Other Assets

The components of other assets were as follows.



December 31, ($ in millions)	2018			2017
Property and equipment at cost	$	1,250		$	1,064
Accumulated depreciation	(686		)	(608		)
Net property and equipment	564			456
Nonmarketable equity investments (a)	1,410			1,233
Restricted cash held for securitization trusts (b)	965			923
Investment in qualified affordable housing projects (c)	649			472
Accrued interest, fees, and rent receivables	599			550
Net deferred tax assets	317			461
Equity method-investments (d)	262			220
Goodwill (e)	240			240
Other accounts receivable	203			116
Restricted cash and cash equivalents (f)	124			94
Fair value of derivative contracts in receivable position (g)	41			39
Cash collateral placed with counterparties	26			29
Other assets	753			830
Total other assets	$	6,153		$	5,663

(a)

Includes investments in FHLB stock of $903 million and $745 million at December 31, 2018, and 2017, respectively; FRB stock of $448 million and $445 million at December 31, 2018, and 2017, respectively; and equity securities without a readily determinable fair value of $59 million at December 31, 2018, measured at cost with adjustments for impairment and observable changes in price. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we recorded $2 million in impairment related to equity securities without a readily determinable fair value.


(b)	Includes restricted cash collected from customer payments on securitized receivables, which are distributed by us to investors as payments on the related secured debt, and cash reserve deposits utilized as a form of credit enhancement for various securitization transactions.

(c)

Investment in qualified affordable housing projects are accounted for using the proportional amortization method of accounting and include $319 million and $240 million of unfunded commitments to provide additional capital contributions to investees at December 31, 2018, and 2017, respectively. Substantially all of the unfunded commitments at December 31, 2018, are expected to be paid out over the next five years.


(d)	Primarily relates to investments made in connection with our CRA program.

(e)

Includes goodwill of $27 million within our Insurance operations at both December 31, 2018, and 2017; $193 million within Corporate and Other at both December 31, 2018, and 2017; and $20 million within Automotive Finance operations at both December 31, 2018, and 2017. As a result of our acquisition of TradeKing Group, Inc. (TradeKing), we recognized $193 million of goodwill within Corporate and Other on June 1, 2016. On August 1, 2016, we purchased assets from Blue Yield and recognized $20 million of goodwill within Automotive Finance operations. No other changes to the carrying amount of goodwill were recorded during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016.


(f)	Primarily represents a number of arrangements with third parties where certain restrictions are placed on balances we hold due to collateral agreements associated with operational processes with a third-party bank, or letter of credit arrangements and corresponding collateral requirements.


(g)	For additional information on derivative instruments and hedging activities, refer to Note 21.