0	0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 3 | Mortgage loans held-for-sale
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Mortgage loans held-for-sale, fair value	0	0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 3 | Consumer other | Consumer
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net		3
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 3 | Interest rate contracts
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative contracts in a receivable position	1	0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 3 | Equity contracts
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative contracts in a receivable position	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Fair Value (Fair Value Measurements - Reconciliation of Level 3 Assets And Liabilities) (Details) - Fair value, measurements, recurring - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Derivative liabilities, net of derivative assets
Net unrealized losses still held at June 30,
Included in OCI	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Liabilities
Fair value at beginning of the period	42	61	39	53
Net realized/unrealized (gains) losses
Included in earnings	(3)	(1)	(3)	7
Included in OCI	0	0	0	0
Purchases	0	0	0	0
Sales	0	0	0	0
Issuances	0	0	0	0
Settlements	(25)	(10)	(25)	(10)
Transfers into Level 3	0	0	0	0
Transfers out of Level 3	4	0	7	0
Fair value at ending of the period	18	50	18	50
Net unrealized gains still held at June 30,
Included in earnings	(1)	(1)	(1)	(4)
Included in OCI	0	0	0	0
Equity securities
Assets
Fair value at beginning of the period	1	1	1	9
Net realized/unrealized gains (losses)
Included in earnings	0	1	0	2
Included in OCI	0	0	0	0
Purchases	0	0	0	0
Sales	0	0	0	(9)
Issuances	0	0	0	0
Settlements	0	0	0	0
Transfers into Level 3	0	0	0	0
Transfers out of Level 3	0	0	0	0
Fair value at ending of the period	1	2	1	2
Net unrealized losses still held at June 30,
Included in earnings	0	0	0	0
Included in OCI	0	0	0	0
Net unrealized gains still held at June 30,
Included in OCI	0	0	0	0
Available-for-sale securities
Assets
Fair value at beginning of the period	4	11	4	9
Net realized/unrealized gains (losses)
Included in earnings	0	0	0	0
Included in OCI	0	0	0	0
Purchases	1	1	1	3
Sales	0	0	0	0
Issuances	0	0	0	0
Settlements	0	0	0	0
Transfers into Level 3	0	0	0	0
Transfers out of Level 3	0	0	0	0
Fair value at ending of the period	5	12	5	12
Net unrealized losses still held at June 30,
Included in earnings	0	0	0	0
Included in OCI	0	0	0	0
Net unrealized gains still held at June 30,
Included in OCI	0	0	0	0
Finance receivables and loans, net | Consumer Loan
Assets
Fair value at beginning of the period	2	7	3	7
Net realized/unrealized gains (losses)
Included in earnings	0	0	0	(1)
Included in OCI	0	0	0	0
Purchases	0	4	0	8
Sales	0	0	0	0
Issuances	0	0	0	0
Settlements	(2)	(4)	(3)	(7)
Transfers into Level 3	0	0	0	0
Transfers out of Level 3	0	0	0	0
Fair value at ending of the period	0	7	0	7
Net unrealized losses still held at June 30,
Included in earnings	0	0	0	(1)
Included in OCI	0	0	0	0
Net unrealized gains still held at June 30,
Included in OCI	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Fair Value (Fair Value Measurements - Nonrecurring Basis) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Loans held-for-sale, net	$ 297	$ 654
Finance receivables and loans, net	134,668	132,037
Assets | Fair Value, measurements, nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets	399	700
Lower-of-cost-or-fair-value reserve, valuation reserve, or cumulative adjustments	(66)	(86)
Loans held-for-sale, net | Fair Value, measurements, nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Loans held-for-sale, net	261	641
Lower-of-cost-or-fair-value reserve, valuation reserve, or cumulative adjustments	0	0
Nonmarketable equity investments | Fair Value, measurements, nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Other assets	6	12
Lower-of-cost-or-fair-value reserve, valuation reserve, or cumulative adjustments	0	3
Repossessed and foreclosed assets | Fair Value, measurements, nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Other assets	11	5
Lower-of-cost-or-fair-value reserve, valuation reserve, or cumulative adjustments	(1)	0
Level 1 | Assets | Fair Value, measurements, nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets	0	0
Level 1 | Loans held-for-sale, net | Fair Value, measurements, nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Loans held-for-sale, net	0	0
Level 1 | Nonmarketable equity investments | Fair Value, measurements, nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Other assets	0	0
Level 1 | Repossessed and foreclosed assets | Fair Value, measurements, nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Other assets	0	0
Level 2 | Assets | Fair Value, measurements, nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets	6	0
Level 2 | Loans held-for-sale, net | Fair Value, measurements, nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Loans held-for-sale, net	0	0
Level 2 | Nonmarketable equity investments | Fair Value, measurements, nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Other assets	6	0
Level 2 | Repossessed and foreclosed assets | Fair Value, measurements, nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Other assets	0	0
Level 3 | Assets | Fair Value, measurements, nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets	393	700
Level 3 | Loans held-for-sale, net | Fair Value, measurements, nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Loans held-for-sale, net	261	641
Level 3 | Nonmarketable equity investments | Fair Value, measurements, nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Other assets	0	12
Level 3 | Repossessed and foreclosed assets | Fair Value, measurements, nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Other assets	11	5
Commercial | Fair Value, measurements, nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	121	42
Lower-of-cost-or-fair-value reserve, valuation reserve, or cumulative adjustments	(65)	(89)
Commercial | Level 1 | Fair Value, measurements, nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	0	0
Commercial | Level 2 | Fair Value, measurements, nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	0	0
Commercial | Level 3 | Fair Value, measurements, nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	121	42
Automotive | Commercial | Fair Value, measurements, nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	20	3
Lower-of-cost-or-fair-value reserve, valuation reserve, or cumulative adjustments	(5)	0
Automotive | Commercial | Level 1 | Fair Value, measurements, nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	0	0
Automotive | Commercial | Level 2 | Fair Value, measurements, nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	0	0
Automotive | Commercial | Level 3 | Fair Value, measurements, nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	20	3
Other | Commercial | Fair Value, measurements, nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	101	39
Lower-of-cost-or-fair-value reserve, valuation reserve, or cumulative adjustments	(60)	(89)
Other | Commercial | Level 1 | Fair Value, measurements, nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	0	0
Other | Commercial | Level 2 | Fair Value, measurements, nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	0	0
Other | Commercial | Level 3 | Fair Value, measurements, nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Finance receivables and loans, net	$ 101	$ 39

