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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]
Income Taxes
We recognized total income tax expense from continuing operations of $122 million and $235 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, compared to $56 million and $206 million for the same periods in 2016. The increases in income tax expense for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2017, compared to the same periods in 2016, were primarily driven by a non-recurring tax benefit in the second quarter of 2016 due to a U.S. tax reserve release related to a prior-year federal return that reduced our liability for unrecognized tax benefits by $175 million. This benefit was partially offset by the establishment of a valuation allowance on capital loss carryforwards for the three months ended June 30, 2016, and a decrease in pretax earnings.
As of each reporting date, we consider existing evidence, both positive and negative, that could impact our view with regard to future realization of deferred tax assets. We continue to believe it is more likely than not that the benefit for capital loss carryforwards, certain foreign tax credits, and state net operating loss carryforwards will not be realized. In recognition of this risk, we continue to provide a full valuation allowance on capital loss carryforwards and a partial valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets relating to foreign tax credits and state net operating loss carryforwards.