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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]
Income Taxes
We recognized total income tax expense from continuing operations of $76 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018, compared to income tax expense of $113 million for the same period in 2017. The decrease in income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2018, compared to the same period in 2017, was primarily driven by the reduction of the U.S. federal corporate tax rate enacted as a result of the Tax Act, partially offset by tax benefits in 2017 from the release of valuation allowance against our capital-in-nature deferred tax assets and foreign tax credit carryforwards.
As further described in Note 1, we elected to early-adopt ASU 2018-02 effective January 1, 2018. As a result of this adoption, we reclassified $42 million from accumulated other comprehensive loss to retained earnings, which eliminated the stranded federal income tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive loss resulting from the Tax Act. Our policy is to use the portfolio method with respect to reclassification of stranded income tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive loss.
As of each reporting date, we consider existing evidence, both positive and negative, that could impact our view with regard to future realization of deferred tax assets. We continue to believe it is more likely than not that the benefit for certain foreign tax credits carryforwards, state net operating loss carryforwards, and state capital loss carryforwards will not be realized. In recognition of this risk, we continue to provide a partial valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets relating to these carryforwards.