XML

Fair Value (Fair Value, by Balance Sheet Grouping) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity securities	$ 1,030	$ 1,062
Loans held-for-sale, net	297	654
Finance receivables and loans, net	134,668	132,037
Deposit liabilities	154,310	152,297
Short-term borrowings	2,194	2,399
Long-term debt	20,141	17,762
Carrying value
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity securities	1,030	1,062
Loans held-for-sale, net	261	641
Finance receivables and loans, net	134,668	132,034
FHLB/FRB stock	754	719
Deposit liabilities	55,309	42,336
Short-term borrowings	2,194	2,399
Long-term debt	20,141	17,762
Estimated fair value
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity securities	850	884
Loans held-for-sale, net	261	641
Finance receivables and loans, net	135,779	133,856
FHLB/FRB stock	754	719
Deposit liabilities	55,053	41,909
Short-term borrowings	2,234	2,417
Long-term debt	20,529	18,252
Estimated fair value | Level 1
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity securities	0	0
Loans held-for-sale, net	0	0
Finance receivables and loans, net	0	0
FHLB/FRB stock	0	0
Deposit liabilities	0	0
Short-term borrowings	0	0
Long-term debt	0	0
Estimated fair value | Level 2
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity securities	850	884
Loans held-for-sale, net	0	0
Finance receivables and loans, net	0	0
FHLB/FRB stock	754	719
Deposit liabilities	0	0
Short-term borrowings	0	0
Long-term debt	13,850	12,989
Estimated fair value | Level 3
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity securities	0	0
Loans held-for-sale, net	261	641
Finance receivables and loans, net	135,779	133,856
FHLB/FRB stock	0	0
Deposit liabilities	55,053	41,909
Short-term borrowings	2,234	2,417
Long-term debt	$ 6,679	$ 5,263

