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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Tax Disclosure
Income Taxes
We recognized total income tax expense from continuing operations of $91 million and $280 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, compared to $115 million and $350 million for the same periods in 2017. The decreases in income tax expense for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same periods in 2017, were primarily driven by the reduction of the U.S. federal corporate tax rate enacted as a result of the Tax Act and a nonrecurring tax benefit from the release of valuation allowance against state net operating loss carryforwards as a result of a state tax law enactment in the third quarter of 2018. This decrease was partially offset by the tax effects of an increase in pretax earnings, nondeductible Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) premiums as a result of the Tax Act, and a nonrecurring tax benefit in 2017 from the release of valuation allowance against our capital-in-nature deferred tax assets and foreign tax credit carryforwards.
As further described in Note 1, we elected to early-adopt ASU 2018-02 effective January 1, 2018. As a result of this adoption, we reclassified $42 million from accumulated other comprehensive loss to retained earnings, which eliminated the stranded federal income tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive loss resulting from the Tax Act. Our policy is to use the portfolio method with respect to reclassification of stranded income tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive loss.
As of each reporting date, we consider existing evidence, both positive and negative, that could impact our view with regard to future realization of deferred tax assets. We continue to believe it is more likely than not that the benefit for certain foreign tax credit carryforwards, state net operating loss carryforwards, and state capital loss carryforwards will not be realized. In recognition of this risk, we continue to provide a partial valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets relating to these carryforwards.