XML

Offsetting Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Offsetting [Abstract]
Fair value of derivative contracts in receivable position	$ 35	$ 23
Gross amounts offset on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet	0	0
Total assets, net amount	35	23
Financial instruments	(1)	(1)
Gross amounts not offset on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet	(29)	(22)
Total assets	5	0
Derivative liabilities, gross amounts of recognized assets/liabilities	22	42
Gross amounts offset on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet	0	0
Net amounts of assets/liabilities presented on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet	22	42
Derivative liabilities, gross amounts not offset on the condensed consolidated balance sheet, financial instruments	(1)	(1)
Derivative liabilities in net liability positions	(2)	(1)
Net amount	19	40
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	994	499
Derivative liabilities - gross amounts offset on the consolidated balance sheet	0	0
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	994	499
Security sold under agreement to repurchase, gross amounts not offset on the condensed consolidated balance sheet, financial instruments	0	0
Security sold under agreement to repurchase, subject to master netting arrangement, collateral, right to reclaim cash not offset	(994)	(499)
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase, offset against collateral, net of not subject to master netting arrangement, policy election	0	0
Gross amounts of recognized assets/liabilities	1,016	541
Gross amounts offset on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet	0	0
Fair value of derivative contracts in payable position	1,016	541
Financial instruments	(1)	(1)
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase, securities loaned, collateral, right to reclaim cash	(996)	(500)
Security sold under agreement to repurchase, and security loaned, including not subject to master netting arrangement, after offset and deduction	19	40
Derivative assets with no offsetting arrangements	2
Derivative liabilities with no offsetting arrangements	$ 19	$ 39
Derivative Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Accrued expenses and other liabilities

XML

Segment Information (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($) subsegment segment	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of operating segments | segment			4
Number of operating subsegments | subsegment			2
Net financing revenue and other interest income	$ 1,573	$ 1,764	$ 3,175	$ 3,457
Other revenue	506	312	1,004	754
Total net revenue	2,079	2,076	4,179	4,211
Provision for credit losses	427	304	873	471
Total noninterest expense	1,249	1,138	2,515	2,260
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense	403	634	791	1,480
Total assets	197,241	185,703	197,241	185,703	$ 191,826
Net financing revenue and other interest income after the provision for credit losses	1,100	1,500	2,300	3,000
Automotive Finance operations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Other revenue	83	72	160	140
Insurance operations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Other revenue	337	158	718	428
Mortgage Finance operations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Other revenue	5	4	9	18
Corporate Finance operations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Other revenue	28	19	57	43
Operating Segments | Automotive Finance operations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net financing revenue and other interest income	1,349	1,301	2,671	2,596
Other revenue	83	72	160	140
Total net revenue	1,432	1,373	2,831	2,736
Provision for credit losses	331	228	682	332
Total noninterest expense	600	545	1,206	1,079
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense	501	600	943	1,325
Total assets	113,757	107,178	113,757	107,178
Operating Segments | Insurance operations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net financing revenue and other interest income	29	20	55	37
Other revenue	337	158	718	428
Total net revenue	366	178	773	465
Provision for credit losses	0	0	0	0
Total noninterest expense	358	300	673	574
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense	8	(122)	100	(109)
Total assets	8,890	8,819	8,890	8,819
Operating Segments | Mortgage Finance operations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net financing revenue and other interest income	53	56	107	109
Other revenue	5	4	9	18
Total net revenue	58	60	116	127
Provision for credit losses	0	0	(1)	0
Total noninterest expense	37	54	75	110
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense	21	6	42	17
Total assets	18,997	19,126	18,997	19,126
Operating Segments | Corporate Finance operations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net financing revenue and other interest income	92	77	195	160
Other revenue	28	19	57	43
Total net revenue	120	96	252	203
Provision for credit losses	15	8	30	14
Total noninterest expense	33	28	78	65
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense	72	60	144	124
Total assets	10,190	8,890	10,190	8,890
Corporate and Other
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net financing revenue and other interest income	50	310	147	555
Other revenue	53	59	60	125
Total net revenue	103	369	207	680
Provision for credit losses	81	68	162	125
Total noninterest expense	221	211	483	432
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense	(199)	90	(438)	123
Total assets	$ 45,407	$ 41,690	$ 45,407	$ 41,690

XML

Subsequent Events (Details) - $ / shares			3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
		Jul. 17, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Cash dividends declared per common share (in dollars per share)	[1]		$ 0.30	$ 0.30	$ 0.60	$ 0.60
Subsequent event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Cash dividends declared per common share (in dollars per share)		$ 0.30

[1] Figures in the table may not recalculate exactly due to rounding. Earnings per share is calculated based on unrounded numbers.